scholarly journals Mitigating Bycatch: Novel Insights to Multidisciplinary Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Squires ◽  
Lisa T. Ballance ◽  
Laurent Dagorn ◽  
Peter H. Dutton ◽  
Rebecca Lent
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Mitigation Hierarchy ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Fisheries Bycatch ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
And Control ◽  
Conservation And Management

Fisheries bycatch conservation and management can be analyzed and implemented through the biodiversity mitigation hierarchy using one of four basic approaches: (1) private solutions, including voluntary, moral suasion, and intrinsic motivation; (2) direct or “command-and-control” regulation starting from the fishery management authority down to the vessel; (3) incentive- or market-based to alter producer and consumer behavior and decision-making; and (4) hybrid of direct and incentive-based regulation through liability laws. Lessons can be learned from terrestrial and energy conservation, water management, forestry, and atmospheric pollution measures, such as the use of offsets, tradeable rights to externalities, and liability considerations. General bycatch conservation and management principles emerge based on a multidisciplinary approach and a wide array of private and public measures for incentivizing bycatch mitigation.

The Regulation of Combination

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoyAnna S. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Design Choice ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Agency Design ◽  
Environmental Agency

In 15 American states, environmental protection agencies perform both pollution-control and natural resource conservation functions. In this study, I examine how this combination of functions affects the regulatory style embraced by these agencies. I find, through interviews with environmental agency workers and empirical analyses using enforcement data from 2010 to 2014, that the cooperation and flexibility with industry inherent to natural resource conservation efforts is a fundamental part of the regulatory process within these combined agencies. Great efforts are made to garner voluntary or negotiated compliance without the possible economic consequences of punitive actions. Enforcements are less frequent and less severe. The effect of this agency design choice is powerful, maintaining its effect even when controlling for political, ideological, and economical pressures. In a time where environmental protection agencies are increasingly interested in incorporating management-based regulation and voluntary compliance to supplement command and control regulation, it is more important than ever to understand the regulation that emerges from this combination.

Privatization in the Water Industry

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-123
Author(s):  
R. Andreas Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
And Control

Throughout the world, privatization of water supply and the sewerage services is a controversial topic of political debate. Any nationalization, privatization, municipalization, or alteration in the regulatory regime constitutes a significant change of the institutional mechanism of water management. This article, based on a comparative analysis of water management institutions in selected member states of the European Union, addresses water supply and sewerage services in conurbations with centralized supplies. A brief characterization of water services and the water industry is provided in the context of global water policy developments. Three typical regulatory models are described: the British, based on centralized public policy and surrogate competition by statistical comparison; the French, based on competition for temporary monopolies; and the German or middle-European, based on competition for goods and services and control of limited operational monopolies. A typology of privatization is also presented. This article does not seek to argue that one model is better than another.

scholarly journals Basic approaches to the development of resistant social capital of the state customs service

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Tetiana Ruda
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Research Abstract ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Monitoring Design ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Purpose. The aim of the article is research of the peculiarities of the development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service and development of proposals for the development of a model of its development. Methodology of research. The following methods are used to achieve this goal: induction and deduction, theoretical generalization, abstraction, dialectical cognition – in the study of scientific sources and research of theoretical aspects of the development of resistant social capital, the definition of the categorical apparatus of the research; abstract and logical – to generalize theoretical positions, to form conclusions and proposals on the research topic. Findings. The essence and features of the development of resistant social capital are determined. The expediency of developing a model of development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service, which is based on the principles of attributiveness and synergy, is substantiated. It allows to take into account the influence of environmental factors of the department and time variables on the development of social capital. The structural content of the development model is given, which includes: attributes of the object of development, attributes of the internal and external environment. The object, goals, functions and principles of building a model of development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service are determined. A detailed description of each stage of application of the model of development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service is given, which includes: monitoring, design, planning, implementation and control. The advantages of practical implementation of the proposed model are outlined. Originality. The study of theoretical aspects of the development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service has been further developed. For the first time, proposals for the formation of a model for the development of resistant social capital at the sectoral level have been developed, its structure, features of practical implementation and advantages of application have been determined. Practical value. The main provisions of this study can be used in the process of developing proposals for the development of conceptual areas of development of resistant social capital in the State Customs Service. Key words: development, attributiveness, attributive model of development, development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service, model of development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service.

scholarly journals Fisheries bycatch reduction within the least-cost biodiversity mitigation hierarchy: Conservatory offsets with an application to sea turtles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Squires ◽  
Victor Restrepo ◽  
Serge Garcia ◽  
Peter Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Impact Mitigation ◽  
Bycatch Reduction ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
Mitigation Hierarchy ◽  
Turtle Conservation ◽  
Sea Turtle Conservation ◽  
Fisheries Bycatch

This paper considers fisheries bycatch reduction within the least-cost biodiversity impact mitigation hierarchy. It introduces conservatory offsets that are implemented earlier in the biodiversity impact mitigation hierarchy than conventional compensatory offsets used as instruments of last resort. The paper illustrates implementation in an on-going sea turtle conservation programme by the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation.

scholarly journals Administración del agua y los recursos de la nación: la Junta Federal de Mejoras Materiales, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 1931-1936

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (70) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Del Carmen Zetina Rodríguez ◽  
Rutilio García Pereyra ◽  
Efraín Rangel Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
And Control

El gobierno constituyó la Junta Federal de Mejoras Materiales para administrar y controlar los recursos económicos y la construcción de obras públicas en las fronteras y los puertos de México. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue analizar cómo se instauró y funcionó dicho organismo en Ciudad Juárez, en el contexto de la centralización/federalización de los recursos hídricos del país, de 1931 a 1936; para ello se revisaron los archivos históricos. Una de las limitaciones del estudio fue el desconocimiento de los antecedentes de la administración de los recursos hídricos en este poblado. Por lo que su aportación amplía el conocimiento escaso que había sobre el funcionamiento de las juntas en las fronteras. Entre los descubrimientos se puede citar que en el Ayuntamiento de Juárez, la pérdida de autonomía en la administración de las aguas se sumó a un despojo material y económico, en el que intervinieron varias instituciones y dependencias de gobierno. Water management and the nation’s resources: the Federal Board of Material Improvements, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, 1931-1936The government constituted the Federal Board of Material Improvements in order to manage and control the economic resources and the construction of public works at México’s borders and ports. The general purpose of this research was to analyze how this agency was established and operated in Ciudad Juarez, in the context of the centralization/federalization of the country’s water resources, from 1931 to 1936, and, to this end, the historical archives were reviewed. One of the study’s limitations was the lack of background information about the management of the water resources in this town. Its contribution broadens the scarce existing knowledge about the boards’ functioning at the borders. Among the findings made, it can be mentioned that in the municipality of Juarez the loss of autonomy concerning water management was accompanied by a material and economic dispossession, in which several government institutions and agencies participated.

scholarly journals Between liberty and control: citizens’ attitudes towards Romanian state surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-205
Author(s):  
Paul Tap
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Source Of Information

Surveillance was extensively analyzed in the literature from multiple standpoints. Some studies looked to the temporal development of surveillance, while others analyzed the traditional theories that influenced many of the contemporary surveillance studies. All these studies define surveillance as an activity that is ubiquitous and performed globally, by multiple private and public institutions, through the involvement of specific technologies. However, little attention was paid to the perceptions of citizens about surveillance. This article addresses this gap in the literature and analyses how state surveillance is perceived by the Romanian citizens according to the socio-demographic factors (i.e., age, education, income, gender and medium of residence). The aim of the study is to explain how socio-demographic factors influence the acceptance of state surveillance. It also controls for the left-right self-placement, and the use of Facebook as source of information. The statistical analysis uses individual level data from an original survey conducted between October-November 2020. The survey was completed by 1,140 respondents, and the article uses correlation and linear regression to analyze the data. The findings illustrate that the acceptance of state surveillance is influenced by the gender, level of education and medium of residence of the individuals. The age and income of the citizens have no effect on the acceptance of state surveillance.

Instrument Choice

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Agreements ◽  
Positive Theory ◽  
Instrument Choice ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

This article examines the different types of environmental regulatory instruments and their role in international environmental regulation. Environmental regulatory instruments are designed to implement public norms of environmental protection, and redress the limitations of private law, market ordering, and criminal law in securing appropriate behavioural changes on the part of these actors. The article looks at command and control regulation, economic instruments, information-based approaches, and hybrid regulatory approaches. It then focuses on the characteristics and performance of different environmental regulatory instruments, environmental regulatory instrument choice in the domestic context, environmental regulatory instrument choice in the international context, distinctive characteristics of international environmental regulation, international regulatory instruments governing interactions among states, domestic regulatory instruments to implement international environmental agreements, international agreements that do not specify domestic implementing instruments, functional characteristics and performance of different instruments, positive theory regarding instrument choice, environmental governance issues, and the evolution of international environmental law.

scholarly journals Dom jako miejsce emocjonalne

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kubacka
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Work ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Control

The aim of this article is to show the home as an emotional place. The sphere of social conditions, which has been neglected until recently, can help explain emotion as a social construct. Many researchers have pointed to the emotional dimension of the experience of the home and living practices. A home is a complex place, a conglomerate of three aspects: material, symbolic, and relational. The experience of domesticity can be considered to have multiple aspects and to be variable. Taking emotions into account enables a fuller understanding of the duality of household practices, in connection with both their “function” and their role in creating, recreating, and changing the rules of the social order. In this sense, a home is located between the private and public sphere, emotional authenticity and emotional work, freedom and control, socialization and de-socialization, everyday life and celebration.

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