Review on Applications of Lignin in Pavement Engineering: A Recent Survey

Lignin is the second-largest plant polymer on Earth after cellulose. About 98% of lignin produced in the papermaking and pulping industry is used for combustion heating or power generation. Less than 2% of lignin is used in more valuable fields, mainly in the formulation of dispersants, adhesives, and surfactants. Asphalt is one of the most important materials in pavement engineering. It is a dark brown complex mixture composed of hydrocarbons with different molecular weights and their non-metallic derivatives. Because the chemical structure of lignin is similar to that of asphalt, it is a carbon-based hydrocarbon material. More researchers studied the application of lignin in pavement engineering. In this paper, the structure, application, and extraction technology of lignin were summarized. This is a review article describing the different applications of lignin in pavement engineering and exploring the prospects of the application. There are three main types of pavement materials that can be used for lignin in pavement engineering, which are asphalt, asphalt mixture, and roadbed soil. In asphalt, lignin can be used as a modifier, extender, emulsifier, antioxidant, and coupling agent. In asphalt mixtures, lignin can be used as an additive. In road base soils, lignin can be used as a soil stabilizer. Furthermore, the article analyzed the application effects of lignin from the life cycle assessment. The conclusions suggest that lignin-modified asphalt exhibits more viscosity and hardness, and its high-temperature resistance and rutting resistance can be significantly improved compared with conventional asphalt. In addition, some lignin-modified asphalt binders exhibit reduced low-temperature crack resistance and fatigue resistance, which can be adjusted and selected according to the climate change in different regions. The performance of lignin as an asphalt mixture additive and asphalt extender has been proved to be feasible. Lignin can also produce good mechanical properties as well as environmental benefits as a soil stabilizer. In summary, lignin plays an important role in asphalt pavement and roadbed soil, and it is likely to be a development trend in the future due to its environmental friendliness and low cost. More research is needed to generalize the application of lignin in pavement engineering.

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Utilisation of Waste-Based Geopolymer in Asphalt Pavement Modification and Construction—A Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3330

Author(s):

Abdalrhman Milad ◽

Ahmed Suliman B. Ali ◽

Ali Mohammed Babalghaith ◽

Zubair Ahmed Memon ◽

Nuha S. Mashaan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Low Temperature Cracking ◽

Pavement Construction ◽

By Products

The use of geopolymer in pavement constructions is strongly encouraged. Many studies have demonstrated the vast potential of using industrial-by-products-based geopolymers. This paper discusses the modification of asphalt binders with geopolymers, namely geopolymer-modified asphalt (GMA) and geopolymer-modified asphalt mixture (GMAM). In addition, curing geopolymer materials, engineering properties, production techniques, and prospective utilisation in the pavement construction, such as durability and sustainability, are also discussed. The literature review showed that many industrial by-products, including red mud, blast furnace slag, fly ash, and mine waste, are used to produce geopolymers because of the metal components such as silicon and aluminium in these materials. The geopolymers from these materials influence the rheological and physical properties of asphalt binders. Geopolymers can enhance asphalt mixture performance, such as stability, fatigue, rutting, and low-temperature cracking. The use of geopolymers in asphalt pavement has beneficial impacts on sustainability and economic and environmental benefits.

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The Role of Nanotechnology in Subgrade and Pavement Engineering: A Review

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2020.18491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 4607-4618 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ling Zeng ◽

Liuyi Xiao ◽

Junhui Zhang ◽

Hongyuan Fu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Pozzolanic Reaction ◽

Performance Ratio ◽

Hydration Reaction ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Cement Pastes ◽

Soil Particles ◽

Subgrade Soils ◽

Pavement Engineering

Nanotechnology is an extension of sciences and technologies that deal with particles less than 100 nm. This paper reviews previous studies on how nanomaterials work and what their advantages are in subgrade and pavement engineering. In subgrade engineering, the nanomaterials particles can not only improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of subgrade soils by filling the voids between soil particles but also promote hydration reaction between cement and ion exchange between soil particles. In pavement engineering, the water stability, rutting resistance, fatigue resistance and optical properties of flexible pavements are enhanced by adding nanomaterials into the asphalt mixture. Nanosilica enhances the interface between cement pastes and aggregates and promotes the pozzolanic reaction of concrete, thus, mechanical properties of concrete pavements are improved. Compared with traditional materials, nanomaterials play a promising role in subgrade and pavement engineering, benefitting from their environmental friendliness, lower environmental disturbance, better price/performance ratio and higher durability.

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Research on the Pavement Performance and Mechanism of Rock Asphalt Modified Asphalt Mixture

CICTP 2020 ◽

10.1061/9780784483053.114 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yong Yang ◽

Peng Huang ◽

Wen Zhou ◽

Haiting Liu ◽

Lingling Hong

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Pavement Performance ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Performance And Mechanism

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A review of biomass materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries

Chemical Science ◽

10.1039/c9sc02743b ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (32) ◽

pp. 7484-7495 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Huadong Yuan ◽

Tiefeng Liu ◽

Yujing Liu ◽

Jianwei Nai ◽

Yao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recent Progress ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Abundance ◽

Chemical Adsorption ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽

Biomass Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Lithium Sulfur

This review summarizes recent progress of biomass-derived materials in Li–S batteries. These materials are promising due to their advantages including strong physical and chemical adsorption, high abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness.

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Green water-based binders for LiFePO4/C cathode in Li-ion batteries: a comparative study

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1nj01208h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaojing Zhang ◽

xinyi Ge ◽

Zhigang Shen ◽

Han Ma ◽

Jingshi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Low Cost ◽

Green Water ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Water Based ◽

Li Ion

Compared with environmentally harmful binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in Li-ion batteries (LIBs), water-based binders have many advantages, such as low cost, rich sources and environmental friendliness. In this study, various...

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Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments8060047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Lim Min Khiong ◽

Md. Safiuddin ◽

Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽

Resdiansyah

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Binder ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Rubber Content ◽

Scrap Tires ◽

Asphalt Mixes ◽

Temperature Resistance ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

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Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoacint/qsab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cong You ◽

Jun Yu ◽

Guangjiong Qin ◽

JinPeng Yang ◽

Chunlei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

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Reinforcement of Recycled Aggregate by Microbial-Induced Mineralization and Deposition of Calcium Carbonate—Influencing Factors, Mechanism and Effect of Reinforcement

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11080887 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 887

Author(s):

Chunhua Feng ◽

Buwen Cui ◽

Haidong Ge ◽

Yihong Huang ◽

Wenyan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Global Economy ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Water ◽

Strengthening Mechanism ◽

Recycled Aggregate ◽

Strengthening Effect ◽

Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

Recycled aggregate is aggregate prepared from construction waste. With the development of a global economy and people’s attention to sustainable development, recycled aggregate has shown advantages in replacing natural aggregate in the production of concrete due to its environmental friendliness, low energy consumption, and low cost. Recycled aggregate exhibits high water absorption and a multi-interface transition zone, which limits its application scope. Researchers have used various methods to improve the properties of recycled aggregate, such as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology. In this paper, the results of recent studies on the reinforcement of recycled aggregate by MICP technology are synthesized, and the factors affecting the strengthening effect of recycled aggregate are reviewed. Moreover, the strengthening mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of MICP technology are summarized. After the modified treatment, the aggregate performance is significantly improved. Regardless of whether the aggregate was used in mortar or concrete, the mechanical properties of the specimens were clearly improved. However, there are some issues regarding the application of MICP technology, such as the use of an expensive culture medium, a long modification cycle, and untargeted mineralization deposition. These difficulties need to be overcome in the future for the industrialization of regenerated aggregate materials via MICP technology.

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Nanoscale Evaluation of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube’s Performance on Resisting Oxidization of Asphalt

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.982.195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 982 ◽

pp. 195-200

Author(s):

Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Okan Sirin

Keyword(s):

Adhesive Force ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Resistance To Oxidation ◽

Pavement Engineering ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Polymer Modified Asphalt ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Nanotechnology has contributed significantly to different subfields of the construction industry, including asphalt pavement engineering. The improved properties and new functionalities of the nanomaterials have provided different desired properties of asphalt. In this study, the effectiveness of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in resisting the oxidation of polymer-modified asphalt was measured. A total of three different percentages (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of MWCNT were used to modify the Styrene-Butadiene (SB) and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified asphalt (4% and 5%). The laboratory oxidized asphalt samples were evaluated by an atomic force microscopy machine. The oxidation of the polymer-MWCNT modified asphalt is measured by simulating the existing functional group of the asphalt and as a function of the adhesive force. It is observed that the use of MWCNT in SB and SBS can increase the resistance to oxidation.

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