scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Systemically Multiple Organs Damages and Dissemination in Hamsters

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Song ◽  
Linlin Bao ◽  
Pin Yu ◽  
Feifei Qi ◽  
Shuran Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Multiple Organs

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the world and impacted global healthcare systems. For clinical patients, COVID-19 not only induces pulmonary lesions but also affects extrapulmonary organs. An ideal animal model that mimics COVID-19 in humans in terms of the induced systematic lesions is urgently needed. Here, we report that Syrian hamster is highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit diffuse alveolar damage and induced extrapulmonary multi-organs damage, including spleen, lymph nodes, different segments of alimentary tract, kidney, adrenal gland, ovary, vesicular gland and prostate damage, at 3–7 days post inoculation (dpi), based on qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry detection. Notably, the adrenal gland is a novel target organ, with abundant viral RNA and antigen expression detected, accompanied by focal to diffuse inflammation. Additionally, viral RNA was also detected in the corpus luteum of the ovary, vesicular gland and prostate. Focal lesions in liver, gallbladder, myocardium, and lymph nodes were still present at 18 dpi, suggesting potential damage after disease. Our findings illustrate systemic histological observations and the viral RNA and antigen distribution in infected hamsters during disease and convalescence to recapitulate those observed in humans with COVID-19, providing helpful data to the pathophysiologic characterization of SARS-CoV-2-induced systemic disease and the development of effective treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Kimura Disease With Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiyun Fan ◽  
Guopeng Xu ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Jinghuan Lv ◽  
Zhongwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Kimura Disease ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Missed Diagnosis

Abstract Background: Kimura disease (KD) is a rare chronic idiopathic condition of unknown etiology that is prevalent in Asian males. It often causes subcutaneous lumps and enlarged lymph nodes, especially in head and neck region. But KD is also a systemic disease that can involve multiple organs, such as the kidneys and skin. Case presentation: Here, we report a 62-year-old Chinese man who was characterized by paroxysmal cough, enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, recurrent skin itching, and elevated IgE antibodies specific to A. fumigatus. After a comprehensive inspection, the final diagnosis for this patient was KD with Atopic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA). Conclusions: The age of onset and the location of the lump involved were not the most common. This study described the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process. The coexistence of the two special diseases will provide clinicians with some enlightenment on the etiology of KD. Moreover, we hope to arouse the attention of multidisciplinary team to explore the potential relationship between KD and ABPA. It will contribute to preventing the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of KD.

scholarly journals P-OGC71 Five positive lymph nodes are a significant negative indicator of survival in Oesophago-Gastric Cancer surgery: an 8-year study

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsin Parker ◽  
Amjid Riaz ◽  
Alan Askari ◽  
Ahmad Ebrahim ◽  
Cheuk-Bong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Positive Lymph Nodes

Abstract Background Number of positive lymph nodes involved is an important prognostic indicator in Oesophago-Gastric cancer survival post surgery. We present an 8 year study examining the number of lymph nodes involved and its impacts on long term cancer survival and in particular to determine whether there is a threshold after which survival is significantly worsened. Methods A prospectively maintained single-institution database containing data from all patients from Jan 2012 to Dec 2020 was analysed. Survival analyses were undertaken to determine the association between lymph node positivity and survival.  Results A total of 430 patients underwent surgery for gastro-oesophageal cancer (oesophagectomy: n = 311, 72.3%; gastrectomy n = 119, 27.7%) of which 80.2% were male and the median age was 68 years old (IQR: 61-74). A median of 23 nodes were examined (IQR 18-33) and a median of one lymph node was positive for cancer (IQR 0-3 lymph nodes). The majority of patients (59.3%) had a T3 tumour, 24.0% had T2, and 12.1% had a T1 tumour. Over a median follow up of 30 months (IQR 13-61), 61.2% of the study population were alive. Kaplan Meier analyses demonstrated that patients who had five or more positive nodes had a survival of 36.3 months (IQR: 24.4-48.3 months) compared to those with four or fewer nodes (45.8 months, IQR: 27.6-64.1 months, p > 0.001). Survival did not worsen further with a higher number of positive nodes. Conclusions This study shows that having five or more positive lymph nodes significantly worsens Oesophago-gastric cancer survival. These results may suggest that from the threshold of 5 positive nodes, OG cancer behaves as a systemic disease and thus impact on adjuvant treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Motor Pathophysiology Related to Dyspnea in COPD Evaluated by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Keisuke Miki
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Dynamic Lung Hyperinflation

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exertional dyspnea, which increases with the disease’s progression, reduces exercise tolerance and limits physical activity, leading to a worsening prognosis. It is necessary to understand the diverse mechanisms of dyspnea and take appropriate measures to reduce exertional dyspnea, as COPD is a systemic disease with various comorbidities. A treatment focusing on the motor pathophysiology related to dyspnea may lead to improvements such as reducing dynamic lung hyperinflation, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, and eventually exertional dyspnea. However, without cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), it may be difficult to understand the pathophysiological conditions during exercise. CPET facilitates understanding of the gas exchange and transport associated with respiration-circulation and even crosstalk with muscles, which is sometimes challenging, and provides information on COPD treatment strategies. For respiratory medicine department staff, CPET can play a significant role when treating patients with diseases that cause exertional dyspnea. This article outlines the advantages of using CPET to evaluate exertional dyspnea in patients with COPD.

scholarly journals Intranasal Infection of Ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 as a Model for Asymptomatic Human Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Helen E. Everett ◽  
Fabian Z. X. Lean ◽  
Alexander M. P. Byrne ◽  
Pauline M. van Diemen ◽  
Shelley Rhodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Genomic Sequence Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Ferrets were experimentally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronavirus 2) to assess infection dynamics and host response. During the resulting subclinical infection, viral RNA was monitored between 2 and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi), and reached a peak in the upper respiratory cavity between 4 and 6 dpi. Viral genomic sequence analysis in samples from three animals identified the Y453F nucleotide substitution relative to the inoculum. Viral RNA was also detected in environmental samples, specifically in swabs of ferret fur. Microscopy analysis revealed viral protein and RNA in upper respiratory tract tissues, notably in cells of the respiratory and olfactory mucosae of the nasal turbinates, including olfactory neuronal cells. Antibody responses to the spike and nucleoprotein were detected from 21 dpi, but virus-neutralizing activity was low. A second intranasal inoculation (re-exposure) of two ferrets after a 17-day interval did not produce re-initiation of viral RNA shedding, but did amplify the humoral response in one animal. Therefore, ferrets can be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 to model human asymptomatic infection.

scholarly journals Cytokine signatures of end organ injury in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis G. Gómez-Escobar ◽  
Katherine L. Hoffman ◽  
Justin J. Choi ◽  
Alain Borczuk ◽  
Steven Salvatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Cell Immunity

AbstractIncreasing evidence has shown that Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) severity is driven by a dysregulated immunologic response. We aimed to assess the differences in inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared to contemporaneously hospitalized controls and then analyze the relationship between these cytokines and the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and mortality. In this cohort study of hospitalized patients, done between March third, 2020 and April first, 2020 at a quaternary referral center in New York City we included adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and negative controls. Serum specimens were obtained on the first, second, and third hospital day and cytokines were measured by Luminex. Autopsies of nine cohort patients were examined. We identified 90 COVID-19 patients and 51 controls. Analysis of 48 inflammatory cytokines revealed upregulation of macrophage induced chemokines, T-cell related interleukines and stromal cell producing cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared to the controls. Moreover, distinctive cytokine signatures predicted the development of ARDS, AKI and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, macrophage-associated cytokines predicted ARDS, T cell immunity related cytokines predicted AKI and mortality was associated with cytokines of activated immune pathways, of which IL-13 was universally correlated with ARDS, AKI and mortality. Histopathological examination of the autopsies showed diffuse alveolar damage with significant mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, the kidneys demonstrated glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial lymphocyte infiltration and cortical and medullary atrophy. These patterns of cytokine expression offer insight into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease, its severity, and subsequent lung and kidney injury suggesting more targeted treatment strategies.

Lymph Node Infarction

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Strauchen ◽  
Lorraine K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

Abstract Context.—The etiology of lymph node infarction may be difficult or impossible to determine by histologic examination. Lymph node infarction is followed by malignant lymphoma in some but not all patients. The role of immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of lymph node infarction is not well defined. Although it is widely believed that necrotic tissue is not suitable for immunohistochemical study, this view may be inaccurate. Objective.—To determine whether lymphoid antigens are preserved in infarcted lymph nodes and to determine the utility of immunohistochemical staining in the evaluation of lymph node infarction. Design.—Retrospective immunohistochemical study of infarcted lymph nodes using archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Setting.—Academic medical center. Patients.—Eleven adult patients with lymph node infarction retrieved from pathology files. Main Outcome Measures.—Results of immunohistochemistry, diagnosis of lymphoma. Results.—Preservation of lymphoid antigens was observed in 4 of 6 cases of lymph node infarction associated with malignant lymphoma, including 3 of 5 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 1 case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Nonspecific staining was not encountered. In 1 case, in which an infarcted lymph node showed a benign pattern of lymphoid antigen expression, lymphoma has not developed after 5 years. Conclusion.—Lymphoid antigens are frequently preserved in cases of lymph node infarction, and immunohistochemical study of infarcted lymph nodes may provide clinically useful information.

scholarly journals Systemic acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in dogs in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T.S. Frade ◽  
Luiza F. de Melo ◽  
Clarice R.M. Pessoa ◽  
Jeann L. de Araújo ◽  
Rafael A. Fighera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow-reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry

scholarly journals NAFLD and Infection, a Nuanced Relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abimbola Adenote ◽  
Igor Dumic ◽  
Cristian Madrid ◽  
Christopher Barusya ◽  
Charles W. Nordstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Extrahepatic Manifestations ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased significantly over the last few decades mirroring the increase in obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. NAFLD has become one of the most common indications for liver transplantation. The deleterious effects of NAFLD are not isolated to the liver only, for it has been recognized as a systemic disease affecting multiple organs through protracted low-grade inflammation mediated by the metabolic activity of excessive fat tissue. Extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD such as cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and hypothyroidism have been well described in the literature. In recent years, it has become evident that patients suffering from NAFLD might be at higher risk of developing various infections. The proposed mechanism for this association includes links through hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, alterations in innate immunity, obesity, and vitamin D deficiency. Additionally, a risk independent of these factors mediated by alterations in gut microbiota might contribute to a higher burden of infections in these individuals. In this narrative review, we synthetize current knowledge on several infections including urinary tract infection, pneumonia, Helicobacter pylori, coronavirus disease 2019, and Clostridioides difficile as they relate to NAFLD. Additionally, we explore NAFLD’s association with hidradenitis suppurativa.

scholarly journals An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrissy Eckstrand ◽  
Tom Baldwin ◽  
Mia Kim Torchetti ◽  
Mary Lea Killian ◽  
Kerry A Rood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tracheobronchial Lymph Node ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred in multiple mink farms in Utah and was associated with high mink mortality and rapid viral transmission between animals. The outbreak's epidemiology, pathology, molecular characterization, and tissue distribution of virus within infected mink is provided. Infection of mink was likely by reverse zoonosis. Once established, infection spread rapidly between independently housed animals and farms, and caused severe respiratory disease and death. Clinical signs were most notably sudden death, anorexia, and increased respiratory effort. Gross pathology examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopically there was pulmonary edema with moderate vasculitis, perivasculitis, and fibrinous interstitial pneumonia. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in multiple organs including nasal turbinates, lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, epithelial surfaces, and others. Whole genome sequencing from multiple mink was consistent with published SARS-CoV-2 genomes with few polymorphisms. The Utah mink SARS-CoV-2 strain fell into Clade GH, which is unique among mink and other animal strains sequenced to date and did not share other spike RBD mutations Y453F and F486L found in mink. Localization of viral RNA by in situ hybridization revealed a more localized infection, particularly of the upper respiratory tract. Mink in the outbreak reported herein had high levels of virus in the upper respiratory tract associated with mink-to-mink transmission in a confined housing environment and were particularly susceptible to disease and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals A Review of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e4-e11
Author(s):  
John E. Conto
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell ◽  
Amniotic Membranes

Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can be secondary to multiple etiologies including contact lens wear, chemical or thermal trauma, and systemic disease, any of which can result in the reduction of the number of stem cells or their decreased functionality. Primary LSCD is seen with a variety of congenital anterior segment disorders. Often LSCD can be stabilized and timely diagnosis is the key. The use of topical corticosteroids and artificial tear lubricants, along with treatment of any underlying conditions, and discontinuation of contact lenses are important initial treatment strategies. Advance treatments include amniotic membranes, limbal stem cell transplantation and keratoprostheses.

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