scholarly journals Prediction Along a Developmental Perspective in Psychiatry: How Far Might We Go?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Nees ◽  
Lorenz Deserno ◽  
Nathalie E. Holz ◽  
Marcel Romanos ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current State ◽  
Childhood Problems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Impairments ◽  
Integrate Data ◽  
Epidemiological Cohort

Most mental disorders originate in childhood, and once symptoms present, a variety of psychosocial and cognitive maladjustments may arise. Although early childhood problems are generally associated with later mental health impairments and psychopathology, pluripotent transdiagnostic trajectories may manifest. Possible predictors range from behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms, genetic predispositions, environmental and social factors, and psychopathological comorbidity. They may manifest in altered neurodevelopmental trajectories and need to be validated capitalizing on large-scale multi-modal epidemiological longitudinal cohorts. Moreover, clinical and etiological variability between patients with the same disorders represents a major obstacle to develop effective treatments. Hence, in order to achieve stratification of patient samples opening the avenue of adapting and optimizing treatment for the individual, there is a need to integrate data from multi-dimensionally phenotyped clinical cohorts and cross-validate them with epidemiological cohort data. In the present review, we discuss these aspects in the context of externalizing and internalizing disorders summarizing the current state of knowledge, obstacles, and pitfalls. Although a large number of studies have already increased our understanding on neuropsychobiological mechanisms of mental disorders, it became also clear that this knowledge might only be the tip of the Eisberg and that a large proportion still remains unknown. We discuss prediction strategies and how the integration of different factors and methods may provide useful contributions to research and at the same time may inform prevention and intervention.

scholarly journals Perinatal mental health around the world: priorities for research and service development in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwawi Ng'oma ◽  
Tesera Bitew ◽  
Malinda Kaiyo-Utete ◽  
Charlotte Hanlon ◽  
Simone Honikman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Right

Africa is a diverse and changing continent with a rapidly growing population, and the mental health of mothers is a key health priority. Recent studies have shown that: perinatal common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) are at least as prevalent in Africa as in high-income and other low- and middle-income regions; key risk factors include intimate partner violence, food insecurity and physical illness; and poor maternal mental health is associated with impairment of infant health and development. Psychological interventions can be integrated into routine maternal and child healthcare in the African context, although the optimal model and intensity of intervention remain unclear and are likely to vary across settings. Future priorities include: extension of research to include neglected psychiatric conditions; large-scale mixed-method studies of the causes and consequences of perinatal common mental disorders; scaling up of locally appropriate evidence-based interventions, including prevention; and advocacy for the right of all women in Africa to safe holistic maternity care.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Adjustment Disorder in Lithuanian Healthcare in 2018–2020: A Nation-Wide Cohort Study of the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Odeta Gelezelyte ◽  
Auguste Nomeikaite ◽  
Paulina Zelviene
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
National Healthcare

Multiple empirical studies have revealed significant pandemic effects of COVID-19 on mental health in various populations. This study aimed to analyze the incidences of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorder (AjD) in national healthcare in 2018–2020 in one of the European countries—Lithuania—and estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on PTSD and AjD incidences in 2020. The national healthcare registry was used for estimations of diagnosis of PTSD, AjD, and major depressive disorder (MD). The study revealed that stress-related disorders PTSD and AjD are diagnosed rarely, resulting in a considerable gap between the expected prevalence and incidences of these diagnoses in healthcare in Lithuania. Moreover, a significant decline in mental disorders incidence in healthcare in 2020, in comparison to 2018 and 2019, was found, revealing that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on access to healthcare services and increased barriers for mental disorders treatment. The study indicates that major developments in building up knowledge about the effects of trauma and life stressors on mental health are needed in Lithuania and other countries to increase awareness about stress-related disorders and improve care for trauma survivors, in particular in the context of the pandemics or other large-scale disasters.

scholarly journals Is there a role of gut microbiota in mental health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Lange ◽  
Katharina M. Lange ◽  
Yukiko Nakamura ◽  
Shigehiko Kanaya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Intervention Trials

Research on the interaction between gut microbiota and the brain may have implications for our understanding of brain function, cognition, behavior and mental health. The literature on gut microbiota and its role in the pathophysiology and potential treatment of mental disorders has proliferated in recent years. Several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, have been linked to the gut microbiota. The present perspective discusses the promise and pitfalls of gut microbiota research in relation to mental health. The manipulation of intestinal microbes in animals has revealed connections between gut microbiota and both normal and pathological brain functions. The hope fueling this research is that gut microbiota could be harnessed to prevent and treat mental disorders. The links observed between an imbalance of gut microbiota and impaired behavioral and mental states in humans are correlational. It is therefore essential to establish cause and effect relationships. No distinct gut microbiota patterns linked to different mental disorders have yet been identified. Large-scale, longitudinal trials need to examine whether the gut microbiota is a valid therapeutic target for mental disorders and whether pre-clinical findings and initial results of intervention trials (e.g., administration of probiotics) are of clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Effects of Happiness on Mental Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Gopal Chandra Mahakud ◽  
Ritika Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Psychic Disorders ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Individual

The concept of mental health comprised to the health conditions of people without suffering any mental or psychological problem such as stress, depression, anxiety and other form of psychic disorders. In this regard it can be said that no one is free from and psychological, psycho-physical and psycho-social disorders from which we can derive that no one mentally healthy. But the concept of mental health defined free from the disorders those are prolonged and panic in nature. As the concept of mental health is subjective in nature, it varies from person to person. Besides free from the disorders, a person should pose some of the other positive characteristics to deal with the society effectively. Marry (1958) stated that, a person can be considered mentally healthy with the following characteristics such as (a) Positive attitudes toward himself/herself; (b) Realization of own potentialities through action; (c); Unification of in personality; (d) Degree of independence of social influences; (e) observations of the world around; and (f) Positive adapts to everyday life. Briefly, it can be said that positive mental health of the person make able to an individual to stand on his own two feet without making undue demands or impositions of others. In this regard the role of happiness in day to day life can make the individual more skilled to fight with different mental disorders. The present article is intended to find out the effects of happiness in day to day life in a social situation to deal with different mental disorders to make the individual mentally healthy and prosperous in life.

Economic analysis of mental health services

2012 ◽  
pp. 1473-1480
Author(s):  
Martin Knapp ◽  
Dan Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

Economics is concerned with the use and distribution of resources within a society, and how different ways of allocating resources impact on the well-being of individuals. Economics enters the health sphere because resources available to meet societal needs or demands are finite, meaning that choices have to be made regarding how best to allocate them (typically to generate the greatest possible level of population health). Economics provides an explicit framework for thinking through ways of allocating resources. Resource allocation decisions in mental health are complicated by the fact that disorders are common, debilitating, and often long-lasting. Epidemiological research has demonstrated the considerable burden that mental disorders impose because of their prevalence, chronicity, and severity: globally, more than 10 per cent of lost years of healthy life and over 30 per cent of all years lived with disability are attributable to mental disorders. Low rates of recognition and effective treatment compound the problem, particularly in poor countries. However, disease burden is not in itself sufficient as a justification or mechanism for resource allocation or priority-setting. A disorder can place considerable burden on a population but if appropriate strategies to reduce this burden are absent or extremely expensive in relation to the health gains achieved, large-scale investment would be considered misplaced. The reason is that scarce resources could be more efficiently channelled to other burdensome conditions for which cost-effective responses were available. For priority-setting and resource allocation, it is necessary to ask what amount of burden from a disorder can be avoided by using evidence-based interventions, and at what relative cost of implementation in the target population. Cost and cost-effectiveness considerations enter into health care reform processes, priority-setting exercises within and across health programmes, and regulatory decisions concerning drug approval or pricing. Two broad levels of economic analysis can be distinguished: macro and micro.

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oye Gureje ◽  
Victor O. Lasebikan ◽  
Lola Kola ◽  
Victor A. Makanjuola
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

BackgroundLarge-scale community studies of the prevalence of mental disorders using standardised assessment tools are rare in sub-Saharan Africa.AimsTo conduct such a study.MethodMultistage stratified clustered sampling of households in the Yoruba-speaking parts of Nigeria. Face-to-face interviews used the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI).ResultsOf the 4984 people interviewed (response rate 79.9%), 12.1% had a lifetime rate of at least one DSM–IV disorder and 5.8% had 12-month disorders. Anxiety disorders were the most common (5.7% lifetime, 4.1% 12-month rates) but virtually no generalised anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder were identified. Of the 23% who had seriously disabling disorders, only about 8% had received treatment in the preceding 12 months. Treatment was mostly provided by general medical practitioners; only a few were treated by alternative practitioners such as traditional healers.ConclusionsThe observed low rates seem to reflect demographic and ascertainment factors. There was a large burden of unmet need for care among people with serious disorders.

scholarly journals An integrative study of five biological clocks in somatic and mental health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Jansen ◽  
Josine Verhoeven ◽  
Laura KM Han ◽  
Karolina A Aberg ◽  
Edwin CGJ van den Oord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Integrative Study ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTBiological clocks have been developed at different molecular levels and were found to be more advanced in the presence of somatic illnesses and mental disorders. However, it is unclear whether different biological clocks reflect similar aging processes and determinants. In ~3000 subjects, we examined whether 5 biological clocks (telomere length, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic clocks) were interrelated and associated to somatic and mental health determinants. Correlations between biological clocks were small (all r<0.2), indicating little overlap. The most consistent associations with the advanced biological clocks were found for male sex, higher BMI, metabolic syndrome, smoking and depression. As compared to the individual clocks, a composite index of all five clocks showed most pronounced associations with health determinants. The large effect sizes of the composite index and the low correlation between biological clocks, indicate that one’s biological age is best reflected by combining aging measures from multiple cellular levels.

scholarly journals A musicoterapia em pacientes portadores de transtorno mental

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Vagner Marins Barcelos ◽  
Enéas Rangel Teixeira ◽  
Ana Beatriz de Nazareth Ribeiro ◽  
Lucas Duarte Braga da Silva ◽  
Diego Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychiatric Nursing ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nursing Health

RESUMOObjetivo: identificar os fatores positivos da musicoterapia em pacientes com transtornos mentais. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada de 2007-2017. As produções foram localizadas no mês de março de 2017, nas bases de dados Lilacs, BDEnf, Medline. Após sucessivas leituras dos artigos, foi selecionado 6 artigos, e os dados foram agrupados utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: foi observado que a musicoterapia pode ser utilizada como forma complementar de tratamento não farmacológico para auxiliar no restabelecimento do equilíbrio psíquico do indivíduo portador de transtornos mentais. Conclusão: com base no estudo apresentado, conclui-se que a musicoterapia como método terapêutico complementar atua de forma significativa na melhora do quadro clínico/psicológico do cliente, ao proporcionar melhora nas funções fisiológicas e cognitivas, sendo a restauração potencializada através do bem-estar, compartilhamento de suas emoções e a promoção da autonomia do paciente durante o cuidado. Descritores: Enfermagem; Enfermagem Psiquiátrica; Saúde; Saúde Mental; Musicoterapia; Pacientes.ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the positive factors of music therapy in patients with mental disorders. Method: integrative review, performed in 2007-2017. The productions were located in March 2017, on Lilacs, BDEnf and Medline databases. After successive readings of the articles, six articles were selected, and the data were grouped using a content analysis technique. Results: music therapy can be used as a complementary form of non-pharmacological treatment to assist in restoring mental equilibrium of the individual with mental disorders. Conclusion: Based on the presented study, music therapy, as a therapeutic complementary method, significantly improves the client’s clinical/psychological condition, when providing improvement in physiological and cognitive functions, maximizing the restoration through the well-being, sharing their emotions and promoting autonomy of the patient during the care. Descriptors: Nursing; Psychiatric Nursing; Health; Mental Health; Music Therapy; Patiens.RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores positivos de la musicoterapia en pacientes con trastornos mentales. Método: revisión integrativa, realizada en 2007-2017. Las producciones fueron localizadas en el mes de marzo de 2017 en las bases de datos BDEnf, Lilacs, Medline. Después sucesivas lecturas de los artículos, se seleccionaron seis artículos y se agruparon los datos mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: se observó que la musicoterapia puede ser utilizada como una forma complementaria de tratamiento no farmacológico para ayudar a restablecer el equilibrio mental del individuo portador de trastornos mentales. Conclusión: según el estudio presentado, se concluye que la musicoterapia como método terapéutico complementar actúa en forma significativa en la mejora de la evolución clínica y/o psicológica del cliente, al proporcionar mejoras en las funciones cognitivas y fisiológicas, siendo la restauración maximizada a través del bienestar, compartimiento de sus emociones y la promoción de la autonomía del paciente durante el tratamiento. Descriptores: Enfermería; Enfermería Psiquiátrica; Salud; Salud Mental; Musicoterapia; Pacientes.

scholarly journals The Role of Family and Community in The Treatment of Mental Disorder Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-005
Author(s):  
Tutut Pujianto ◽  
Retno Ardanari Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Family Role ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

Mental health is an integral part of health, and a condition that affects the physical, mental, and  social  development  of  the  individual  optimally.  Mental  disorder  is  disturbances  in:  cognitive, volition, emotion (affective), and actions (psychomotor). Mental disorder is a collection of abnormal circumstances, whether physically related, or mentally. It is divided into two groups, namely: mental disorder  (neurosis)  and  mental  illness  (psychosis).  Mental  disorder  is  caused  by  some  of  the  above causes affected simultaneously or coincidence occurs. The purpose of this study was to increase the role of family and society in the treatment of mental disorder patients which was consequently could reduce the number of mental disorders patients This research used obsevational design with descriptive analy- sis. The subjects were family members who treat mental disorder patients as much as 16 respondents. The data collection was done in October 2012. The family role data grouped into appropriate and inappro- priate  category.  The  research  found  that  11  people  (68.75%)  in  the  category  of  inappropriate,  and appropriate by 5 people (31.25%), with average family role of 63.19%. The higher of inappropriate category was because 9 respondents (56.25%) in the age of elderly (> 50 years). This condition caused a decrease in the ability to perform daily activities, including health treatment. There were 4 patients who have been treated for 7-14 years, so the family feels accustomed to the condition of the patient. There were 8 people (50%) in productive age treated the patients, so it could not be done continuously. Based on these conditions, there should be efforts to increase knowledge and willingness of the patients and families, in caring for patients with mental disorders. The examples of such activities were to consult with the nearest health employees, and report to the health worker if there is a risky condition immedi- ately.

Current State of Psychiatric Nosology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. First
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

Psychiatric classifications categorize how patients present to mental health care professionals and are necessarily utilitarian. From the clinician’s perspective, the most important goal of a psychiatric classification is to assist them in managing their patients’ psychiatric conditions by facilitating the selection of effective interventions and predicting management needs and outcomes. Due to the field’s lack of understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the psychiatric disorders in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), diagnosis and treatment are only loosely related, thus limiting clinical utility. Both DSM and the chapter on mental and behavioral disorders in ICD adopted a descriptive atheoretical categorical approach that defines mental disorders according to syndromal patterns of presenting symptoms. This chapter discusses the fundamental challenges that underlie this decision. It then reviews the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, a research framework established by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to assist researchers in relating the fundamental domains of behavioral functioning to their underlying neurobiological components. Designed to support the acquisition of knowledge of causal mechanisms underlying mental disorders, RDoC may facilitate a future paradigm shift in the classification of mental disorder.

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