scholarly journals Molecular Characterization Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children Living in Southwest China During 2017-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Yan ◽  
Yali Cui ◽  
Xiaocui Huang ◽  
Shikun Lei ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
High Morbidity

BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen causing high morbidity and high mortality in children and undergoes frequent recombination for capsule switching to neutralize the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and molecular characteristics including serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolated from children living in Southwest China from 2017 to 2019 to facilitate the selection of effective vaccine formulations and appropriate antibiotic treatment regimens.MethodsThis study was conducted at West China Second University Hospital (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China), Zunyi Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital/First People’s Hospital of Zunyi (Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China) and Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China). Demographic and clinical characteristics of children infected with S. pneumoniae were collected and analysed. Next-generation sequencing and sequence analysis were used to determine the serotypes, sequence types, antibiotic resistance and potential protein vaccine target genes of the pneumococcal isolates. The coverage rate provided by PCV13 was estimated by calculating the percentage of the specific serotypes that were specifically the PCV13-included serotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the microdilution broth method.ResultsThe most prevalent pneumococcal serotypes were 19F (25.8%), 19A (14.1%), 6B (12.5%), 6A (9.4%) and 14 (7.8%). The predominant STs were ST271 (23.3%), ST320 (15.5%) and ST90 (8.6%), dominated by the clonal complex Taiwan19F-14 (39.1%). The coverage rate of PCV13 was 77.3% in all the isolates, with relatively higher values in invasive isolates (86.4%). Over the decade, the rates of resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin and cefotaxime were 5.6%, 5.3% and 5.1%, respectively, with significantly higher values in invasive isolates (22.4%, 14.9% and 11.9%). Almost all the isolates were resistant to erythromycin (99.1%) and clindamycin (95.9%). All isolates carried virulence-related genes, including ply, psaA, piaA, piuA, phtE, nanA, pepO, danJ, pvaA, clpP, pcsB, stkP, potD, and strH. The carriage of virulence and resistance genes varied among serotypes and clades, with serotype 19F/ST271 showing higher resistance to antibiotics and being more likely to carry pilus genes and other virulence genes.ConclusionThese data provide valuable information for the understanding of pneumococcal pathogenesis, antimicrobial resistance and the development of protein-based vaccines against pneumococcal infection.

Invasive Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections in Pediatric Cancer Patients: High Morbidity and Mortality with Several Vaccine Failures.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3321-3321
Author(s):  
Lynn Weber ◽  
Charlet A. Allen ◽  
Patricia Ackerman ◽  
Yoav Messinger
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection

Abstract Invasive pneumococcal infections can be devastating in the setting of immune deficiency. These infections have been seen in pediatric oncology practices, but the outcome has not been reported. With the introduction of routine 7- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) the rate of pneumococcal infections dramatically decreased in the general pediatric population. It is unclear if a similar reduction in rate would be seen in pediatric oncology patients. A total of 44 pneumococcal infections occurred in 34 oncology patients at Childrens Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota over a 5-year period (5/1/2001 – 4/30/2006). Twenty-five episodes of invasive infection were identified in 24 patients, of which 4 (16.7%) required intensive care admissions and 2 of them died (8.3%). During this period 863 new malignancies were diagnosed, therefore our rate of invasive infection is estimated to be 28 per 1000 oncology patients. This is higher than the reported rate of 3.8 8.1 infections per 1000 stem cell transplantation patients. Fifteen patients (62%) with invasive infections were diagnosed with leukemia, of which 12 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The invasive infections occurred a median of 15.2 months (range 0–36) after diagnosis and the median patient age at time of infection was 5.6 years (range 1.5 - 14). The average length of hospitalization for patients was 8.3 days (range 0–38), with six patients receiving outpatient therapy alone. Pneumococcal serotypes were known in 21 of the 25 episodes of invasive pneumococcal infection and in 1 non-invasive infection. Of the 22 serotypes identified, 19 were covered by either PCV7 or the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PS23). Eleven patients who were immunized with either PCV7 or PS23 later developed a pneumococcal strain that should have been covered by the immunization. Three patients who received immunization acquired a strain of streptococcus pneumoniae not included in either vaccine. Invasive pneumococcal infection is a potentially preventable complication with a high morbidity and mortality. Use of PCV7 or PS23 may not prevent the development of pneumococcal infection in pediatric oncology patients with vaccine-susceptible strains. It is unclear whether immunization before and during the immunocompromised period results in protective immunity against streptococcus pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance profile and multidrug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected of pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekele Sharew ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Gizachew Yismaw ◽  
Wondwossen Abebe ◽  
Surafal Fentaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have become one of the greatest challenges to global public health today and inappropriate use of antibiotics and high level of antibiotic use is probably the main factor driving the emergence of resistance worldwide. The aim of this study is, therefore, to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles and multidrug resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected of pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based prospective study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 at Addis Ababa city and Amhara National Region State Referral Hospitals. Antimicrobial resistance tests were performed from isolates of S. pneumoniae that were collected from pediatric and adult patients. Samples (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, sputum, eye discharge, ear discharge, and pleural and peritoneal fluids) from all collection sites were initially cultured on 5% sheep blood agar plates and incubated overnight at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified and confirmed by typical colony morphology, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility, and bile solubility test. Drug resistance testing was performed using the E-test method according to recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results Of the 57 isolates, 17.5% were fully resistant to penicillin. The corresponding value for both cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was 1.8%. Resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 59.6%, 17.5%, 38.6%, 17.5 and 24.6%, respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 33.3% isolates. The most common pattern was co-resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. Conclusions Most S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Penicillin has been used as a drug of choice for treating S. pneumoniae infection. However, antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance was observed to several commonly used antibiotics including penicillin. Hence, it is important to periodically monitor the antimicrobial resistance patterns to select empirical treatments for better management of pneumococcal infection.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype-2 Childhood Meningitis in Bangladesh: A Newly Recognized Pneumococcal Infection Threat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e32134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir K. Saha ◽  
Hassan M. Al Emran ◽  
Belal Hossain ◽  
Gary L. Darmstadt ◽  
Senjuti Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection

scholarly journals Analysis and Prediction of “AI + Education” Attention Based on Baidu Index—Taking Guizhou Province as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Yulin Zhao ◽  
Junke Li ◽  
Jiang-E Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Elastic Coefficient ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Intelligence Education ◽  
Coefficient Method

Studying the attention of “artificial intelligence + education” in ethnic areas is of great significance for China for promoting the integrated development of new educational modes and modern technology in the western region. Guizhou province is an area inhabited by ethnic minorities, located in the heart of Southwest China. The development of its intelligent education has strong enlightenment for the whole country and the region. Therefore, this paper selects the Baidu Index of “artificial intelligence (AI) + education” in Guizhou province from 2013 to 2020, analyzes the spatial–temporal characteristics of its network attention by using the elastic coefficient method, and builds the ARIMA model on this basis to predict future development. The results show that the public’s attention to “AI + education” differs significantly in time and space. Then, according to the prediction results, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions for the country to promote the sustainable development of education in western ethnic areas.

scholarly journals The Respiratory Commensal Bacterium Dolosigranulum pigrum 040417 Improves the Innate Immune Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324
Author(s):  
Fernanda Raya Tonetti ◽  
Mikado Tomokiyo ◽  
Ramiro Ortiz Moyano ◽  
Sandra Quilodrán-Vega ◽  
Hikari Yamamuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Nasal Administration ◽  
Commensal Bacterium ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Previously, we demonstrated that the nasal administration of Dolosigranulum pigrum 040417 differentially modulated the respiratory innate immune response triggered by the activation of Toll-like receptor 2 in infant mice. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of D. pigrum 040417 in the context of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and characterize the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the immunomodulatory properties of this respiratory commensal bacterium. The nasal administration of D. pigrum 040417 to infant mice significantly increased their resistance to pneumococcal infection, differentially modulated respiratory cytokines production, and reduced lung injuries. These effects were associated to the ability of the 040417 strain to modulate AMs function. Depletion of AMs significantly reduced the capacity of the 040417 strain to improve both the reduction of pathogen loads and the protection against lung tissue damage. We also demonstrated that the immunomodulatory properties of D. pigrum are strain-specific, as D. pigrum 030918 was not able to modulate respiratory immunity or to increase the resistance of mice to an S. pneumoniae infection. These findings enhanced our knowledge regarding the immunological mechanisms involved in modulation of respiratory immunity induced by beneficial respiratory commensal bacteria and suggested that particular strains could be used as next-generation probiotics.

Microbial exposure early in life regulates airway inflammation in mice after infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae with enhancement of local resistance

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. L67-L78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuki Yasuda ◽  
Yoko Matsumura ◽  
Kazuki Kasahara ◽  
Noriko Ouji ◽  
Shigeki Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Hygiene Hypothesis ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Innate Resistance ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Microbial Extracts ◽  
Microbial Exposure

The immunological explanation for the “hygiene hypothesis” has been proposed to be induction of T helper 1 (Th1) responses by microbial products. However, the protective results of hygiene hypothesis-linked microbial exposures are currently shown to be unlikely to result from a Th1-skewed response. Until now, effect of microbial exposure early in life on airway innate resistance remained unclear. We examined the role of early life exposure to microbes in airway innate resistance to a respiratory pathogen. Specific pathogen-free weanling mice were nasally exposed to the mixture of microbial extracts or PBS (control) every other day for 28 days and intratracheally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae 10 days after the last exposure. Exposure to microbial extracts facilitated colonization of aerobic gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic microorganisms, and Lactobacillus in the airway, compared with control exposure. In pneumococcal pneumonia, the exposure prolonged mouse survival days by suppressing bacterial growth and by retarding pneumococcal blood invasion, despite significantly low levels of leukocyte recruitment in the lung. Enhancement of airway resistance was associated with a significant decrease in production of leukocyte chemokine (KC) and TNFα, and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression/activation with enhancement of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP-3) activation. The exposure increased production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and monocyte chemoattractant-1 following infection. Furthermore, expression of Toll-like receptor 2, 4, and 9 was promoted by the exposure but no longer upregulated upon pneumococcal infection. Thus, we suggest that hygiene hypothesis is more important in regulating the PMN-dominant inflammatory response than in inducing a Th1-dominant response.

Research Paper DNA barcode identification of fish products from Guiyang markets in southwest China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Tang ◽  
Qi Luo ◽  
Qian Duan ◽  
Lei Deng ◽  
Renyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Fresh Frozen

Nowadays, the global fish consumption continues to rise along with the continuous growth of the population, which has led to the dilemma of overfishing of fishery resources. Especially high-value fish that are overfished are often replaced by other fish. Therefore, the accurate identification of fish products in the market is a problem worthy of attention. In this study, full-DNA barcoding (FDB) and mini-DNA barcoding (MDB) used to detect the fraud of fish products in Guiyang, Guizhou province in China. The molecular identification results showed that 39 of the 191 samples were not consistent with the labels. The mislabelling of fish products for fresh, frozen, cooked and canned were 11.70%, 20.00%, 34.09% and 50.00%, respectively. The average kimura 2 parameter distances of MDB within species and genera were 0.27% and 5.41%, respectively; while average distances of FDB were 0.17% within species and 6.17% within genera. In this study, commercial fraud is noticeable, most of the high-priced fish were replaced of low-priced fish with a similar feature. Our study indicated that DNA barcoding is a valid tool for the identification of fish products and that it allows an idea of conservation and monitoring efforts, while confirming the MDB as a reliable tool for fish products.

​Caprine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis (Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia CCPP)- A Global Perspective of the Disease, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Chemotherapy and Immunization: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shaheen ◽  
S. Bashir ◽  
N. Hassan ◽  
Z.A. Akhoon ◽  
A. Muhee
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Febrile Reaction ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Mycoplasma Infection ◽  
Mycoplasma Capricolum ◽  
Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Mycoplasma infection of the respiratory tract of goats is prevalent worldwide including the South Asian sub-continent. Owing to intensive and large scale goat farming, the incidence of the disease is on an increase. Among various species of mycoplasma, Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies Capri pneumoniae is increasingly incriminated in Contagious Caprine Pleurapneumonia (CCPP) in goat populations with considerable economic fallout in the form of high morbidity and mortality. The disease manifestations in caprines are recorded as anorexia, high febrile reaction and respiratory embarrassment in the shape of clinical dyspnoea, polypnea, paroxysmal cough and sero-purulent nasal discharges. The disease is thus contracted by the healthy animals through aerosol, contaminated feed and water sources in the herd premises, without a protective immunity and that the conferred immunity in recovered cases being short-lived. The true lesions of CCPP are confined to the lung alveolar tissues of infected goats, which distinguish it from other respiratory diseases of small ruminants caused by the members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Atypical pneumonia caused by the mycoplasma infection of goats, also known as Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) has been more often reported from Africa and Asia than Europe. Classical, acute CCPP attributed to Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capri pneumoniae, originally known asthe F38 biotype (World Organisation for Animal Health, 2008) causes heavy kid mortality. Two other organisms in this group, M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony type, can cause disease in small ruminants that clinico-pathologically mimics CCPP but may have extra pulmonary signs and lesions, sometimes. Mycoplasma Capri pneumoniae and other members of the M. mycoides cluster cross-react in serological tests and share biochemical and genetic similarities. The most favourable epidemiological scenario in the Sub-continent is the hot humid climate during monsoons. The diversity and multi-etiological subspecies involved in the disease is detrimental in the development of an effective vaccine even though in some places a liquid vaccine is presently in use. At other places, anti-mycoplasmal antibiotics of aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone and perhaps the macrolide groups remain to be the main option in preventing flock mortalities.

scholarly journals Assignment of Weight-Based Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 Units in Antipneumococcal Reference Serum Lot 89-S(F) for Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Serotypes 1, 4, 5, 7F, 9V, and 18C

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Sikkema ◽  
Nancy A. Ziembiec ◽  
Thomas R. Jones ◽  
Stephen W. Hildreth ◽  
Dace V. Madore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Standardization Method ◽  
Igg2 Antibody ◽  
Reference Serum

ABSTRACT Weight-based assignments for immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 subclass antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides (PnPs) in antipneumococcal standard reference serum lot 89-S (lot 89-S), also known as lot 89-SF, have been determined for serotypes 1, 4, 5, 7F, 9V, and 18C. This extends the usefulness of lot 89-S beyond the IgG1 and IgG2 subclass assignments for serotypes 3, 6B, 14, 19F, and 23F made previously (A. Soininen, H. Kayhty, I. Seppala, and T. Wuorimaa, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5:561-566, 1998) to cover 11 major serotypes associated with the highest percentage of pneumococcal disease worldwide. A method of equivalence of absorbances in enzyme immunosorbent assays was used to determine the IgG1 and IgG2 antibody concentrations for the additional serotypes in lot 89-S, based on the subclass values previously assigned for PnPs serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F. This cross-standardization method assures consistency with previous antibody assignments in that reference serum. The newly assigned subclass values for serotype 9V, and previously assigned values for serotype 14, were used to quantitate PnPs antibodies in sera from adult and pediatric subjects immunized with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. There was a predominance of IgG1 anti-PnPs antibodies in pediatric sera and IgG2 anti-PnPs antibodies in the adult sera. The IgG1 and IgG2 subclass assignments for the 11 PnPs serotypes in antipneumococcal standard reference serum lot 89-S are useful for quantitating and characterizing immune responses to pneumococcal infection and vaccination regimens.

Chemical characteristics of rainwater in karst rural areas, Guizhou Province, Southwest China

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin Lü ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Qixin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Chemical Characteristics
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