scholarly journals Circular RNA Foxo3: A Promising Cancer-Associated Biomarker

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianli Yang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Liuhua Zhou ◽  
Ruipeng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Downstream Gene Expression

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Emerging evidence demonstrates that circRNAs play crucial roles in many biological processes by regulating linear RNA transcription, downstream gene expression and protein or peptide translation. Meanwhile, recent studies have suggested that circRNAs have the potential to be oncogenic or anti-oncogenic and play vital regulatory roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. Circular RNA Forkhead box O3 (circ-Foxo3, hsa_circ_0006404) is encoded by the human FOXO3 gene and is one of the most studied circular RNAs acting as a sponge for potential microRNAs (miRNAs) (Du et al., 2016). Previous studies have reported that circ-Foxo3 is involved in the development and tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers (bladder, gastric, acute lymphocytic leukemia, glioma, etc.). In this review, we summarize the current studies concerning circ-Foxo3 deregulation and the correlative mechanism in various human cancers. We also point out the potential clinical applications of this circRNA as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals Identification and integrated analysis of neuropathic pain-related circular RNA signature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Zhimin Zhou ◽  
Junping Bao ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yuanbin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Microarray Datasets ◽  
Competitive Endogenous Rna

Abstract Background: More and more evidences show that non-coding RNAs are involved in neuropathic pain, however, there are few reports on the regulatory mechanism of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Methods: We collected neuropathic pain-related microarray datasets providing expression profile of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and mRNAs from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and then performed bioinformatics analysis on them. Results: The present study has identified that up-regulated circRNAs primarily regulate the activity of focal adhesion-associated biological processes and down-regulated primarily regulate the activity of metabolic-associated biological processes by means of ceRNAs. Conclusions: Our data suggest that circRNAs may be candidates for pathogenesis in neuropathic pain and may be considered as promising therapeutic targets in the future.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of MiR-192-5p in Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-jia Ren ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiao-yu Cai ◽  
Guo-ying Fang
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs that play an essential role in numerous biological processes by regulating the post-transcriptional expression of target genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-192-5p, a member of the miR-192 family, partakes in several human diseases, especially various cancers, including cancers of the lung, liver, and breast. Importantly, the levels of miR-192-5p are abundant in biofluids, including the serum and urine, and the exosomal levels of miR-192-5p in circulation can aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection disease. Notably, recent studies suggest that miR-192-5p is regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, there are no comprehensive overviews on the role of miR-192-5p in human diseases. This review discusses the significant studies on the role of miR-192-5p in various human diseases, with special emphasis on the diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems.

scholarly journals The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silu Chen ◽  
Shuai Ben ◽  
Junyi Xin ◽  
Shuwei Li ◽  
Rui Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Small Ncrnas ◽  
Bioinformatics Databases ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Proliferative Signaling

AbstractSmall non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of biological activities, and aberrant levels of small ncRNAs are commonly found in precancerous lesions and cancer. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small ncRNA initially discovered in germ cells that have a specific length (24–31 nucleotides), bind to PIWI proteins, and show 2′-O-methyl modification at the 3′-end. Numerous studies have revealed that piRNAs can play important roles in tumorigenesis via multiple biological regulatory mechanisms, including silencing transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene processes and accelerating multiprotein interactions. piRNAs are emerging players in the malignant transformation of normal cells and participate in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Most of the specific cancer hallmarks regulated by piRNAs are involved in sustaining proliferative signaling, resistance to cell death or apoptosis, and activation of invasion and metastasis. Additionally, piRNAs have been used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and have great potential for clinical utility. However, research on the underlying mechanisms of piRNAs in cancer is limited. Here, we systematically reviewed recent advances in the biogenesis and biological functions of piRNAs and relevant bioinformatics databases with the aim of providing insights into cancer diagnosis and clinical applications. We also focused on some cancer hallmarks rarely reported to be related to piRNAs, which can promote in-depth research of piRNAs in molecular biology and facilitate their clinical translation into cancer treatment.

scholarly journals DEBKS: A Tool to Detect Differentially Expressed Circular RNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelin Liu ◽  
Huiru Ding ◽  
Jianqi She ◽  
Chunhua Chen ◽  
Weiguang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in various biological processes and in disease pathogenesis. However, only a small number of functional circRNAs have been identified among hundreds of thousands of circRNA species, partly because most current methods are based on circular junction counts and overlook the fact that circRNA is formed from the host gene by back-splicing (BS). To distinguish between expression originating from BS and that from the host gene, we present DEBKS, a software program to streamline the discovery of differential BS between two rRNA-depleted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) sample groups. By applying real and simulated data and employing RT-qPCR for validation, we demonstrate that DEBKS is efficient and accurate in detecting circRNAs with differential BS events between paired and unpaired sample groups. DEBKS is available at https://github.com/yangence/DEBKS as open-source software.

scholarly journals The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Melika Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh ◽  
Chris Young ◽  
Hosna Babini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.

Circular RNAs: Promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 145365
Author(s):  
Guohao Wei ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Hai-Bo Hu ◽  
Jia-Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Prognosis

scholarly journals Emerging microRNA biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 180212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Chen ◽  
Zijing Xia ◽  
Ya-Nan Deng ◽  
Yanfang Yang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Recurrence Prediction ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one abundant class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which regulate various biological processes by inhibiting expression of target genes. miRNAs have important functional roles in carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and emerging evidence has indicated the feasibility of miRNAs as robust cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the progress in miRNA-related research, including study of its oncogene or tumour-suppressor roles and the advantages of miRNA biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, treatment and recurrence prediction. Along with analytical technique improvements in miRNA research, use of the emerging extracellular miRNAs is feasible for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals EVLncRNAs 2.0: an updated database of manually curated functional long non-coding RNAs validated by low-throughput experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (D1) ◽  
pp. D86-D91
Author(s):  
Bailing Zhou ◽  
Baohua Ji ◽  
Kui Liu ◽  
Guodong Hu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Network ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Visual Interaction ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Central Database ◽  
Data Browsing

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important functional roles in many diverse biological processes. However, not all expressed lncRNAs are functional. Thus, it is necessary to manually collect all experimentally validated functional lncRNAs (EVlncRNA) with their sequences, structures, and functions annotated in a central database. The first release of such a database (EVLncRNAs) was made using the literature prior to 1 May 2016. Since then (till 15 May 2020), 19 245 articles related to lncRNAs have been published. In EVLncRNAs 2.0, these articles were manually examined for a major expansion of the data collected. Specifically, the number of annotated EVlncRNAs, associated diseases, lncRNA-disease associations, and interaction records were increased by 260%, 320%, 484% and 537%, respectively. Moreover, the database has added several new categories: 8 lncRNA structures, 33 exosomal lncRNAs, 188 circular RNAs, and 1079 drug-resistant, chemoresistant, and stress-resistant lncRNAs. All records have checked against known retraction and fake articles. This release also comes with a highly interactive visual interaction network that facilitates users to track the underlying relations among lncRNAs, miRNAs, proteins, genes and other functional elements. Furthermore, it provides links to four new bioinformatics tools with improved data browsing and searching functionality. EVLncRNAs 2.0 is freely available at https://www.sdklab-biophysics-dzu.net/EVLncRNAs2/.

scholarly journals CircITCH: A Circular RNA With Eminent Roles in the Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Tayyebeh Khoshbakht ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Elena Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽  
Single Study ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of long non-coding RNAs with enclosed structure generated by back-splicing events. Numerous members of these transcripts have been shown to affect carcinogenesis. Circular RNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circITCH) is a circRNA created from back splicing events in ITCH gene, a protein coding gene on 20q11.22 region. ITCH has a role as a catalyzer for ubiquitination through both proteolytic and non-proteolytic routes. CircITCH is involved in the pathetiology of cancers through regulation of the linear isoform as well as serving as sponge for several microRNAs, namely miR-17, miR-224, miR-214, miR-93-5p, miR-22, miR-7, miR-106a, miR-10a, miR-145, miR-421, miR-224-5p, miR-197 and miR-199a-5p. CircITCH is also involved in the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways. Except from a single study in osteosarcoma, circITCH has been found to exert tumor suppressor role in diverse cancers. In the present manuscript, we provided a comprehensive review of investigations that reported function of circITCH in the carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Epigenetic Players With Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedeerya Aishanjiang ◽  
Xin-dong Wei ◽  
Yi Fu ◽  
Xinjie Lin ◽  
Yujie Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Novel Targets

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the lack of potent diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets, the overall prognosis of survival is poor in HCC patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structures and implicated in diverse physiological processes and pathological diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of circRNAs in HCC diagnosis, prognosis, development, and drug resistance, suggesting that circRNAs may be a class of novel targets for improving HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. In fact, some artificial circRNAs have been engineered and showed their therapeutic potential in treating HCV infection and gastric cancer. In this review, we introduce the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as therapeutic targets for HCC treatments and discuss the challenges in circRNA research and chances of circRNA application.

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