scholarly journals circTAF8 Regulates Myoblast Development and Associated Carcass Traits in Chicken

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Li ◽  
Weichen Huang ◽  
Zhijun Wang ◽  
Yangfeng Chen ◽  
Danfeng Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Primary Myoblasts ◽  
Leg Muscle

Recent studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in skeletal muscle development. CircRNA biogenesis is dependent on the genetic context. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the introns flanking circRNAs may be intermediate-inducible factors between circRNA expression and phenotypic traits. Our previous study showed that circTAF8 is an abundantly and differentially expressed circRNA in leg muscle during chicken embryonic development. Here, we aimed to investigate circTAF8 function in muscle development and the association of the SNPs in the circTAF8 flanking introns with carcass traits. In this study, we observed that overexpression of circTAF8 could promote the proliferation of chicken primary myoblasts and inhibit their differentiation. In addition, the SNPs in the introns flanking the circTAF8 locus and those associated with chicken carcass traits were analyzed in 335 partridge chickens. A total of eight SNPs were found associated with carcass traits such as leg muscle weight, live weight, and half and full-bore weight. The association analysis results of haplotype combinations were consistent with the association analysis of a single SNP. These results suggest that circTAF8 plays a regulatory role in muscle development. These identified SNPs were found correlated with traits to muscle development and carcass muscle weight in chickens.

scholarly journals <i>SIRT1</i> gene polymorphisms associated with carcass traits in Luxi cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifen Liu ◽  
Hongbo Zhao ◽  
Xiuwen Tan ◽  
Haijian Cheng ◽  
Wei You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. SIRT1 is the gene that codes for Sirtuin 1, an NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent class III histone deacetylase. This gene plays a key role in adipose tissue and muscle development in animals. Chinese Luxi cattle (n  =  169) were selected to identify SIRT1 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and investigate the relationship of these SNPs with carcass traits. Five SNPs (g.-382G  >  A, g.-274C  >  G, g.17324T  >  C, g.17379A  >  G, and g.17491G  >  A) were identified by direct sequencing. SNPs g.-382G  >  A and g.-274C  >  G were located within the promoter region of this gene. SNP g.-382G  >  A was significantly associated with dressing percentage, meat percentage, and striploin and ribeye weights, and the g.-274C  >  G polymorphism had a strong effect on carcass, tenderloin, and high rib weights in Luxi cattle. These findings will provide possible clues for the biological roles of SIRT1 underlying beef cattle carcass traits.

scholarly journals Predicting Growth and Carcass Traits in Swine Using Metagenomic Data and Machine Learning Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Duc Lu ◽  
Costantino Schillebeeckx ◽  
Nathan P McNulty ◽  
Clint Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Microbiome Composition

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we evaluated the power of metagenome measures taken at three time points over the growth test period (weaning, 15 and 22 weeks) to foretell growth and carcass traits in 1039 individuals of a line of crossbred pigs. We measured prediction accuracy as the correlation between actual and predicted phenotypes in a five-fold cross-validation setting. Phenotypic traits measured included live weight measures and carcass composition obtained during the trial as well as at slaughter. We employed a null model excluding microbiome information as a baseline to assess the increase in prediction accuracy stemming from the inclusion of operational taxonomic units (OTU) as predictors. We further contrasted performance of models from the Bayesian alphabet (Bayesian Lasso) as well machine learning approaches (Random Forest and Gradient Boosting) and semi-parametric kernel models (Reproducing Kernel Hilbert space). In most cases, prediction accuracy increased significantly with the inclusion of microbiome data. Accuracy was more substantial with the inclusion of metagenomic information taken at week 15 and 22, with values ranging from approximately 0.30 for loin traits to more than 0.50 for back-fat. Conversely, microbiome composition at weaning resulted in most cases in marginal gains of prediction accuracy, suggesting that later measures might be more useful to include in predictive models. Model choice affected predictions marginally with no clear winner for any model/trait/time point. We, therefore, suggest average prediction across models as a robust strategy in fitting metagenomic information. In conclusion, microbiome composition can effectively be used as a predictor of growth and composition traits, particularly for fatness traits. The inclusion of OTU predictors could potentially be used to promote fast growth of individuals while limiting fat accumulation. Early microbiome measures might not be good predictors of growth and OTU information might be best collected at later life stages. Future research should focus on the inclusion of both microbiome as well as host genome information in predictions, as well as the interaction between the two. Furthermore, the influence of microbiome on feed efficiency as well as carcass and meat quality should be investigated.

Growth of bovine tissues 2. Genetic influences on muscle growth and distribution in young bulls

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Berg ◽  
B. B. Andersen ◽  
T. Liboriussen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACTMuscle weight distribution was compared by jointing and complete tissue separation of carcasses from 277 young male progeny of eight sire breeds and two dam breeds, serially slaughtered at 300 kg live weight, 12 months and 15 months of age. The sire breeds were Simmental, Charolais, Danish Red and White, Romagnola, Chianina. Hereford, Blonde d'Aquitaine and Limousin; the dam breeds were Danish Red and Danish Black Pied.Growth impetus for muscle in each joint was established from the allometric equation (Y = aXb). Growth coefficients, b, were homogenous among breeds, indicating similar muscle development patterns over the range of weights studied. Growth impetus waves increased centripetally on the limbs, caudocephalically on the whole of the body (being more marked dorsally) and dorsoventrally on the trunk.There were small but significant breed differences in the proportion of muscle in different joints at similar total muscle weight. They probably reflect differences in maturity and other minor functional influences. Chianina and Hereford crosses were the two extremes for muscle distribution with many of the remaining breed groups being very similar. Differences were already established by 300 kg live weight and muscle growth patterns were similar among breeds over the range of the experiment.

scholarly journals Polymorphism, linkage mapping, and association analysis with carcass traits of four porcine candidate genes selected from gene-expression profiles of Czech Large White and Wild Boar muscles

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
P. Chalupová ◽  
V. Dvořáková ◽  
A. Knoll ◽  
A. Stratil ◽  
H. Bartenschlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
P Value ◽  
Large White

Genes that are expressed in skeletal muscles may play a role in prenatal muscle development and postnatal muscle growth and can be considered candidates for economically important traits. Four porcine genes that were differentially expressed in skeletal muscles of Czech Large White and Wild Boar (SORT1, EMP3, IL18, and BTG2) were selected to search for polymorphism, linkage assignment, and association analysis with carcass traits. Through comparative sequencing of portions of the genes numerous polymorphisms were revealed (SORT1 &ndash; 21, EMP3 &ndash; 6, IL18 &ndash; 41, BTG2 &ndash; 9). Linkage analysis in a Meishan &times; Pietrain F<sub>2</sub> pedigree showed the positions of the genes relative to other genes and markers on the respective chromosomes &ndash; SORT1 on SSC4, EMP3 on SSC6, IL18 and BTG2 on SSC9. Preliminary association analysis in pig commercial crosses with selected SNPs showed associations with several carcass traits at nominal P value of &lt; 0.05, which may indicate their involvement in muscle growth and fat deposition. The tested polymorphisms may not be causal for the associations, but they may be in linkage disequilibrium with causative mutations. &nbsp;

scholarly journals CircRILPL1 promotes muscle proliferation and differentiation via binding miR-145 to activate IGF1R/PI3K/AKT pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Shen ◽  
Jia Tang ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Xiaogang Wang ◽  
Zhaoxin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation

AbstractMany novel non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is important for its role in regulating skeletal muscle development. In this study, molecular and biochemical assays were used to confirm the role of miRNA-145 (miR-145) in myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. Based on sequencing data and bioinformatics analysis, we identified a new circRILPL1, which acts as a sponge for miR-145. The interactions between circRILPL1 and miR-145 were examined by bioinformatics, a luciferase assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation. Mechanistically, knockdown or exogenous expression of circRILPL1 in the primary myoblasts was performed to prove the functional significance of circRILPL1. We investigated the inhibitory effect of miR-145 on myoblast proliferation by targeting IGF1R to regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A novel circRILPL1 was identified that could sponge miR-145 and is related to AKT activation. In addition, circRILPL1 was positively correlated with muscle proliferation and differentiation in vitro and could inhibit cell apoptosis. The newly identified circRILPL1 functions as a miR-145 sponge to regulate the IGF1R gene and rescue the inhibitory effect of miR-145 on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby promoting myoblast growth.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Patterns of Homozygosity Reveal the Conservation Status in Five Italian Goat Populations

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Salvatore Mastrangelo ◽  
Rosalia Di Gerlando ◽  
Maria Teresa Sardina ◽  
Anna Maria Sutera ◽  
Angelo Moscarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Genomic Inbreeding

The application of genomic technologies has facilitated the assessment of genomic inbreeding based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this study, we computed several runs of homozygosity (ROH) parameters to investigate the patterns of homozygosity using Illumina Goat SNP50 in five Italian local populations: Argentata dell’Etna (N = 48), Derivata di Siria (N = 32), Girgentana (N = 59), Maltese (N = 16) and Messinese (N = 22). The ROH results showed well-defined differences among the populations. A total of 3687 ROH segments >2 Mb were detected in the whole sample. The Argentata dell’Etna and Messinese were the populations with the lowest mean number of ROH and inbreeding coefficient values, which reflect admixture and gene flow. In the Girgentana, we identified an ROH pattern related with recent inbreeding that can endanger the viability of the breed due to reduced population size. The genomes of Derivata di Siria and Maltese breeds showed the presence of long ROH (>16 Mb) that could seriously impact the overall biological fitness of these breeds. Moreover, the results confirmed that ROH parameters are in agreement with the known demography of these populations and highlighted the different selection histories and breeding schemes of these goat populations. In the analysis of ROH islands, we detected harbored genes involved with important traits, such as for milk yield, reproduction, and immune response, and are consistent with the phenotypic traits of the studied goat populations. Finally, the results of this study can be used for implementing conservation programs for these local populations in order to avoid further loss of genetic diversity and to preserve the production and fitness traits. In view of this, the availability of genomic data is a fundamental resource.

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