Plant Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Tool for Topic Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Among chronic skin autoinflammatory diseases, Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) stands out for its chronicity, highly variable condition, and profound impact on the patients’ quality of life. HS is characterized by suppurative skin lesions in diverse body areas, including deep-seated painful nodules, abscesses, draining sinus, and bridged scars, among others, with typical topography. To date, HS is considered a refractory disease and medical treatments aim to reduce the incidence, the infection, and the pain of the lesions. For this purpose, different classes of drugs, including anti-inflammatory molecules, antibiotics and biological drugs are being used. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called defense peptides, emerge as a new class of therapeutic compounds, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial action, in addition to reports on their anti-inflammatory, healing, and immunomodulating activity. Such peptides are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as part of the innate eukaryotic immune system. It has been proposed that a deregulation in the expression of AMPs in human epithelial tissues of HS patients may be associated with the etiology of this skin disease. In this scenario, plant AMPs stand out for their richness, diversity of types, and broad antimicrobial effects, with potential application for topical systemic use in patients affected by HS.

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Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the host-skin microbiota interface in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

10.1101/2020.08.25.20181438 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laure Guenin-Mace ◽

Jean-David Morel ◽

Jean-Marc Doisne ◽

Angele Schiavo ◽

Lysiane Boulet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Kynurenine Pathway ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Skin Microbiota ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

Tryptophan Catabolism ◽

Chronic Skin

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disorder of unknown etiology that manifests as recurrent, painful lesions. Cutaneous dysbiosis and unresolved inflammation are hallmarks of active HS, but their origin and interplay remain unclear. Our metabolomic profiling of HS skin revealed an abnormal induction of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan catabolism in dermal fibroblasts correlating with the release of KP-inducing cytokines by inflammatory cell infiltrates. Notably, over-activation of the KP in lesional skin was associated with local and systemic depletion in tryptophan. Yet the skin microbiota normally degrades host tryptophan into indoles regulating tissue inflammation via engagement of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). In HS skin lesions, we detected contextual defects in AHR activation coinciding with impaired production of bacteria-derived AHR agonists and decreased incidence of AHR ligand-producing bacteria in the resident flora. Dysregulation of tryptophan catabolism at the skin-microbiota interface thus provides a mechanism linking the immunological and microbiological features of HS lesions. In addition to revealing metabolic alterations in HS patients, our study suggests that correcting AHR signaling would help restore immune homeostasis in HS skin.

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Traditional Herbal Medicines, Newer Herbs and Other Novel Approaches Integrated in Herbal Medicine for Atopic Dermatitis-A Narrative Review

Current Drug Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574885514666191018165209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 194-208

Author(s):

Pravin Kumar ◽

Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽

Mahendra Singh Ashawat

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Biological Drugs ◽

Alternative Treatment Option

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a prolonged reverting skin ailment with characteristically distributed skin lesions. In the previous decades, researchers had shown a marked interest in AD due to its increased prevalence in developed countries. Although different strategies including biological and immune modulators are available for the treatment of AD, each has certain limitations. The researchers had shown considerable interest in the management of AD with herbal medicines. The establishment of herbal drugs for AD might eliminate local as well as systemic adverse effects associated with long term use of corticosteroids and also higher cost of therapy with biological drugs. The present review discusses the traditional East Asian herbal medicines and scientific data related to newer herbal extracts or compositions for the treatment of AD. In vivo animal models and in vitro cell cultures, investigated with herbal medicines to establish a possible role in AD treatment, have also been discussed in the paper. The paper also highlights the role of certain new approaches, i.e. pharmacopuncture, a combination of allopathic and herbal medicines; and novel carriers (liposomes, cubosomes) for herbal drugs on atopic skin. In conclusion, herbal medicines can be a better and safe, complementary and alternative treatment option for AD.

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Chronic Skin Lesions in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526518666180411095823 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eleonora Margherita Chisari ◽

Borzi Antonio Maria ◽

Luca Salvatore ◽

Chisari Giuseppe ◽

Chisari Clara Grazia

Keyword(s):

Skin Lesions ◽

Chronic Skin ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Peripheral Arterial Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3601

Author(s):

Goren Saenz-Pipaon ◽

Esther Martinez-Aguilar ◽

Josune Orbe ◽

Arantxa González Miqueo ◽

Leopoldo Fernandez-Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Cardiac Damage ◽

Thrombotic Occlusion ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

Inflammatory Molecules

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is a chronic illness predominantly of atherosclerotic aetiology, associated to traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. It is one of the most prevalent CV conditions worldwide in subjects >65 years, estimated to increase greatly with the aging of the population, becoming a severe socioeconomic problem in the future. The narrowing and thrombotic occlusion of the lower limb arteries impairs the walking function as the disease progresses, increasing the risk of CV events (myocardial infarction and stroke), amputation and death. Despite its poor prognosis, PAD patients are scarcely identified until the disease is advanced, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers for PAD patient stratification, that might also contribute to define more personalized medical treatments. In this review, we will discuss the usefulness of inflammatory molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cardiac damage markers, as well as novel components of the liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and non-coding RNAs for lower limb PAD identification, stratification, and outcome assessment. We will also explore the potential of machine learning methods to build prediction models to refine PAD assessment. In this line, the usefulness of multimarker approaches to evaluate this complex multifactorial disease will be also discussed.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 improves saturated fat-induced obesity mouse model through the enhanced intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85449-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thunnicha Ondee ◽

Krit Pongpirul ◽

Peerapat Visitchanakun ◽

Wilasinee Saisorn ◽

Suthicha Kanacharoen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Hepg2 Cells ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Molecules

AbstractObesity, a major healthcare problem worldwide, induces metabolic endotoxemia through the gut translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, causing a chronic inflammatory state. A combination of several probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 (LA5), a potent lactic acid-producing bacterium, has previously been shown to attenuate obesity. However, data on the correlation between a single administration of LA5 versus microbiota alteration might be helpful for the probiotic adjustment. LA5 was administered daily together with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks in mice. Furthermore, the condition media of LA5 was also tested in a hepatocyte cell-line (HepG2 cells). Accordingly, LA5 attenuated obesity in mice as demonstrated by weight reduction, regional fat accumulation, lipidemia, liver injury (liver weight, lipid compositions, and liver enzyme), gut permeability defect, endotoxemia, and serum cytokines. Unsurprisingly, LA5 improved these parameters and acidified fecal pH leads to the attenuation of fecal dysbiosis. The fecal microbiome analysis in obese mice with or without LA5 indicated; (i) decreased Bacteroidetes (Gram-negative anaerobes that predominate in non-healthy conditions), (ii) reduced total fecal Gram-negative bacterial burdens (the sources of gut LPS), (iii) enhanced Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria with potential benefits) and (iv) increased Verrucomycobia, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium with the anti-obesity property. With LA5 administration, A. muciniphila in the colon were more than 2,000 folds higher than the regular diet mice as determined by 16S rRNA. Besides, LA5 produced anti-inflammatory molecules with a similar molecular weight to LPS that reduced cytokine production in LPS-activated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, LA5 attenuated obesity through (i) gut dysbiosis attenuation, partly through the promotion of A. muciniphila (probiotics with the difficulty in preparation processes), (ii) reduced endotoxemia, and (iii) possibly decreased liver injury by producing the anti-inflammatory molecules.

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Sesquiterpene Lactones: Promising Natural Compounds to Fight Inflammation

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13070991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 991

Author(s):

Melanie S. Matos ◽

José D. Anastácio ◽

Cláudia Nunes dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Physiological State ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Inflammatory Pathways ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Molecules

Inflammation is a crucial and complex process that reestablishes the physiological state after a noxious stimulus. In pathological conditions the inflammatory state may persist, leading to chronic inflammation and causing tissue damage. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are composed of a large and diverse group of highly bioactive plant secondary metabolites, characterized by a 15-carbon backbone structure. In recent years, the interest in SLs has risen due to their vast array of biological activities beneficial for human health. The anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds results from their ability to target and inhibit various key pro-inflammatory molecules enrolled in diverse inflammatory pathways, and prevent or reduce the inflammatory damage on tissues. Research on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SLs has thrived over the last years, and numerous compounds from diverse plants have been studied, using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. Besides their anti-inflammatory potential, their cytotoxicity, structure–activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics have been investigated. This review aims to gather the most relevant results and insights concerning the anti-inflammatory potential of SL-rich extracts and pure SLs, focusing on their effects in different inflammatory pathways and on different molecular players.

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MCPIP1/Regnase-1 Expression in Keratinocytes of Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Preliminary Results

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7241

Author(s):

Piotr K. Krajewski ◽

Weronika Szukała ◽

Agata Lichawska-Cieślar ◽

Łukasz Matusiak ◽

Jolanta Jura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Blot ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Lesional Skin ◽

Chemotactic Protein ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Mrna And Protein Expression ◽

Skin Biopsies

The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is yet to be fully understood. However, inflammation is a key element in the development of skin lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) in the skin of patients suffering from HS. Skin biopsies of 15 patients with HS and 15 healthy controls were obtained and processed for immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real time PCR. The highest mean MCPIP1 mRNA expression was found in the inflammatory lesional skin of HS patients. It was significantly higher than MCPIP1 mRNA expression in the biopsies from both healthy controls and non-lesional skin of HS patients. Western blot analysis indicated that expression of MCPIP1 was elevated within both lesional and non-lesional skin compared to the healthy control. The increased MCPIP1 mRNA and protein expression level in HS lesions may indicate its possible role in the disease pathogenesis.

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Low Back Pain in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Diagnosis Not to Miss!

Case Reports in Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000490880 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 187-189

Author(s):

Benjamin Schnebert ◽

Véronique del Marmol ◽

Farida Benhadou

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Skin Area ◽

Low Back ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

The Right ◽

Altered Sensitivity

We report the case of a patient suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa since puberty and complaining of chronic low back pain associated to altered sensitivity and muscular weakness in the right leg. A diagnosis of lumbosciatica was confirmed. Symptoms were not relieved after the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics. A surgical decompression was then indicated but heavily debated. Indeed, extended inflammatory and fibrotic hidradenitis suppurativa lesions were located regarding the skin area eligible for the proposed surgery. A combined therapy with clindamycine/rifampicin was started and the surgery was postponed. A complete remission of the articular symptoms was observed 1 month after the start of the antibiotherapy and the inflammatory skin lesions were greatly improved. With the presentation of this clinical case, we would like to discuss the spectrum of rheumatic disorders associated to hidradenitis suppurativa that needs to be correctly diagnosed and taken into consideration in the therapeutic management of the patient.

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Hidradenitis Suppurativa: “A surgical Update with Review of Literature”

10.47363/jsar/2021(2)123 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

UwaisRiaz Ul Hasan ◽

◽

Farooq Qureishi ◽

Khathija Hasan ◽

Nidal Khraisat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Skin Condition ◽

The Body ◽

Fistula Formation ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Foul Smell ◽

Chronic Skin ◽

End Stage

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease primarily affecting the sweat glands apocrine zone of the body and what starts initially as an abscess progresses to nodules, sinus tracts, with cicatrisation fistula formation and ulcers. It is common to see all the stages of clinical spectrum viz multiple solitary abscess to nodules with sinus, fistulas with ulceration and cicatrisation in chronic patients. This chronic illness takes a toll on the psyche of these individuals as the need to avoid foul smell and the constant need for dressing dictate their social life. The patients are notoriously know for follow up for years. A low self-esteem and depression are companions of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) individuals. Early involvement of the surgeon can substantially improve the progress and evolution of this chronic skin condition and could obviate the development of SCC the end stage of all Chronic neglected Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) cases especially in the hi risk older age group of individuals

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Streptococcus pyogenes cluster in a care home in England April to June 2010

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.16.47.20021-en ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (47) ◽

Author(s):

L M Milne ◽

T Lamagni ◽

A Efstratiou ◽

C Foley ◽

J Gilman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Infection Control ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Care Home ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

First Case ◽

Chronic Skin ◽

And Training ◽

Culture Negative

Two fatal cases of Streptococcus pyogenes emm st22.6 bacteraemia occurred in a care home in England during April and June 2010, initiating a cluster investigation. The first case had left the home 13 days before the second case took up residence. We sought further cases and carriers. We swabbed throat and chronic skin lesions from residents and staff and examined these specimens for the presence of S. pyogenes. 61 specimens were taken from 18 of 19 residents and 39 of 39 staff. All results from swabbing were culture negative. We observed infection control practices and the environment at the care home for deficiencies. Issues were identified relating to the correct use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, clinical waste and laundry. Infection control practices were improved and training given. Infection control practices and the environment at a care home should be examined as part of the investigation of a S. pyogenes cluster. Screening for carriage of S. pyogenes should be done before antibiotic chemoprophylaxis is issued to care home residents and staff.

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