scholarly journals Obesity Increases the Severity and Mortality of Influenza and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Xiaokun Gang ◽  
Guangyu He ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
You Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Odds Ratios

Since December 2019, COVID-19 has aroused global attention. Studies show the link between obesity and severe outcome of influenza and COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to compare the impacts of obesity on the severity and mortality of influenza and COVID-19 by performing a meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science from January 2009 to July 2020. The protocol was registered onto PROSPERO (CRD42020201461). After selection, 46 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed. We found obesity was a risk factor for the severity and mortality of influenza (ORsevere outcome = 1.56, CI: 1.28-1.90; ORmortality = 1.99, CI: 1.15-3.46). For COVID-19, obesity was a significant risk factor only for severe outcome (OR = 2.07, CI: 1.53-2.81) but not for mortality (OR = 1.57, CI: 0.85-2.90). Compared with obesity, morbid obesity was linked with a higher risk for the severity and mortality of both influenza (OR = 1.40, CI: 1.10-1.79) and COVID-19 (OR = 3.76, CI: 2.67-5.28). Thus, obesity should be recommended as a risk factor for the prognosis assessment of COVID-19. Special monitoring and earlier treatment should be implemented in patients with obesity and COVID-19.

scholarly journals Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric inpatients: A meta-analysis and systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Anjewierden ◽  
Zheyi Han ◽  
Charles B. Foster ◽  
Chaitanya Pant ◽  
Abhishek Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To summarize risk factors for Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) in hospitalized pediatric patients as determined by previous observational studies.Design:Meta-analysis and systematic review.Patients:Studies evaluating risk factors for CDI in pediatric inpatients were eligible for inclusion.Method:We systematically searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE for subject headings and text words related to CDI and pediatrics from 1975 to 2017. Two of the investigators independently screened studies, extracted and compiled data, assessed study quality, and performed the meta-analysis.Results:Of the 2,033 articles screened, 14 studies reporting 10,531,669 children met the inclusion criteria. Prior antibiotic exposure (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–3.52) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07–1.64) were associated with an increased risk of CDI in children. Subgroup analyses using studies reporting only adjusted results suggested that prior antibiotic exposure is not a significant risk factor for CDI. H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.31–5.98) and that female gender (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74–1.03) did not play a significant role as a risk factor for developing CDI.Conclusion:Prior antibiotic exposure appears to be an important risk factor for CDI based on the combined analysis but not significant using adjusted studies. PPI use was associated with an increased risk of CDI. Judicious and appropriate use of antibiotics and PPIs may help reduce the risk of CDI in this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilárd Váncsa ◽  
Dávid Németh ◽  
Péter Hegyi ◽  
Zsolt Szakács ◽  
Ádám Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Predictive Risk Factor ◽  
Direct Acting

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are still at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sustained virologic response (SVR). This study aimed to investigate the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a potential predictive risk factor in developing de novo HCC in HCV-infected patients after DAA treatment.Methods: This study was registered on PROSPERO under registration number CRD42021230457. We performed a systematic search in four medical databases from inception through November 3rd, 2020. Studies were eligible if they reported on HCV-infected patients treated with DAAs and compared the frequency of de novo HCC in patients with and without DM. We calculated pooled odds ratios, unadjusted (UHR), and adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in meta-analysis.Results: We included 30 articles in our systematic review and meta-analysis. DM proved to be a significant risk factor of HCC in DAA-treated HCV patients in unadjusted (UHR = 1.44, CI: 1.15–1.79) and adjusted analyses (AHR = 1.31, CI: 1.06–1.62). In the group of patients achieving SVR after DAA therapy, DM increased the risk of HCC in unadjusted (UHR = 1.3, CI: 1.09–1.51) analysis; however, in adjusted results, the risk was non-significant (AHR = 1.07, CI: 0.89–1.28). In patients with advanced liver fibrosis, DM was a risk factor for HCC in adjusted (AHR = 1.36, CI: 1.03–1.8), but not in unadjusted analysis (UHR = 1.11, CI: 0.8–1.42).Conclusions: DM is an independent risk factor of de novo HCC after DAA treatment in HCV-infected patients.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=230457, identifier: CRD42021230457.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Emily S. Heilbrunn ◽  
Anna E. Ssentongo ◽  
Shailesh Advani ◽  
Vernon M. Chinchilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractSusceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the risk of mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) is largely unknown. PLWHA are unique due to their altered immune system from their history of chronic HIV infection and their use of antiretroviral therapy, some of which have been used experimentally to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the epidemiology of SARS-COV-2/HIV coinfection and estimate associated mortality from COVID-19 (Prospero Registration ID: CRD42020187980). PubMed, SCOPUS, OVID and Cochrane Library databases, and medRxiv preprint repositories were searched from January 1, 2020, to December 12, 2020. Data were extracted from studies reporting COVID-19 attack and mortality rates in PLWHA compared to their HIV-negative counterparts. Pooled attack and mortality risks were quantified using random-effects models. We identified 22 studies that included 20,982,498 participants across North America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. The median age was 56 years, and 50% were male. HIV-positive persons had a significantly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [risk ratio (RR) 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46)] and mortality from COVID-19 (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.21–2.60) than HIV-negative individuals. The beneficial effects of tenofovir and protease-inhibitors in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death from COVID-19 in PLWHA remain inconclusive. HIV remains a significant risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. In support of the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, persons with HIV need priority consideration for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Morbid Obesity in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Significant Risk Factor for Re-Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary W. Sisko ◽  
Edward M. Vasarhelyi ◽  
Lyndsay E. Somerville ◽  
Douglas D. Naudie ◽  
Steven J. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Total Knee

scholarly journals Association between cumulative serum urate and development of diabetes type II: the Kailuan Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Yixuan Han ◽  
Yanying Liu ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Wenhao Yang ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii

Abstract Objective To explore whether cumulative serum urate (cumSU) is correlated with diabetes type II mellitus incidence. Methods In this study, we recruited individuals participating in all Kailuan health examinations from 2006 to 2013 without stroke, cancer, gestation, myocardial infarction, and diabetes type II diagnosis in the first three examinations. CumSU was calculated by multiplying the average serum urate concentration and the time between the two examinations (umol/L × year). CumSU levels were categorized into five groups: Q1–Q5. The effect of cumSU on diabetes type II incidence was estimated by logistic regression. Results A total of 36,277 individuals (27,077 men and 9200 women) participated in the final analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model showed the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of diabetes type II from Q1 to Q5 were 1.00 (reference), 1.25 (1.00 to 1.56), 1.43 (1.15 to 1.79), 1.49 (1.18 to 1.87), and 1.80 (1.40 to 2.32), respectively. Multivariable odds ratios per 1-standard deviation increase in cumSU were 1.26 (1.17 to 1.37) in all populations, 1.20 (1.10 to 1.32) for men, and 1.52 (1.27 to 1.81) for women, respectively. Conclusions CumSU is a significant risk factor for diabetes type II. Individuals with higher cumSU, especially women, are at a higher risk of diabetes type II independent of other known risk factors.Key Points• Cumulative exposure to serum urate is a significant risk factor for diabetes type II.• Individuals with higher cumSU, especially women, are at a higher risk of diabetes type II.

The Effect of Body Mass Index on Posttraumatic Transfusion after Pelvic Trauma

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin E. Richards ◽  
Brent J. Morris ◽  
Oscar D. Guillamondegui ◽  
Kyle R. Sweeney ◽  
Marc A. Tressler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pelvic Trauma ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
To Receive

The impact of body mass index (BMI) on posttraumatic blood transfusion after pelvic trauma is not well known. We conducted a retrospective review of trauma registry data over a 5-year period. Patients were stratified by BMI as normal: less than 25 kg/m2, overweight: 25 to 29.9 kg/m2, obese: 30 to 39.9 kg/m2, and morbidly obese: 40 kg/m2 or greater. Fractures were identified as “likely to receive transfusion” based on literature. Multivariable logistic regression modeling evaluated the relationship between BMI and initial posttraumatic transfusion. A second regression model was created to test the effect of BMI after adjusting for fractures “less likely to receive transfusion.” Sixty-six of 244 patients (27.3%) received transfusion (mean: 1.1 ± 2.3 units). Morbid obesity was associated with transfusion (less than 55.6 vs 24.8%; P < 0.05) and units of total blood transfused (2.2 ± 2.9 vs 1.0 ± 2.2 mL; P < 0.05). The average age of patients who received a blood transfusion was significantly older compared with patients who did not receive a transfusion (45.4 ± 18.8 vs 36.1 ± 16.1 years; P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, morbid obesity was a significant risk factor for transfusion (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 12.0). Adjusting by age and fracture patterns “less likely to receive transfusion,” morbid obesity remained a risk factor for transfusion (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 12.9). Morbid obesity represented a significant risk factor for posttraumatic transfusion in isolated pelvic trauma, even for fracture patterns “less likely to receive transfusion.”

scholarly journals Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Yan Liao ◽  
Qichen Dai ◽  
Shiyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Both smoking and insomnia are worldwide problems and this study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with incidence of insomnia (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR=2.09, 95% CI:0.44,9.95; ex-smoker; OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and region showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of insomnia in specific groups. Conclusions: Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

scholarly journals Global Status of Bufavirus, Cosavirus, and Saffold Virus in Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh ◽  
Alireza Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Human Cosavirus ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background: Bufavirus (BuV), Human Cosavirus (HCoSV), and Saffold (SAFV) virus are three newly discovered viruses and have been suggested as possible causes of gastroenteritis (GE) in some studies. The aim of the present study was to estimate the overall prevalence of viruses and their association with GE.Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google scholar between 2007 and 2021 to find studies on the prevalence of BuV, HCoSV, and SAFV viruses.Result: Meta-analysis of the 46 included studies showed the low prevalence of BuV (1.%, 95% CI 0.6–1.5%), HCoSV (0.8%, 95% CI 0.4–1.5%), and SAFV (1.9%, 95% CI 1.1–3.1%) worldwide. Also, no significant association between these viruses and GE was observed. BuV was isolated from patients with GE in Africa, while SAFV was more common in Europe. BuV1 and BuV2 have the same prevalence between the three identified genotypes of BuV. HCoSV-C was the most prevalent genotype of HCoSV, and SAFV2 was the commonest genotype of SAFV. All of these viruses were more prevalent in children older than 5 years of age.Conclusion: This was the first meta-analysis on the prevalence and association of BuV, HCoSV, and SAFV with GE. While no significant association was found between infection with these viruses and GE, we suggest more studies, especially with case-control design and from different geographical regions in order to enhance our knowledge of these viruses.

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