scholarly journals Comparative Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of CHHs and Their Putative Receptors in Scylla paramamosain, Portunus trituberculatus, and Eriocheir sinensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Yang ◽  
Yuanfeng Xu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Zhaoxia Cui ◽  
Chenchang Bao
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Hyperglycemic Hormone

Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone superfamily neuropeptides (CHHs) are typical crustacean eyestalk hormones that include the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), moult-inhibiting hormone (MIH), vitellogenesis/gonad-inhibiting hormone (VIH/GIH) and mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone (MOIH), which are divided into two subfamilies: type I CHH (included CHH) and type II CHH (consisting of MIH, VIH/GIH, and MOIH). They are involved in various biological activities, such as metabolism, molting, reproduction, and osmotic regulation. Discovery of the ion transport peptide (ITP) in insects expanded the members of CHHs and revealed that CHHs are not restricted to crustaceans. In this study, we focused on three economically important crabs: the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, and the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Their genomes, Pacbio full-length transcriptomic data as well as comparative RNA-seq data were obtained and used to analyze the genomic structures and expression patterns of CHHs and their putative receptors through bioinformatic methods. Two type I CHH members (CHH1 and CHH2) were identified, of which CHH1 had two splice variants, CHH1-v1 and CHH1-v2. One copy of type II CHH (MIH) was found in P. trituberculatus and E. sinensis. While most decapods, including S. paramamosain, have two copies of type II CHHs (MIH/VIH), these MIH/VIHs are adjacent to each other on the same chromosome. Besides type I and II CHH, ITP-like peptides have also been found in the three crabs, and they are mainly expressed in the eyestalk. Four, five, and three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified in S. paramamosain, P. trituberculatus, and E. sinensis, respectively, which might be putative CHH receptors. These GPCRs were divided into three groups. One group was composed of two contiguous genomic position GPCRs, and they were mainly expressed in the hepatopancreas. These findings provide a basis for further studies on CHHs receptor binding tests and on CHHs/GPCRs signaling pathways.

scholarly journals 153EXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA I AND TYPE I AND TYPE II OF TGF-BETA RECEPTORS IN BOVINE EMBRYOS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
B.K. Kim ◽  
H.J. Chung ◽  
B.C. Yang ◽  
D.H. Kim ◽  
J.H. Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

Although the effects of TGFβ1, as an important factor in the mice embryo development have been reported, little information relevant to this subject is known in the bovine embryo. The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence and expression patterns of TGFβ1 and TGFβ1 receptors, types I and II, in unfertilized oocytes and fertilized bovine embryos in normal and NT embryo development. We postulated that TGFβ1 may have a beneficial effect on the preimplantation embryo and show different expression patterns at different stages of bovine embryo development. Immature bovine oocytes were aspirated from follicles of ovaries obtained from a local abattoir and they were cultured for up to 24h and fertilized in vitro. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate the presence of TGFβ1 and type I and type II of TGFβ1 receptors (the essential components of the TGFβ1 signaling pathway) in unfertilized oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Also, mRNA and protein expression patterns of TGFβ1 and their receptors at various stages of embryos were examined. It was found that both receptors, as well as TGFβ1, were present in the unfertilized bovine oocytes, indicating that TGFβ1 is a maternally expressed protein. Although the type I TGFβ1 receptor was present at the morulae and blastocyst stages, the type II TGFβ1 receptor was not present at both stages. It was also confirmed that the expression level of TGFβ1 was high at the 8-cell stage, and mRNA and protein expression patterns of TGFβ1 and their receptors were not coincident. Interestingly, TGFβ1 protein was not detected at blastocyst stage of embryos, whereas the mRNA expression level was high at this stage. The results of this experiment indicate that TGFβ1 protein may be needed by embryos after the blastocyst stage and may be expressed in hatched embryos for implantation. These findings support the hypothesis that there may be an interaction between the TGFβ1 and TGFβ1 receptors in the unfertilized oocytes and preimplantation embryos, and that TGFβ1 signaling may be important for the development of the oocytes and the preimplantation embryos.

scholarly journals Gliocyte and synapse analyses in cerebral ganglia of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis: ultrastructural study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
P. Yu ◽  
S. Zhong ◽  
T. Ge ◽  
S. Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Chinese Mitten Crab ◽  
Cerebral Ganglia ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Nerve System

The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is an economically important aquatic species in China. Many studies on gene structure, breeding, and diseases of the crab have been reported. However, knowledge about the organization of the nerve system of the crab remains largely unknown. To study the ultrastructure of the cerebral ganglia of E. sinensis and to compare the histological findings regarding the nerve systems of crustaceans, the cerebral ganglia were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that four types of gliocytes, including type I, II, III, and IV gliocytes were located in the cerebral ganglia. In addition, three types of synapses were present in the cerebral ganglia, including unidirectional synapses, bidirectional synapses, and combined type synapses. 

scholarly journals Tetraspanins TSP-12 and TSP-14 function redundantly to regulate the trafficking of the type II BMP receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 2968-2977
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Liu ◽  
Herong Shi ◽  
Anthony K. Nzessi ◽  
Anne Norris ◽  
Barth D. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Bmp Receptors

Tetraspanins are a unique family of 4-pass transmembrane proteins that play important roles in a variety of cell biological processes. We have previously shown that 2 paralogous tetraspanins in Caenorhabditis elegans, TSP-12 and TSP-14, function redundantly to promote bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the expression and subcellular localization patterns of endogenously tagged TSP-12 and TSP-14 proteins. We found that TSP-12 and TSP-14 share overlapping expression patterns in multiple cell types, and that both proteins are localized on the cell surface and in various types of endosomes, including early, late, and recycling endosomes. Animals lacking both TSP-12 and TSP-14 exhibit reduced cell-surface levels of the BMP type II receptor DAF-4/BMPRII, along with impaired endosome morphology and mislocalization of DAF-4/BMPRII to late endosomes and lysosomes. These findings indicate that TSP-12 and TSP-14 are required for the recycling of DAF-4/BMPRII. Together with previous findings that the type I receptor SMA-6 is recycled via the retromer complex, our work demonstrates the involvement of distinct recycling pathways for the type I and type II BMP receptors and highlights the importance of tetraspanin-mediated intracellular trafficking in the regulation of BMP signaling in vivo. As TSP-12 and TSP-14 are conserved in mammals, our findings suggest that the mammalian TSP-12 and TSP-14 homologs may also function in regulating transmembrane protein recycling and BMP signaling.

Transcriptome sequencing revealed the genes and pathways involved in salinity stress of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erchao Li ◽  
Shaolin Wang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination ◽  
Mitten Crab

A total of 276.9 million reads were obtained and assembled into 206, 371 contigs with an average length of 614 bp and N50 of 1,470 bp. Comparison of digital gene expression between treatment and control group reveals 1,151 and 941 genes were significantly differentially expressed in crab gill and muscle, respectively. In gill and muscle, protein ubiquitination, ubiquinone biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondria dysfunction pathways were the top pathways differentially expressed following the challenge. EIF 2 signaling pathway and IGF-1 signaling pathway were the top ones among the signal-related pathways. Most of the amino acid metabolism pathways were found to be involved in this process. The expression patterns of 15 differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (average correlation coefficient 0.80). This is the first report of expression analysis of genes and pathways involved in osmoregulation of Eriocheir sinensis through transcriptome sequencing. The findings of this study will further promote the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of salinity stress adaptation for crustacean species.

Cloning and Identification of Two Novel Splice Variants of Human PD-L2

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Hui He ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Li-Hui Xu ◽  
Yao-Ying Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
K562 Cells ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Acceptor Site ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Variant Type ◽  
Frame Shift

Abstract PD-L2, a newly identified member of B7 family, plays a role in down-regulating T cell responses. The common PD-L2 mRNA (type I) is the splicing product containing all 6 exons. We report here the identification of two human PD-L2 splice variants in activated leukocytes. One splice variant (type II) is generated through splicing out exon 3 encoding Ig constant-like domain; it retains all other regions without a frame shift. The other variant (type III) is created by splicing out exon 3 to an alternative acceptor site 5 bp downstream of the canonical acceptor site, leading to a frame shift. Consequently, the translated protein should be a soluble form. Furthermore, type I isoform is expressed on the plasma surface whereas type II isoform showed a pattern of intracellular membrane distribution in the transiently transfected K562 cells. In addition, the expression patterns of PD-L2 splice variants are variable in different individuals and distinct cellular status. These results suggest that PD-L2 expression may be controlled by posttranscriptional regulation through alternative splicing, and modulation of PD-L2 isoform expression may influence the outcome of immune response.

scholarly journals Analysis of MADS-box genes revealed modified flowering gene network and diurnal expression in pineapple

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Zhang ◽  
Mahpara Fatima ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
Ray Ming
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Flowering Genes ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Cam Photosynthesis

Abstract Background Pineapple is the most important crop with CAM photosynthesis, but its molecular biology is underexplored. MADS-box genes are crucial transcription factors involving in plant development and several biological processes. However, there is no systematic analysis of MADS-box family genes in pineapple ( Ananas comosus ).Results Forty-eight MADS-box genes were identified in the pineapple genome. Based on the phylogenetic studies, pineapple MADS-box genes can be divided into type I and type II MADS-box genes. Thirty-four pineapple genes were classified as type II MADS-box genes including 32 MIKC-type and 2 Mδ-type, while 14 type I MADS-box genes were further divided into Mα, Mβ and Mγ subgroups. A majority of pineapple MADS-box genes were randomly distributed across 19 chromosomes. RNA-seq expression patterns of MADS-box genes in four different tissues revealed that more genes were highly expressed in flowers, which was confirmed by our quantitative RT-PCR results. There is no FLC and CO orthologs in pineapple. The loss of FLC and CO orthologs in pineapple indicated that modified flowering genes network in this tropical plant compared with Arabidopsis . The expression patterns of MADS-box genes in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic leaf tissues indicated the potential roles of some MADS-box genes in pineapple CAM photosynthesis. The 23% of pineapple MADS-box genes showed diurnal rhythm, indicating that these MADS-box genes are regulated by circadian clock.Conclusions MADS-box genes identified in pineapple are closely related to flowering development. Some MADS-box genes are involved in CAM photosynthesis and regulated by the circadian clock. These findings will facilitate research on the development of unusual spiral inflorescences on pineapple fruit and CAM photosynthesis.

Acute salinity stress in gill Na+/K+-ATPase in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus (Brachyura, Portunidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-609
Author(s):  
Shaojun Huang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Qianghua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Subunit Interface ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Na+/K+-ATPase is an important ion-transporting enzyme involved in osmoregulation. The swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) is a commercially important edible crab species in China. At salinities lower than 10 or higher than 40, its production is seriously impacted; however, the mechanisms of how the Na+/K+-ATPase of swimming crabs responds to salinity changes, is unclear. In the current study, the Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit (NAKA) and β-subunit (NAKB) cDNA of P. trituberculatus was identified. Multiple alignment was performed and the expression of NAKA and NAKB in the 6th gills under different salinity conditions were detected using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that NAKA and NAKB mRNA both increased significantly at day 1, but they were maintained at low levels when exposed to 40 salinity for a long time. The hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that ionocytes increased in size at 40 salinity, but decreased at 10 salinity. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that NAKA signals increased with exposure to 40 salinity for one day, but the signals were not strong at 10 salinity. Comparison of the conserved NAKA domain of P. trituberculatus and the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) showed that the polypeptide binding site (α-subunit/β-subunit interface) was different, which may be one of the reasons that P. trituberculatus is not as tolerant of fresh water as E. sinensis.

scholarly journals Stage-specific ISG expression reveals functional convergence of type I and II IFNs in SIV infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Echebli ◽  
Nicolas Tchitchek ◽  
Stéphanie Dupuy ◽  
Timothée Bruel ◽  
Caroline Peireira Bittencourt Passaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Siv Infection

AbstractInterferons play a major role in controlling viral infections including HIV/SIV infections. Persistent up-regulation of interferon-stimulated-genes (ISGs) is associated with chronic immune activation and progression in SIV/HIV infections, but the respective contribution of different IFNs is unclear. We analyzed the expression of annotated IFN-induced genes in SIV-infected macaques to decrypt the respective roles of type-I (α,β) and type-II (γ) IFNs. Both IFN types were induced in lymph nodes during early stage of primary infection. Induction of type-II IFN persisted during the chronic phase, in contrast to undetectable induction of type-I IFN. Interferome-based analysis of ISGs revealed that at both acute and chronic infection phases most differentially expressed ISGs were inducible by both type-I and type-II IFNs and displayed the highest increases, indicating strong convergence and synergy between type-I and type-II IFNs. The analysis of functional signatures of ISG expression revealed temporal changes in IFN expression patterns identifying phase-specific ISGs. These results suggest that IFN-γ strongly contribute to shape ISG upregulation in addition to type-I IFN and may contribute to progression.

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