The Integration of Human and Veterinary Studies for Better Understanding and Management of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Outbreaks that occur as a result of zoonotic spillover from an animal reservoir continue to highlight the importance of studying the disease interface between species. One Health approaches recognise the interdependence of human and animal health and the environmental interplay. Improving the understanding and prevention of zoonotic diseases may be achieved through greater consideration of these relationships, potentially leading to better health outcomes across species. In this review, special emphasis is given on the emerging and outbreak pathogen Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV) that can cause severe disease in humans. We discuss the efforts undertaken to better understand CCHF and the importance of integrating veterinary and human research for this pathogen. Furthermore, we consider the use of closely related nairoviruses to model human disease caused by CCHFV. We discuss intervention approaches with potential application for managing CCHFV spread, and how this concept may benefit both animal and human health.

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A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health, public health, and One Health

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/10406387211003088 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104063872110030

Author(s):

Craig N. Carter ◽

Jacqueline L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Data Streams ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Large Data ◽

Health Impact ◽

The United States ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.

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Climate Change and Zoonoses: A Review of Concepts, Definitions, and Bibliometrics

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020893 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Walter Leal Filho ◽

Linda Ternova ◽

Sanika Arun Parasnis ◽

Marina Kovaleva ◽

Gustavo J. Nagy

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Disease Ecology ◽

One Health ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Animal Health ◽

Emerging Diseases ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

The Usa ◽

Author Keywords ◽

The Uk

Climate change can have a complex impact that also influences human and animal health. For example, climate change alters the conditions for pathogens and vectors of zoonotic diseases. Signs of this are the increasing spread of the West Nile and Usutu viruses and the establishment of new vector species, such as specific mosquito and tick species, in Europe and other parts of the world. With these changes come new challenges for maintaining human and animal health. This paper reports on an analysis of the literature focused on a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database and VOSviewer software for creating visualization maps which identifies the zoonotic health risks for humans and animals caused by climate change. The sources retained for the analysis totaled 428 and different thresholds (N) were established for each item varying from N 5 to 10. The main findings are as follows: First, published documents increased in 2009–2015 peaking in 2020. Second, the primary sources have changed since 2018, partly attributable to the increase in human health concerns due to human-to-human transmission. Third, the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, Italy, and Germany perform most zoonosis research. For instance, sixty documents and only 17 countries analyzed for co-authorship analysis met the threshold led by the USA; the top four author keywords were “climate change”, “zoonosis”, “epidemiology”, and “one health;” the USA, the UK, Germany, and Spain led the link strength (inter-collaboration); the author keywords showed that 37 out of the 1023 keywords met the threshold, and the authors’ keyword’s largest node of the bibliometric map contains the following: infectious diseases, emerging diseases, disease ecology, one health, surveillance, transmission, and wildlife. Finally, zoonotic diseases, which were documented in the literature in the past, have evolved, especially during the years 2010–2015, as evidenced by the sharp augmentation of publications addressing ad-hoc events and peaking in 2020 with the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Haemophagocytosis in a patient with Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.46910-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (8) ◽

pp. 1126-1128 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Atahan Cagatay ◽

Mahir Kapmaz ◽

Asli Karadeniz ◽

Seniha Basaran ◽

Mustafa Yenerel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Haemorrhagic Fever ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Patient History ◽

Endemic Region ◽

Cchf Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe disease with a case fatality of 2.8 to 80 %. A patient dwelling in an endemic region for CCHF was admitted with fever preceding bleeding diathesis and pancytopenia. Despite no history of tick exposure, CCHF was highly suspected. With an oral ribavirin therapy, clinical and laboratory improvements were obtained. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of IgM antibody to CCHF virus and positive RT-PCR. Although the main pathogenesis of CCHF infection is not elucidated yet, haemophagocytosis, a symptom rarely reported in viral haemorrhagic fevers, was observed in this case. Haemophagocytosis is suggested to have a role in the development of pancytopenia in CCHF, the mechanism of which still needs to be investigated, probably with cytokine studies. Together with clinical symptoms and patient history, haemophagocytosis may be an indicator for CCHF.

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Could Australian ticks harbour emerging viral pathogens?

Microbiology Australia ◽

10.1071/ma18060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

Caitlin A O'Brien ◽

Roy A Hall ◽

Ala Lew-Tabor

Keyword(s):

Disease Burden ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Haemorrhagic Fever ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

The Us ◽

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽

Severe Fever

Tick-borne viruses contribute significantly to the disease burden in Europe, Asia and the US. Historically, some of the most well-known viruses from this group include the human pathogens, tick-borne encephalitis virus and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. More recently multiple emerging tick-borne viruses have been associated with severe disease in humans with Bourbon virus and Heartland virus isolated from patients in the US and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus reported from China, Japan, and South Korea. Such examples highlight the need for broader approaches to survey arthropod pathogens, to encompass not only known but novel pathogens circulating in Australian tick populations.

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Zoonotic diseases: a one health perspective.

CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources ◽

10.1079/pavsnnr202116027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (027) ◽

Author(s):

Assadullah Samadi

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Animal Products ◽

Governmental Organization ◽

Animal Populations ◽

Important Health ◽

Important Health Issue ◽

Key Indicators ◽

Control And Management

Abstract The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases including zoonoses and persistence of neglected zoonotic diseases threaten the global health and economy of rural societies now more than any time in the history of humanity. Animals are the main reservoirs of zoonotic disease agents, and zoonotic pathogens are transmitted to humans by direct contacts with infected animals or indirectly through animal products and the environment. A range of factors contribute in persistence and emergence of zoonoses, and globalization, climate change, and lack of proper coordination among the governmental organization responsible for human and animal health are the key indicators. Given the shared nature of zoonotic diseases and the spread, emergence, and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases in human and animal populations, integrated One Health is the only effective approach to solve this most important health issue. In this article, different aspects of zoonotic diseases, their role in incremental poverty, and the needs for integrated activities for their control and management are reviewed and discussed in detail.

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Evaluating Impacts of a One Health Approach to Companion Animal Health and Management in a Remote Aboriginal Community in the Northern Territory, Australia

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101790 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1790

Author(s):

Tamara Riley ◽

Raymond Lovett ◽

Joanne Thandrayen ◽

Bonny Cumming ◽

Katherine A. Thurber

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Human Health ◽

Body Condition ◽

Program Implementation ◽

One Health ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Animal Health ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Health Clinic ◽

Dog Bite

This study evaluated a community-driven animal health and management program in the remote community of Wadeye, Northern Territory. This evaluation used a pre-post design to assess changes in animal and human health outcomes over a 12-month period of program implementation, from June 2018 to June 2019. The evaluation assessed the program by comparing animal health outcomes before versus one year after program implementation and comparing human health outcomes before versus during the first 12 months of the program. Outcome measures included the desexing status of dogs and cats, body condition and hair score of dogs, and rates of people presenting to the health clinic for a dog bite. Animal health outcomes significantly improved after program implementation. From pre to post program, there was a 77% increase in the prevalence of good body condition score among dogs and a 9% increase in the prevalence of good hair score among dogs, and the prevalence of desexed dogs and cats more than doubled. There was no significant change in the number of people presenting to the health clinic for a dog bite. Consideration on how to further incorporate human and environmental health aspects into the program could be useful for future One Health programs.

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A fatal case of healthcare associated Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever with severe disease and multi-organ failure

Journal of Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jinf.2015.10.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 253-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mustafa Sunbul ◽

Saban Esen ◽

Tom E. Fletcher ◽

Ahmet Dilek ◽

Nil Guler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organ Failure ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Fatal Case ◽

Haemorrhagic Fever ◽

Multi Organ Failure ◽

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽

Healthcare Associated

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The Broad Range of Coronaviruses Co-existing in Chiropteran: Implications for One Health

World s Veterinary Journal ◽

10.54203/scil.2021.wvj22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 170-180

Author(s):

D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana ◽

Catalina Toro-Ortiz ◽

Paula Jimenez-Salazar ◽

Valeria Guevara-Manso ◽

S. Daniela Jimenez-Diaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Human Species ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽

Diarrhea Disease ◽

Diarrhea Syndrome ◽

Different Parts

Bats are a group of mammals that harbor the most significant number of coronaviruses. The aim of present review article was to analyze the broad spectrum of the coronavirus coexisting in Chiropterans hosts. Bats have certain types of cell receptors that allow them to be the potential hosts of a large number of viruses without the presence of any clinical manifestations, and to be a source of contagion infections for other animals and human species. Emphasis can be placed on five coronaviruses, such as Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Disease, Severe Acute Diarrhea Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2, which have had significant impacts causing epidemic outbreaks in different parts of the world, and generating implications for both human and animal health. In conclusion, recent research indicated the importance of bats as potential hosts of multiple coroaviruses leading to some zoonotic diseases.

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Non-fatal case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever imported into the United Kingdom (ex Bulgaria), June 2014

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.30.20864 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (30) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S Lumley ◽

B Atkinson ◽

S D Dowall ◽

J K Pitman ◽

S Staplehurst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Fatal Case ◽

Haemorrhagic Fever ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Cchf Virus ◽

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) was diagnosed in a United Kingdom traveller who returned from Bulgaria in June 2014. The patient developed a moderately severe disease including fever, headaches and petechial rash. CCHF was diagnosed following identification of CCHF virus (CCHFV) RNA in a serum sample taken five days after symptom onset. Sequence analysis of the CCHFV genome showed that the virus clusters within the Europe 1 clade, which includes viruses from eastern Europe.

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