scholarly journals The Interplay Between Adipose Tissue and Vasculature: Role of Oxidative Stress in Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
Huige Li ◽  
Ning Xia
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Relationship

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Obesity and its related metabolic syndrome are well-established risk factors for CVDs. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiological role of adipose tissues is of great importance in maintaining cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress, characterized by excessive formation of reactive oxygen species, is a common cellular stress shared by obesity and CVDs. While plenty of literatures have illustrated the vascular oxidative stress, very few have discussed the impact of oxidative stress in adipose tissues. Adipose tissues can communicate with vascular systems, in an endocrine and paracrine manner, through secreting several adipocytokines, which is largely dysregulated in obesity. The aim of this review is to summarize current understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress in obesity and vascular endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we briefly describe the possible causes of oxidative stress in obesity, and the impact of obesity-induced oxidative stress on adipose tissue function. We also summarize the crosstalk between adipose tissue and vasculature mediated by adipocytokines in vascular oxidative stress. In addition, we highlight the potential target mediating adipose tissue oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Gormony zhirovoy tkani i funktsional'nayaaktivnost' shchitovidnoy zhelezy

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Petunina ◽  
N E Al'tshuler ◽  
N G Rakova ◽  
L V Trukhina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tissue Hormones

The review presents a recent data from the literature on the physiologic and pathophysiologic role of adipose tissue hormones (adiponectin, resistin, leptin). The article details the role of adipocytokines in atherogenesis. It also presents the results of studies depicting the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance as well as the impact of thyroid dysfunction upon the secretion of adipocytokines.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Adipocyte Biology: Focus on the Role of AGEs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Boyer ◽  
Jennifer Baraka Vidot ◽  
Alexis Guerin Dubourg ◽  
Philippe Rondeau ◽  
M. Faadiel Essop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Diabetes Progression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Diabetes is a major health problem that is usually associated with obesity, together with hyperglycemia and increased advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation. Elevated AGEs elicit severe downstream consequences via their binding to receptors of AGEs (RAGE). This includes oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of biological compounds together with heightened inflammation. For example, albumin (major circulating protein) undergoes increased glycoxidation with diabetes and may represent an important biomarker for monitoring diabetic pathophysiology. Despite the central role of adipose tissue in many physiologic/pathologic processes, recognition of the effects of greater AGEs formation in this tissue is quite recent within the obesity/diabetes context. This review provides a brief background of AGEs formation and adipose tissue biology and thereafter discusses the impact of AGEs-adipocyte interactions in pathology progression. Novel data are included showing how AGEs (especially glycated albumin) may be involved in hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage in adipocytes and its potential links to diabetes progression.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial oxidative stress in obesity: role of the mineralocorticoid receptor

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (3) ◽  
pp. R143-R159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Lefranc ◽  
Malou Friederich-Persson ◽  
Roberto Palacios-Ramirez ◽  
Aurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Obesity is a multifaceted, chronic, low-grade inflammation disease characterized by excess accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissue. It is often associated with the development of cardiovascular (CV) disorders, insulin resistance and diabetes. Under pathological conditions like in obesity, adipose tissue secretes bioactive molecules called ‘adipokines’, including cytokines, hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is evidence suggesting that oxidative stress, in particular, the ROS imbalance in adipose tissue, may be the mechanistic link between obesity and its associated CV and metabolic complications. Mitochondria in adipose tissue are an important source of ROS and their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-related type 2 diabetes. Mitochondrial function is regulated by several factors in order to preserve mitochondria integrity and dynamics. Moreover, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is over-activated in obesity. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiological role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the adipose tissue and its contribution to obesity-associated metabolic and CV complications. More specifically, we discuss whether dysregulation of the mineralocorticoid system within the adipose tissue may be the upstream mechanism and one of the early events in the development of obesity, via induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus impacting on systemic metabolism and the CV system.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Personalized Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Emerging Role of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Mokondjimobe ◽  
Benjamin Longo-Mbenza ◽  
Jean Akiana ◽  
Ulrich Oswald Ndalla ◽  
Regis Dossou-Yovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The objectives were (i) to evaluate the impact of acute pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and anti-TB therapy on the relationship between AST, ALT, and GGT levels in absence of conditions related to hepatotoxicity; (ii) to evaluate the rate and the time of alterations of AST, ALT, and GGT.Design and Methods. A prospective followup of 40 adults (21 males; mean age of34.7±5.8years) with active PTB on initial phase and continuation phase anti-TB.Results. Only 3% (n=1) developed a transient and benign ADR at day 30 without interruption of anti-TB treatment. Within normal ranges, GGT decreased significantly from day 0 to day 60, while AST and ALT increased significantly and respectively. During day 0–day 60, there was a significant, negative, and independent association between GGT and AST.Conclusion. The initial two months led to significant improvement of oxidative stress. Values of oxidative markers in normal ranges might predict low rate of ADR.

scholarly journals Exercise in the Metabolic Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Golbidi ◽  
Azam Mesdaghinia ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Muscular Metabolism

The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension that is occurring in increasing frequency across the global population. Although there is some controversy about its diagnostic criteria, oxidative stress, which is defined as imbalance between the production and inactivation of reactive oxygen species, has a major pathophysiological role in all the components of this disease. Oxidative stress and consequent inflammation induce insulin resistance, which likely links the various components of this disease. We briefly review the role of oxidative stress as a major component of the metabolic syndrome and then discuss the impact of exercise on these pathophysiological pathways. Included in this paper is the effect of exercise in reducing fat-induced inflammation, blood pressure, and improving muscular metabolism.

scholarly journals Management of Oxidative Stress: Crosstalk Between Brown/Beige Adipose Tissues and Skeletal Muscles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruping Pan ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

Exercise plays an important role in the physiology, often depending on its intensity, duration, and frequency. It increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, it also increases antioxidant enzymes involved in the oxidative damage defense. Prolonged, acute, or strenuous exercise often leads to an increased radical production and a subsequent oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles, while chronic regular or moderate exercise results in a decrease in oxidative stress. Notably, under pathological state, such as obesity, aging, etc., ROS levels could be elevated in humans, which could be attenuated by proper exercise. Significantly, exercise stimulates the development of beige adipose tissue and potentially influence the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is known to be conducive to a metabolic balance through non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and may protect from oxidative stress. Exercise-related balance of the ROS levels is associated with a healthy metabolism in humans. In this review, we summarize the integrated effects of exercise on oxidative metabolism, and especially focus on the role of brown and beige adipose tissues in this process, providing more evidence and knowledge for a better management of exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Peranan Whistleblowing Dalam Meningkatkan Integriti Anggota Polis Diraja Malaysia (Pdrm): Kajian Ke Atas Kontinjen Perak

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Megat Ayop Megat Arifin ◽  
Abd. Halim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Positive Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Whitsleblowing is one of the positive practices in organizations that are able to raise the level of integrity among the members of an organization. However, the roles of whistleblowing also inevitably invites a response, especially among members of the organization itself. This is because such practices are viewed as one factor that may be detrimental to the organization in addition to revealing the reporter (whistleblower) to some external threats and intimidation of discrimination within the organization. This paper is an attempt to examine the relationship between perceptions of members of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) Contingent of Perak through the role of whistleblowing practices to increase the perception of the integrity of the members. Next, identify the purpose of the whistleblowing and its effect on the integrity of the members of the organization. This study used a descriptive quantitative analysis to identify patterns of relationship that exists between the perception of whistleblowing practices with perceptions of increased integrity based on three basic variables of demographic factors, response to whistleblowing and the impact of making the report. The results showed that members of the Perak’s police have a positive perception of whistleblowing practices which are seen to be done in improving the integrity of the members.Keywords: whistleblowing, perception, RMP members, culture, integrity, organization, influence. ABSTRAK: Whitsleblowing merupakan salah satu amalan positif dalam organisasi yang mampu untuk meningkatkan tahap integriti ahli-ahli dalam sesebuah organisasi. Namun begitu, amalan whistleblowing juga turut tidak dapat mengelak daripada mengundang pelbagai respon khususnya dalam kalangan ahli organisasi itu sendiri. Amalan sebegini turut dilihat sebagai salah satu faktor yang boleh memudaratkan organisasi di samping mendedahkan pelapor (whistleblower) kepada beberapa bentuk ancaman ugutan dari luar dan diskriminasi dalam organisasi. Kertas ini merupakan satu upaya untuk melihat perkaitan antara persepsi anggota Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) Kontinjen Perak melalui peranan amalan whistleblowing terhadap persepsi peningkatan integriti anggota. Seterusnya, mengenalpasti maksud whistleblowing dan pengaruhnya terhadap tahap integriti anggota dalam organisasi. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif berbentuk deskriptif bagi mengenalpasti corak hubungan yang wujud antara persepsi terhadap amalan whistleblowing dengan persepsi terhadap peningkatan integriti berdasarkan tiga pembolehubah asas iaitu faktor demografi, tanggapan terhadap whistleblowing dan kesan daripada tindakan membuat laporan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa anggota PDRM Perak mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap whistleblowing yang mana ianya dilihat perlu dilaksanakan dalam meningkatkan integriti anggota.Kata kunci: whistleblowing, persepsi, amalan, anggota PDRM, budaya, integriti, organisasi, pengaruh.  

An Analytical Approach to Cruise Tourism As an Option For Development: a Case Study of the Sultanate of Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Heba Aziz ◽  
Osman El-Said ◽  
Marike Bontenbal
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Expenditure ◽  
Return Intention

The objective of this study was to measure the level of cruise tourists' satisfaction as well as the relationship between satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. Also, the impact of factors such as nationality, length of the visit, and age on the level of expenditure was measured. An empirical approach for data collection was followed and a total of 152 questionnaires were collected from cruise tourists visiting the capital city of Oman, Muscat, as cruise liners anchor at Sultan Qaboos Port. Results of the regression analysis supported the existence of a causal relationship between satisfaction with destination attributes, overall satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. It was found that the average expenditure varies according to age and length of the visit. Recommendations for policy makers were suggested on how to increase the role of cruise tourism in strengthening the economy.

scholarly journals Be Aware of Burnout! The Role of Changes in Academic Burnout in Problematic Facebook Usage among University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8055
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Tomaszek ◽  
Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Burnout ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Social Motive ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Most previous research has examined the relationship between FB addiction and burnout level by conducting cross-sectional studies. Little is known about the impact of changes in burnout on FB addiction in an educational context. Through a two-way longitudinal survey of a student population sample (N = 115), this study examined the influence of changes in academic burnout over time and FB motives and importance (measured at the beginning and the end of the semester) on FB intrusion measured at the end of the academic semester. The findings show that: (1) increases in cynicism and in FB motives and importance significantly predicted time2 FB intrusion; (2) FB importance enhanced the prediction power of changes in the academic burnout total score, exhaustion and personal inefficacy, and reduced the regression coefficient of changes in cynicism; (3) the interaction effects between FB social motive use and changes in academic burnout, as well as between FB importance and personal inefficacy and exhaustion, accounted for a significant change in the explained variance of time2 FB intrusion. About 20–30% of the variance in time2 FB intrusion was explained by all the examined variables and by the interactions between them. The results suggest that changes in academic burnout and FB motives and importance are suppressive variables, as including these variables in the regression model all together changed the significance of the relationship between independent variables and FB intrusion.

scholarly journals Formation of an Export-Oriented Agricultural Economy and Regional Open Innovations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Victor L. Shabanov ◽  
Marianna Ya Vasilchenko ◽  
Elena A. Derunova ◽  
Andrey P. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the work is to find relevant indicators for assessing the relationship between investments in fixed assets in agriculture, gross output of the industry, and agricultural exports using tools for modeling the impact of innovation and investment development on increasing production and export potential in the context of the formation of an export-oriented agricultural economy. The modeling methodology and the proposed estimating and forecasting tools for diagnosing and monitoring the state of sectoral and regional innovative agricultural systems are used to analyze the relationship between investments in fixed assets in agriculture, gross output of the industry, and agricultural exports based on the construction of the classification of Russian regions by factors that aggregate these features to diagnose incongruence problems and to improve institutional management in regional innovative export-oriented agrosystems. Based on the results of the factor analysis application, an underestimated role of indicators of investment in agriculture, the intensity and efficiency of agricultural production, were established. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, the established five groups of regions were identified, with significant differences in the level of investment in agriculture, the volume of production of the main types of agricultural products, and the export and exported food. The research results are of practical value for use in improving institutional management when planning reforms and transformations of regional innovative agrosystems.

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