scholarly journals The Synthesis of Europium-Doped Calcium Carbonate by an Eco-Method as Free Radical Generator Under Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation for Body Sculpture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che-Yung Kuan ◽  
Yu-Ying Lin ◽  
I-Hsuan Yang ◽  
Ching-Yun Chen ◽  
Chih-Ying Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Body Sculpture

Body sculpture is a common method to remove excessive fat. The diet and exercise are the first suggestion to keep body shape; however, those are difficult to keep adherence. Ultrasound has been developed for fat ablation; however, it could only serve as the side treatment along with liposuction. In the study, a sonosensitizer of europium-doped calcium carbonate (CaCO3: Eu) would be synthesized by an eco-method and combined with low-intensity ultrasound for lipolysis. The crystal structure of CaCO3: Eu was identified by x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The morphology of CaCO3: Eu was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of CaCO3: Eu was evaluated by energy-dispersed spectrophotometer (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The electronic diffraction pattern was to further check crystal structure of the synthesized individual grain by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The particle size was determined by Zeta-sizer. Water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) were used to evaluate the cell viability. Chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) and live/dead stain were used to evaluate feasibility in vitro. SD-rat was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy in vivo. The results showed that CaCO3: Eu had good biocompatibility and could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after treated with low-intensity ultrasound. After 4-weeks, the CaCO3: Eu exposed to ultrasound irradiation on SD rats could significantly decrease body weight, waistline, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. We believe that ROS from sonoluminescence, CO2-bomb and locally increasing Ca2+ level would be three major mechanisms to remove away adipo-tissue and inhibit adipogenesis. We could say that the combination of the CaCO3: Eu and low-intensity ultrasound would be a non-invasive treatment for the body sculpture.

Study on Effect of Low Frequency and Low Intensity Ultrasound on Leukemic Cell Lines K562 and Human Hematopoietic Cells.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4420-4420
Author(s):  
Bao-An Chen ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Chong Gao ◽  
Jia-Hua Ding ◽  
Yun-Yu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of low frequency and low intensity ultrasound on leukemia cell lines K562 and to clarify the role of Caspase-3 in the effect and to study the effect of low frequency and low intensity ultrasound on human hematopoietic cells. Methods: K562 cells in log phase were divided into 2 groups: control group and experimental group. The tensity of low frequency(20kHz) and low intensity ultrasound were 0.03W/m2 0.1W/m2 and 0.25W/m2 respectively. The exposure time were 30s and 60s respectively. K562 cells were incubated in 24-well culture plates for different time periods (6h,24h,48h) after sonication and the number of vital cells was tested by MTT assay. The morphology of apoptosis were analyzed by Wright’s stain and transmission electron microscope. The pencentage of apoptosis were studied by flow cytometry (FCM). The activation of Caspase-3 were tested by Caspase-3 kit with spectrophotometric method. All the hematopoietic cells were classified to two groups: control and experimental groups. The intensity of low frequency(20kHz) and low intensity ultrasound were 0.03W/m2 0.1W/m2 and 0.25W/m2 respectively. The exposure time were 30s and 60s respectively. The cells were incubated in 24-well culture plates for different time periods (6h, 24h, 48h) after sonication and the number of vital cells were tested by typhan blue exclusion. The ratio of apoptosis and morphology of apoptosis were analyzed by FCM, Wright’s stain and transmission electron microscope. Results: The absorbance value of MTT decreased significantly after exposure. The highest apoptosis was found in 0.25W group after 30-s sonication and 6-h incubation. Morphological alterations observed in cells after exposure to ultrasound included: cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. The result of FCM included: control 7.6%; 0.03W,30s,6h 11.57%; 0.1W,30s,6h 35.95%;0.25W,30s,6h 38.87%. There were no significant difference of activation of Caspase-3 between control and experimental group(0.25W group after 30-s sonication and 6-h incubation). The result of typhan blue exclusion was: the difference between each group was not significant. FCM, Wright’s stain and transmission electron microscope did not find apoptosis in each group. Conclusions: Low frequency and low intensity ultrasound can induce apoptosis in K562 cell lines after exposure. The effect went significantly when the intensity of ultrasound increase, without relation to the exposure time. The low frequency and low intensity ultrasound has no significant effect on human hematopoietic cells.

scholarly journals Low intensity ultrasound effects over osteopenic female rats bones

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cristina Leite de Carvalho ◽  
Alberto Cliquet Jr
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Femoral Diaphysis ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

Several studies have already shown the beneficial effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteogenesis in fracture cases. However, few reports have related the ultrasound action in bone with some injury but without fracture. Thus, we induced a rat osteopenia model by ovariectomy and the proximal third of rat femur was stimulated by ultrasound (200mus burst of 1.5 MHz sine waves repeated at 1.0 kHz, 30mW/cm², SATA) for 20 min/day, during 20 days. After the treatment period, the body weight was significantly higher in the non-treated group than the treated one. No significant difference in bone mineral content was detected among the groups (p > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was noted in the mechanical properties of the femoral diaphysis. However, histologic investigations showed that the treated femur presented less microarchitectural deterioration than the non-treated group. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the treated group did show recent bone formation which was not there in the non-treated group. These results suggest that the low intensity ultrasound can interfere in a positive way on osteoporosis.

scholarly journals PROGRESS OF ORGANISMS HEALTH & INTELLIGENCE VIA NANITES & REAL-TIME MONITORING OF THEM VIA WIRELESS NETWORKS & MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaideftos Chaideftos
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sound Wave ◽  
Molecular Machines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Biological Actions

Implantable safe biodegradable or/and permanent nanites – nanomachines – molecular machines - nanobiosensors (from safe biomaterials for the organisms without metals that are dangerous due to MRI scans) for real-time monitoring of organs, tissues, neurons, neurotransmitters, synapses, receptors, cells & etc with their subcategories in order to prevent deadly diseases via the consignation of biodegradable nanomedicines – nanites – nanomachines - molecular machines (from safe biomaterials) which will contain safe therapeutic medical substances (biological or biochemical substances) such as Hamlet, Gamlet & etc & which will be monitored via ultrasound scans until to reach the desirable targets in order to be activated via ultrasound pulses. Except of the therapeutic medical substances, we should try biological – light – ultrasound – sound – wave – vibration – pulse – magnetic – electrical – etc stimulations (all types of stimulations on all the body at the same time) together with FLASH radiotherapy [when it will be safe (on all the body at the same time)] in order to wake up the functions of the organisms & to confront dangerous diseases [it must be mentioned that low-intensity ultrasound & FLASH radiotherapy (when it will be safe) can be used in order to treat cancer & pathogens]. Continuous real-time monitoring of the genetic – biological actions & interactions of nanites, genetics, biochemistry & all type of stimulations through biosensors – nanites – nanomachines – molecular machines will give us an overview about everything.

X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brünger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

A TEM study of the microstructure of avian eggshells

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1102-1103
Author(s):  
S. Q. Xiao ◽  
S. Baden ◽  
A. H. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Polycrystalline Metals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms

The avian eggshell is one of the most rapidly mineralizing biological systems known. In situ, 5g of calcium carbonate are crystallized in less than 20 hrs to fabricate the shell. Although there have been much work about the formation of eggshells, controversy about the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the calcite crystals, and their texture in the eggshell, still remain unclear. In this report the microstructure and microchemistry of avian eggshells have been analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Fresh white and dry brown eggshells were broken and fixed in Karnosky's fixative (kaltitanden) for 2 hrs, then rinsed in distilled H2O. Small speckles of the eggshells were embedded in Spurr medium and thin sections were made ultramicrotome.The crystalline part of eggshells are composed of many small plate-like calcite grains, whose plate normals are approximately parallel to the shell surface. The sizes of the grains are about 0.3×0.3×1 μm3 (Fig.l). These grains are not as closely packed as man-made polycrystalline metals and ceramics, and small gaps between adjacent grains are visible indicating the absence of conventional grain boundaries.

The crystal structure of eugaAl

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1452-1453
Author(s):  
H. Brigitte Krause ◽  
Yonglin Qian
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Polycrystalline Specimen ◽  
Lattice Constants

A polycrystalline specimen of nominal formula EuGaAl with unknown crystal structure was investigated by various electron microscope techniques; EDS-, SED-, and CBED data were taken on a Philips 400 electron microscope operated at 100kV, HREM data on a Hitachi 9000 microscope operated at 300kV. The EDS data confirmed the composition for the bulk of the material but, in addition, revealed particles with other fractions of the elements. Only the EuGaAl particles were further investigated. The unit cell was determined to be orthorhombic with a ratio: a/b=0.969(2) , a/c=0.234(2) and b/c=0.234(2). The lattice constants are a=4.54(5)Ȧ, b=4.68Ȧ and c=19.97(20)Ȧ. Based on systematic extinctions for hkl reflections with h+l=2n+l, the unit cell was found to be b-centered. CBED patterns of the [001], [100], and [010] zone axes are shown in Fig. 1. The zone axis patterns are in agreement with the above stated data except for diffused (2m+l,2n+l,0)- reflections, not compatible with the above stated systematic absences. But these occurred only occasionally in conjunction with a complicated noncommensurate superlattice pattern.

Images and Applications of Ion Explosion Spike Pits

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
P. Fraundorf ◽  
J. Tentschert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Coulomb Repulsion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nuclear Particle ◽  
Particle Tracks

Since the discovery of their etchability in the early 1960‘s, nuclear particle tracks in insulators have had a diverse and exciting history of application to problems ranging from the selective filtration of cancer cells from blood to the detection of 244Pu in the early solar system. Their usefulness stems from the fact that they are comprised of a very thin (e.g. 20-40Å) damage core which etches more rapidly than does the bulk material. In fact, because in many insulators tracks are subject to radiolysis damage (beam annealing) in the transmission electron microscope, the body of knowledge concerning etched tracks far outweighs that associated with latent (unetched) tracks in the transmission electron microscope.With the development of scanned probe microscopies with lateral resolutions on the near atomic scale, a closer look at the structure of unetched nuclear particle tracks, particularly at their point of interface with solid surfaces, is now warranted and we think possible. The ion explosion spike model of track formation, described loosely, suggests that a burst of ionization along the path of a charged particle in an insulator creates an electrostatically unstable array of adjacent ions which eject one another by Coulomb repulsion from substitutional into interstitial sites. Regardless of the mechanism, the ejection process which acts to displace atoms along the track core seems likely to operate at track entry and exit surfaces, with the added feature of mass loss at those surfaces as well. In other words, we predict pits whose size is comparable to the track core width.

Low-intensity ultrasound to induce proliferation and collagen Ι expression of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblast cells in co-culture

Measurement ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 108280
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hormozi-Moghaddam ◽  
Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji ◽  
Mohammad-Ali Nilforoshzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Bakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF MCF7 AND MCF10A RESPONSE TO LOW INTENSITY ULTRASOUND

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950057
Author(s):  
MARIANTONIETTA IVONE ◽  
LUCIANO LAMBERTI ◽  
CARMINE PAPPALETTERE ◽  
MARIANO FRANCESCO CARATOZZOLO ◽  
APOLLONIA TULLO
Keyword(s):  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Cell Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fixed Power ◽  
Breast Cells ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

The low-intensity ultrasound effects on MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and MCF10A (healthy breast cells) have been investigated at different sonication protocol to probe the effectiveness and the selectivity of the ultrasound (US) treatment and to understand the implications between cell mortality, biomechanical interactions and cell elastic modulus. Experiments performed at fixed and variable frequency demonstrated the effectiveness of some protocols in killing carcinogenic cells and the healthy cells insensitivity. Variation of elastic properties of MCF7 cells exposed to US under varying sonication conditions was examined. Sonication was carried out at fixed frequency (as it is usually done in therapy protocols), between 400[Formula: see text]kHz and 620[Formula: see text]kHz, following two protocols: (i) at fixed power output; (ii) at fixed voltage of the US generator. Evolution of cell stiffness during the US treatment was monitored via atomic force spectroscopy (AFS). It was found that cell mortality has a similar trend of variation with respect to sonication frequency regardless of the way specimens are exposed to US. Mechanical properties do not show a uniform trend with respect to frequency, but variations of Young’s modulus are more marked near the very low (400–480) kHz or very high frequencies (580–620) kHz. The observed variations may be related to mechanical interactions occurring in the cell culture, suggesting a primacy of the environment on other factors.

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