scholarly journals The role of single inoculation and dubie and triple bacterial interaction Azospirullum brasilanse and VAM Glomuse Mossea and phosphate rock in availability NPK In the Rhizosphere Cucumber ( cucmuise stivease L. )

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Hatem N. Arabi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Bacterial Interaction

The role of single inoculation and dubie and triple bacterial interaction Azospirullum brasilanse and VAM Glomuse Mossea and phosphate rock in availability NPK In the Rhizosphere Cucumber ( cucmuise stivease L. )

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Hatem N. Arabi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Triple Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Glomus Mossea ◽  
Double Interaction ◽  
The Impact

Use biofirtilizer forming for quantity Bacterial Azospirullum braslieanse and VAM Glomus  mossea  and  four  levels of   rock  phosphate ( 0 , 80, 140 , 200 Kg  . ha -1) to study the single effect and double and triple interaction in the availability NPK In the Rhizosphere ( cucmuise stivease L. ) . Although the yield contains few nutrients but is considered one of the most important crops in Iraq ( 36). It is fast growing and needs high fertilization of NPK ( 38). It gave a solo biofertilizer  bacterial and fungal and the level of rock phosphate 140 Kg ha -1 on characters  NPK  Measured in soil , achieving the highest significant increase in the values ​​of treatments 50.43 , 49.52 , 50.70 mg N .kg 1 and 16.02 , 15.51 , 16.26 mg P .kg  1 and 191.54 , 192.26 , 192.32 mg K .kg -1 On the sequence compared with   Control. The results of the double interaction  in bacterial with fungal  , bacterial interaction with phosphate rock, and fungi interaction  with phosphate rock at 140 Kg -1 .ha Increase in characters  NPK Measured in soil , , As it achieved the highest  significant  increase in treatments values 51.04  , 52.5 , 51.41   mg N .kg - 1 16.28   , 16.47 , 16.81 mg P .kg - 1 and 192.59 , 192.24 , 193.29 mg K .kg -1 On the sequence in relation to its control. The results of the triple interaction  Bacterial, fungal, and phosphate rock was given at the level of phosphate rock 140 Kg. Ha -1 increase in characters NPK Measured in soil , if triple interaction achieves the highest significant increase in the values ​​of treatments 52 . 84 mg N .kg - 1 and 16.92 mg P .kg m - 1 and 193.29 mg K .kg m - 1 On the sequence in relation to its control. The results showed that the triple interaction ( A. braslieanse  + Glomeas mossea + Phosphate rock ) at level 140 Kg . Ha -1 Phosphate rock gave the highest significant increase in the values ​​of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil of the plastic house . As the interaction between these microorganisms was positive and the impact of living one on the other was a catalyst in the increase of availability NPK .

scholarly journals A Gnotobiotic Model to Examine Plant and Microbiome Contributions to Survival under Arsenic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Molina ◽  
James F. White ◽  
Sara García-Salgado ◽  
M. Ángeles Quijano ◽  
Natalia González-Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
Free Media

So far, the relative importance of the plant and its microbiome in the development of early stages of plant seedling growth under arsenic stress has not been studied. To test the role of endophytic bacteria in increasing plant success under arsenic stress, gnotobiotic seeds of J. montana were inoculated with two endophytic bacteria: Pantoea conspicua MC-K1 (PGPB and As resistant bacteria) and Arthrobacter sp. MC-D3A (non-helper and non-As resistant bacteria) and an endobacteria mixture. In holobiotic seedlings (with seed-vectored microbes intact), neither the capacity of germination nor development of roots and lateral hairs was affected at 125 μM As(V). However, in gnotobiotic seedlings, the plants are negatively impacted by absence of a microbiome and presence of arsenic, resulting in reduced growth of roots and root hairs. The inoculation of a single PGPB (P. conspicua-MCK1) shows a tendency to the recovery of the plant, both in arsenic enriched and arsenic-free media, while the inoculation with Arthrobacter sp. does not help in the recovery of the plants. Inoculation with a bacterial mixture allows recovery of plants in arsenic free media; however, plants did not recover under arsenic stress, probably because of a bacterial interaction in the mixture.

scholarly journals The Rcs System in Enterobacteriaceae: Envelope Stress Responses and Virulence Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Meng ◽  
Glenn Young ◽  
Jingyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Virulence Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Envelope Stress

The bacterial cell envelope is a protective barrier at the frontline of bacterial interaction with the environment, and its integrity is regulated by various stress response systems. The Rcs (regulator of capsule synthesis) system, a non-orthodox two-component regulatory system (TCS) found in many members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is one of the envelope stress response pathways. The Rcs system can sense envelope damage or defects and regulate the transcriptome to counteract stress, which is particularly important for the survival and virulence of pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we summarize the roles of the Rcs system in envelope stress responses (ESRs) and virulence regulation. We discuss the environmental and intrinsic sources of envelope stress that cause activation of the Rcs system with an emphasis on the role of RcsF in detection of envelope stress and signal transduction. Finally, the different regulation mechanisms governing the Rcs system’s control of virulence in several common pathogens are introduced. This review highlights the important role of the Rcs system in the environmental adaptation of bacteria and provides a theoretical basis for the development of new strategies for control, prevention, and treatment of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Comparison of phosphate fertilisers in a grazed hill country pasture

1990 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Second Year

A grazing trial evaluated the agronomic effectiveness of 3 different types of phosphate (P) fertilisers. The same fertilisers were also evaluated in a small-plot mowing trial located within the grazing trial. In the grazing trial, which covered 35 ha of summer moist hill country, the partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) and reactive phosphate rock (RPR) were as effective as superphosphate in stimulating legume and pasture production in the first year. In the second year the two slow-release materials continued to perform as well as SSP. In contrast in the mowing trial, superphosphate was more effective than RPR in the first year. This trial technique clearly underestimates the initial effectiveness of PAPR and RPR in grazed hill country. The traditional small-plot mowing trial technique, and the role of PAPR and RPR fertilisers in hill country, both need re-evaluation. Keywords hill country, superphosphate, slow release fertilisers, mowing trials, grazed pasture

scholarly journals RPR revisited (2): Long-term farmer experience helps define the role of RPR in grazed pastures

2012 ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
M. Zaman ◽  
B.F. Quin
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Phosphorus Runoff ◽  
Commercial Introduction

The commercial introduction of reactive phosphate rock (RPR) to the New Zealand market in 1987 was the subject of much dispute regarding its efficacy, and the differing interpretations of field trial results. Twenty-five years on, it was considered time to seek the views of farmers who are long-term users of RPR, across a wide range of geographic, soil type, fertility, climate and farming operations. The fact that the farmers interviewed have all been farming successfully with RPR for many years enables conditions suitable for RPR use to be identified more clearly compared to earlier advice. This progress is discussed in the context of utilising the proven reduced phosphorus (P) run-off with RPR to reduce P eutrophication in P-sensitive catchments. Key words: Reactive phosphate rock, RPR, superphosphate, SSP, long-term use, phosphorus runoff, eutrophication, water quality, recommendations

The role of soil pH in the dissolution of phosphate rock fertilizers

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. K. Kanabo ◽  
R. J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Phosphate Rock

Role of Inorganic Phosphate Solubilizing Bacilli Isolated from Moroccan Phosphate Rock Mine and Rhizosphere Soils in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Phosphorus Uptake

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 2391-2404
Author(s):  
Salah Eddine Azaroual ◽  
Zakaria Hazzoumi ◽  
Najib El Mernissi ◽  
Abderrahim Aasfar ◽  
Issam Meftah Kadmiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

scholarly journals Role of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Bacterial Interaction with Chicken Heterophils and Macrophages

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melha Mellata ◽  
Maryvonne Dho-Moulin ◽  
Charles M. Dozois ◽  
Roy Curtiss ◽  
Brigitte Lehoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Type 1 Fimbriae ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
K1 Capsule ◽  
Bacterial Association

ABSTRACT Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause extraintestinal disease in avian species via respiratory tract infection. Virulence factors associated with APEC include type 1 and P fimbriae, curli, aerobactin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), K1 capsular antigen, temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh), and an uncharacterized pathogen-specific chromosomal region (the 0-min region). The role of these virulence factors in bacterial interaction with phagocytes was investigated by using mutants of three APEC strains, each belonging to one of the most predominant serogroups O1, O2, and O78. Bacterial cell interaction with avian phagocytes was tested with primary cultures of chicken heterophils and macrophages. The presence of type 1 fimbriae and, in contrast, the absence of P fimbriae, K1 capsule, O78 antigen, and the 0-min region promoted bacterial association with chicken heterophils and macrophages. The presence of type 1 and P fimbriae, O78 antigen, and the 0-min region seemed to protect bacteria against the bactericidal effect of phagocytes, especially heterophils. The tested virulence factors seemed to have a limited role in intracellular survival for up to 48 h in macrophages. Generally, opsonized and nonopsonized bacteria were eliminated to the same extent, but in some cases, unopsonized bacteria were eliminated to a greater extent than opsonized bacteria. These results confirm the important role of type 1 fimbriae in promotion of initial phagocytosis, but nevertheless indicate a role for type 1 fimbriae in the protection of bacteria from subsequent killing, at least in heterophils. The results also indicate a role for K1 capsule, O78 antigen, P fimbriae, and the 0-min region in initial avoidance of phagocytosis, but demonstrate an additional role for O78 antigen, P fimbriae, and the 0-min region in subsequent protection against the bactericidal effects of phagocytes after bacterial association has occurred.

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