scholarly journals The Essential Involvement of the Omentum in the Peritoneal Defensive Mechanisms During Intra-Abdominal Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Jian-nan Hu ◽  
Ning Luo ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Shu-chang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Abdominal Sepsis ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Milky Spots ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Omental Milky Spots ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

Although the abilities of the omentum to alleviate inflammation and prevent infection have been revealed over the past decades, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unelucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the mortality of mice exposed to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and omentectomy was remarkably increased compared to those treated with CLP alone. Moreover, the efficacy of the omentum was associated with an impairment in intraperitoneal bacterial clearance together with an increase in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Besides, in response to peritoneal infections, the size and quantity of the omental milky spots (MSs) were increased tremendously and they also support innate-like B1 cell responses and local IgM production in the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, not only the migration but also the functional activities of neutrophils were diminished in the absence of the omentum. These data collectively show that the omentum contributes more to peritoneal immune responses during septic peritonitis than has heretofore been recognized. Thus, harnessing the function of MS-containing omentum to increase its protective effectiveness may exert important biological and therapeutic implications for the control of intra-abdominal infections.

scholarly journals Omental Milky Spots Develop in the Absence of Lymphoid Tissue-Inducer Cells and Support B and T Cell Responses to Peritoneal Antigens

Immunity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rangel-Moreno ◽  
Juan E. Moyron-Quiroz ◽  
Damian M. Carragher ◽  
Kim Kusser ◽  
Louise Hartson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue Inducer Cells ◽  
Milky Spots ◽  
Omental Milky Spots ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue Inducer

scholarly journals Microdialysis Study of Aztreonam-Avibactam Distribution in Peritoneal Fluid and Muscle of Rats with or without Experimental Peritonitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Chauzy ◽  
Isabelle Lamarche ◽  
Christophe Adier ◽  
William Couet ◽  
Sandrine Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Abdominal Sepsis ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Microdialysis Study

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate aztreonam (ATM) and avibactam (AVI) distribution in intraperitoneal fluid and muscle interstitial fluid by microdialysis in rats, with or without peritonitis, and to compare the unbound concentrations in tissue with the unbound concentrations in blood. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular veins, hind leg muscles, and peritoneal cavities of control rats (n = 5) and rats with intra-abdominal sepsis (n = 9) induced by cecal ligation and punctures. ATM and AVI probe recoveries in each medium were determined for both molecules in each rat by retrodialysis by drug. ATM-AVI combination was administered as an intravenous bolus at a dose of 100-25 mg · kg−1. Microdialysis samples were collected over 120 min, and ATM-AVI concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted and nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparisons between groups (infected versus control) and medium. ATM and AVI distribution in intraperitoneal fluid and muscle was rapid and complete both in control rats and in rats with peritonitis, and the concentration profiles in blood, intraperitoneal fluid, and muscle were virtually superimposed, in control and infected animals, both for ATM and AVI. No statistically significant difference was observed between unbound tissue extracellular fluid and systemic areas under the curve for both molecules in control and infected animals. In the present study, intraperitoneal infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture had no apparent effect on ATM and AVI pharmacokinetics in rats.

scholarly journals Omental milky spots in the local immune response in the peritoneal cavity of rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Van Vugt ◽  
Ellen A. M. Van Rijthoven ◽  
Eduard W. A. Kamperdijk ◽  
Robert H. J. Beelen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Milky Spots ◽  
Omental Milky Spots

scholarly journals The emerging role of microRNAs in bone remodeling and its therapeutic implications for osteoporosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyun Feng ◽  
Sheng Zheng ◽  
Jia Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Osteoporosis, a common and multifactorial disease, is influenced by genetic factors and environments. However, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has not been fully elucidated yet. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications may be the underlying mechanisms that link genetic and environmental factors with increased risks of osteoporosis and bone fracture. MicroRNA (miRNA), a major category of small noncoding RNA with 20–22 bases in length, is recognized as one important epigenetic modification. It can mediate post-transcriptional regulation of target genes with cell differentiation and apoptosis. In this review, we aimed to profile the role of miRNA in bone remodeling and its therapeutic implications for osteoporosis. A deeper insight into the role of miRNA in bone remodeling and osteoporosis can provide unique opportunities to develop a novel diagnostic and therapeutic approach of osteoporosis.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: therapeutic implications for rotator cuff injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbing He ◽  
Shuai Ping ◽  
Fangyang Yu ◽  
Xi Yuan ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Paracrine Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Rotator Cuff Injuries ◽  
Lower Success Rate ◽  
Genetic Interventions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Rotator cuff injuries are a common clinical condition of the shoulder joint. Surgery that involves reattaching the torn tendon to its humeral head bony attachment has a somewhat lower success rate. The scar tissue formed during healing of the rotator cuff leads to poor tendon-related mechanical properties. To promote healing, a range of genetic interventions, as well as cell transplantation, and many other techniques have been explored. In recent years, the therapeutic promise of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been well documented in animal and clinical studies. Some data have suggested that MSCs can promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation and cell proliferation and increase collagen deposition. These functions are likely paracrine effects of MSCs, particularly mediated through exosomes. Here, we review the use of MSCs-related exosomes in tissues and organs. We also discuss their potential utility for treating rotator cuff injuries, and explore the underlying mechanisms of their effects.

scholarly journals TCR Transgenic Mice: A Valuable Tool for Studying Viral Immunopathogenesis Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9690
Author(s):  
Yong-Bin Cho ◽  
In-Gu Lee ◽  
Yong-Hyun Joo ◽  
So-Hee Hong ◽  
Young-Jin Seo
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Viral infectious diseases are a significant burden on public health and the global economy, and new viral threats emerge continuously. Since CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses are essential to eliminating viruses, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of anti-viral T cell-mediated immunopathogenesis during viral infections. Remarkable progress in transgenic (Tg) techniques has enabled scientists to more readily understand the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. T cell receptor (TCR) Tg mice are extremely useful in studying T cell-mediated immune responses because the majority of T cells in these mice express specific TCRs for partner antigens. In this review, we discuss the important studies utilizing TCR Tg mice to unveil underlying mechanisms of T cell-mediated immunopathogenesis during viral infections.

scholarly journals Natural Architectures for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Floris Honig ◽  
Steven Vermeulen ◽  
Amir A. Zadpoor ◽  
Jan de Boer ◽  
Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Biomaterials

The ability to control the interactions between functional biomaterials and biological systems is of great importance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the underlying mechanisms defining the interplay between biomaterial properties and the human body are complex. Therefore, a key challenge is to design biomaterials that mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Over millions of years, nature has produced a wide variety of biological materials optimised for distinct functions, ranging from the extracellular matrix (ECM) for structural and biochemical support of cells to the holy lotus with special wettability for self-cleaning effects. Many of these systems found in biology possess unique surface properties recognised to regulate cell behaviour. Integration of such natural surface properties in biomaterials can bring about novel cell responses in vitro and provide greater insights into the processes occurring at the cell-biomaterial interface. Using natural surfaces as templates for bioinspired design can stimulate progress in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and biomaterials science. This literature review aims to combine the state-of-the-art knowledge in natural and nature-inspired surfaces, with an emphasis on material properties known to affect cell behaviour.

scholarly journals Preexisting Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes-Mediated Enhancement of Adenovirus Infections to Human Blood CD14+ Cells

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Fengling Feng ◽  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Pingchao Li ◽  
Ruiting Li ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Antigen-specific T lymphocytes play a critical role in controlling viral infections. However, we report here that preexisting virus-specific T cell responses also contribute to promoting adenovirus (Ad) infection. Previously, we found that CD14+ monocytes from Ad-seropositive individuals exhibited an increased susceptibility to Ad infection, when compared with that of Ad-seronegative individuals. But the underlying mechanisms for this enhancement of viral infection are not completely clarified. In this study, we found that the efficacy of Ad infection into CD14+ monocytes was significantly decreased after CD3+ T lymphocytes depletion from PBMC samples of Ad-seropositive individuals. In contrast, adding virus-specific CD3+ T lymphocytes into PBMC samples of Ad-seronegative individuals resulted in a significant increase of infection efficacy. CD3+ T lymphocytes in PBMC samples from Ad-seropositive individuals were more sensitive to be activated by adenovirus stimulus, characterized by upregulation of multiple cytokines and activation markers and also enhancement of cell proliferation. Further studies demonstrated that GM-CSF and IL-4 can promote Ad infection by up-regulating the expression of scavenger receptor 1 (SR-A) and integrins αVβ5 receptor of CD14+ cells. And taken together, these results suggest a novel role of virus-specific T cells in mediating enhancement of viral infection, and provide insights to understand the pathogenesis and complicated interactions between viruses and host immune cells.

scholarly journals Experimental Abdominal Sepsis: Sticking to an Awkward but Still Useful Translational Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Murando ◽  
Andrea Peloso ◽  
Lorenzo Cobianchi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Abdominal Sepsis ◽  
Translational Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Abdominal Infections

Animal models are widely used to replicate human intra-abdominal infections. Different methodologies have been described and proposed in the scientific literature, including injection and surgical models. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the advantages and disadvantages of each method to help choose the most appropriate model for individual experimental purposes.

scholarly journals RNA Modifications in Cancer: Functions, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilin Huang ◽  
Hengyou Weng ◽  
Xiaolan Deng ◽  
Jianjun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Modifications ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Aberrant Rna ◽  
Gene Expression Dysregulation

Over 170 chemical modifications have been identified in protein-coding and noncoding RNAs and shown to exhibit broad impacts on gene expression. Dysregulation of RNA modifications caused by aberrant expression of or mutations in RNA modifiers aberrantly reprograms the epitranscriptome and skews global gene expression, which in turn leads to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Here we review current knowledge of the functions and underlying mechanisms of aberrant RNA modifications in human cancers, particularly several common RNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), A-to-I editing, pseudouridine (ψ), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hm5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), providing insights into therapeutic implications of targeting RNA modifications and the associated machineries for cancer therapy.

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