scholarly journals Identification of floR Variants Associated With a Novel Tn4371-Like Integrative and Conjugative Element in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changrui Qian ◽  
Hongmao Liu ◽  
Jiawei Cao ◽  
Yongan Ji ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Elements ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Clinical Pathogens ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Element

Florfenicol is widely used to control respiratory diseases and intestinal infections in food animals. However, there are increasing reports about florfenicol resistance of various clinical pathogens. floR is a key resistance gene that mediates resistance to florfenicol and could spread among different bacteria. Here, we investigated the prevalence of floR in 430 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from human clinical samples and identified three types of floR genes (designated floR, floR-T1 and floR-T2) in these isolates, with floR-T1 the most prevalent (5.3%, 23/430). FloR-T2 was a novel floR variant identified in this study, and exhibited less identity with other FloR proteins than FloRv. Moreover, floR-T1 and floR-T2 identified in P. aeruginosa strain TL1285 were functionally active and located on multi-drug resistance region of a novel incomplete Tn4371-like integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) in the chromosome. The expression of the two floR variants could be induced by florfenicol or chloramphenicol. These results indicated that the two floR variants played an essential role in the host’s resistance to amphenicol and the spreading of these floR variants might be related with the Tn4371 family ICE.

scholarly journals Identification of floR Variants Associated with Tn4371-Like Integrative and Conjugative Elements in Human Clinical Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changrui Qian ◽  
Hongmao Liu ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Jiawei Cao ◽  
Junwan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Elements ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Genetic Context ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Element

Abstract Background: Florfenicol is widely used to control respiratory diseases and intestinal infections in food animals. However, dramatic and serious florfenicol resistance in various clinical strains was reported. As a key resistance gene for florfenicol, floR has often been associated with mobile genetic elements. To analyze the potential transmission of floR, we investigated floR gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from human clinical samples and characterize two floR variants, floR-T1 and floR-T2.Methods: Pooled genomic DNA sequencing and PCR were used to analyze the floR gene in P. aeruginosa. The floR variants were cloned, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to compare the gene expression of the two floR variants in TL1285 with or without florfenicol/chloramphenicol. Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify the genetic context of the floR variants in TL1285.Results: Three types of floR variants (designated floR, floR-T1 and floR-T2) were identified in the clinical P. aeruginosa isolates, and floR-T1 was the most prevalent variant. The positive rates of the floR-T1 gene in the P. aeruginosa strains collected in 2008-2009 and 2015-2017 were 3.00% (6/200) and 7.39% (17/230), respectively. FloR-T2 exhibited less identity with other FloR proteins than FloRv. The two floR variants, floR-T1 and floR-T2, in P. aeruginosa TL1285 were functionally active and located on a novel incomplete Tn4371 family integrative and conjugative element (ICE). The expression of the two floR variants could be induced by florfenicol and chloramphenicol at different levels.Conclusions: Two floR variants, floR-T1 and floR-T2, were identified in a clinical P. aeruginosa strain. Tn4371 family ICEs contribute to the dissemination of resistance genes among P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial resistance could be transmitted from animal bacteria to human pathogens, posing a severe threat to public health.

scholarly journals An usual approach to treatment of a case of multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis: parenteral and intraperitoneal aminoglycosides and parenteral colistin

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian May ◽  
Maha Abu-Khdeir ◽  
Roland Alexander Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Polymyxin E

Infections caused by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>are becoming more common and increasingly more difficult to treat due to the continued development of drug resistance. While sensitivity to colistin (polymyxin E) is well known, it is frequently avoided due to concerns of nephrotoxicity. Reported here is a case of a multi-drug resistance pseudomonal typhlitis, bacteremia and pleural cavity infection that required significant intensive care, and serial abdominal washouts. Intra-peritoneal tobramycin in combination with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics including colistin were used. Several instillations of tobramycin into the abdominal cavity along with concomitant IV administration of colistin, ceftazidime and tobramycin and<em> per os</em> colistin, tobramycin and nystatin resulted in the clearance of the pseudomonal infection without any evidence of toxicity from the treatment. Intra-abdominal tobramycin with parenteral colistin therapy can be used in complicated clinical settings with appropriate nephroprotection.

scholarly journals To determine antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production among coagulase negative staphylococci at a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Naga Sri Latha Bathala ◽  
M Sasidhar ◽  
S Kusuma Bai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional

CoNS are gaining importance due to increase in resistance rates to betalactam antibiotics and multi drug resistance. Although specific virulence factors are not as clearly established, it seems clear that factors such as bacterial polysaccharide components, and ability to form biofilm are involved in attachment and/or persistence of bacteria on foreign materials. Biofilms usually result in persistent infections that cannot be easily resolved with standard antibiotic treatments; therefore, the biofilm formation ability and the resistance to antimicrobial therapy can be intimately related. A prospective cross-sectional study was done on purely isolated CoNS from various clinical samples from both out patients and inpatients. All the test strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The ability to produce biofilm was detected by tube adherence method. Among 193 CoNS isolates 156 were from inpatients and 37 were from out patients. Methicillin resistant was seen in 80.31%. Of the total, 40.41% showed moderate biofilm formation by tube adherence method. 23.32% of isolates did not form biofilm. All the isolates from blood samples showed moderate (20/26) and strong (6/26) biofilm formation. Among non biofilm producers 66.67% were MS CoNS isolates and 33.33% were MRCoNS. 94.59% of biofilm producers were MRCoNS and 5.41% were MSCoNS. Production of biofilm was relatively more (1.16) among CoNS isolates of IPD than OPD.  As Coagulase negative Staphylocooci are exhibiting multi drug resistance and are able to form biofilm, these organisms causing a major challenge for the physicians. Hence, such problems can be prevented by detection of biofilm producers and appropriate antibiotic doses modification. The issue of antibiotic resistance among CoNS needs to be addressed through a more rational use of existing antibiotics as well as the development of new antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
M. ABDUR RAHMAN ◽  
POOJA NAIR
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Pseudomonas Species

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the commonest agent causing opportunistic nosocomial infections, contributing to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Along with its intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms, infections caused by Pseudomonas species further lead to treatment failure. This study was done to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of different species of Pseudomonas isolated from various clinical samples by phenotypic methods. Methods: This study involved the examination of clinical samples for various species of Pseudomonas by using different standard biochemical tests. Their antimicrobial susceptibility profile was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Analysis of the antibiogram pattern was done to study the multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas species. Results: Out of the 1249 bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas species accounted for 12.9%. Pseudomonas species showed maximum resistance to gentamicin (31.4%), followed by ciprofloxacin (30.2%. and showed the least resistance tocolistin and polymyxin B. 46 isolates out of the 162 (28%) were found to be Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: The present study highlights that Pseudomonas species remains a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Multidrug resistance was observed in most of the strains, which makes the therapeutic options more difficult. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and strict infection control measures are essentially to be practiced in managing and control of infections caused by Pseudomonas.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cuorum Sensing-Dependent Virulence Factors and Drug Resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
José José de Jesús Alba-Romero ◽  
Pablo Ruiz-Flores ◽  
Graciela Castro-Escarpulli ◽  
Sandra Isabel Hernández-González ◽  
Aurora Martínez-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Protein Analysis ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactamase

The objective was to analyze the virulence factors dependent on Cuorum Sensing and drug resistance in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Virulence factors such as pyocyanin, beta-lactamase, biofilm, and antibiotic resistance were determined in 95 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from hospitalized patients. Genus and species were identified by protein analysis by MALDI-TOF. 100% of the strains were resistant to at least one drug and the highest proportion was 32 strains resistant to 4 drugs and 5 resistant PAM strains. In the analysis of virulence factors, 98.8% produce at least one virulence factor and 48.9% are beta-lactamase producers. Therefore, it is concluded that P. aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical samples constitute a risk factor for hospitalized patients.

Exploration of the Pharmacodynamics for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Eradication by Tobramycin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Sindeldecker ◽  
Shaurya Prakash ◽  
Paul Stoodley
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen which is involved in numerous infections. It is of growing concern within the field of antibiotic resistant and tolerance and often exhibits multi-drug resistance. Previous studies have shown the emergence of antibiotic resistant and tolerant variants within the zone of clearance of a biofilm lawn after exposure to aminoglycosides. As concerning as the tolerant variant emergence is, there was also a zone of killing (ZOK) immediately surrounding the antibiotic source from which no detectable bacteria emerged or were cultured. In this study, the ZOK was analyzed using both in vitro and in silico methods to determine if there was a consistent antibiotic concentration versus time constraint (area under the curve, (AUC)) which is able to completely kill all bacteria in the lawn biofilms in our in vitro model. Our studies revealed that by achieving an average AUC of 4,372.5 μg*hr/mL, complete eradication of biofilms grown on both agar and hydroxyapatite was possible. These findings show that appropriate antibiotic concentrations and treatment duration may be able to treat antibiotic resistant and tolerant biofilm infections.

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