scholarly journals Processing Technologies for Bee Products: An Overview of Recent Developments and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Luo ◽  
Yating Dong ◽  
Chen Gu ◽  
Xueli Zhang ◽  
Haile Ma
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fluidized Bed Drying ◽  
Accelerated Studies ◽  
New Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques

Increased demand for a more balanced, healthy, and safe diet has accelerated studies on natural bee products (including honey, bee bread, bee collected pollen royal jelly, propolis, beeswax, and bee venom) over the past decade. Advanced food processing techniques, such as ultrasonication and microwave and infrared (IR) irradiation, either has gained popularity as alternatives or combined with conventional processing techniques for diverse applications in apiculture products at laboratory or industrial scale. The processing techniques used for each bee products have comprehensively summarized in this review, including drying (traditional drying, infrared drying, microwave-assisted traditional drying or vacuum drying, and low temperature high velocity-assisted fluidized bed drying), storage, extraction, isolation, and identification; the assessment methods related to the quality control of bee products are also fully mentioned. The different processing techniques applied in bee products aim to provide more healthy active ingredients largely and effectively. Furthermore, improved the product quality with a shorter processing time and reduced operational cost are achieved using conventional or emerging processing techniques. This review will increase the positive ratings of the combined new processing techniques according to the needs of the bee products. The importance of the models for process optimization on a large scale is also emphasized in the future.

scholarly journals Cost-Efficient Composite Processing Techniques for Aerospace Applications – A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 1465-1470
Author(s):  
Babak Ganjeh ◽  
Mohd Roshdi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Industry ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Composite Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
New Generation

Composite materials have been used in aircraft components since the early beginning of aircraft industry establishment.Undenaible advantages of composites in mechanical properties and light weight in comparison with conventional metal alloys make them desirable alternative for fabrication of different aircraft components. However, quality concerns and high costs of processing tackle the extensive usage of composites in aircraft structure, until the past decade, introducing new generation of composite processing techniques, needless of traditional autoclave processing and capable of fabricating aerospace-grade quality composite parts more time and cost efficiently. In this paper concise review over recent cost-efficient composite processing technologies with proven practicality in commercial aircraft applications, is presented.

Approaches to the Design and Processing of Novel Titanium Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Colleen J. Bettles ◽  
Rimma Lapovok ◽  
H.P. Ng ◽  
Dacian Tomus ◽  
Barry C. Muddle
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Shape Processing ◽  
New Processing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques

The range of commercial titanium alloys available is currently extremely restricted, with one alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), and derivatives of it, accounting for a very large proportion of all applications. High performance alloys are costly to fabricate and limited to low-volume applications that can sustain the cost. With the emergence of new processing technologies that promise to reduce significantly the cost of production of titanium metal, especially in powder form, there is an emerging imperative for cost-effective near net shape powder processing techniques to permit the benefit of reduced metal cost to be passed on to higher-volume applications. Equally, there is a need for the design and development of new alloys that are intrinsically low-cost and lend themselves to fabrication by novel cost-effective net shape processing. The approaches that might be used to select, design and process both conventional alloys and novel alloy systems will be reviewed, with a focus on innovation in design of low-cost alloys amenable to new processing paths and increasingly tolerant of variability in composition.

scholarly journals Practical Use of Hot-Forged-Type Ti-42Al-5Mn and Various Recent Improvements

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
Toshimitsu Tetsui
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tial Alloy ◽  
Developmental Status ◽  
Isothermal Forging ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments

The use of a hot-forged TiAl alloy enables the fabrication of large parts that are difficult to manufacture by casting or isothermal forging. Ti-42Al-5Mn (at%) is the world’s first TiAl alloy in this category and has been used to manufacture practical large-scale structural defense components since around 2010. This paper discusses the developmental status and practical applications of this alloy. In addition, recent developments in process stabilization and improvements in material properties, which have been issues for the practical use of this TiAl alloy in the past, are also discussed.

Curating Sociology

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 40-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Puwar ◽  
Sanjay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Sociological Imagination ◽  
History Of Sociology ◽  
Public Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

Building on the range of methods available to the roaming sociological imagination, curating sociology is concerned with instituting ‘live’ public encounters. Contending that there are practices in the history of sociology that can be considered instances of curating sociology, this article makes a case for harnessing these to inventive research processes today. The discussion in this article draws attention to recent developments in curating before excavating a selection of practices within sociology upon which we can reflexively build live methods with consideration to creative collaborations, publicness and exhibiting as research. Each of these involves a degree of mutation within the craft of sociology. By way of illustration, the final section of the article explores an in-depth case study of curating sociology for the Noise of the Past project, which involved us, as sociologists, collaborating with creative practitioners and ‘curating’ a large-scale public event.

scholarly journals Herbs and Spices—New Processing Technologies. Syzygium aromaticum: Medicinal Properties and Phytochemical Screening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Kumar ◽  
Deepak Mishra ◽  
Mukesh Chandra Joshi ◽  
Priyanka Mishra ◽  
Megha Tanwar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
New Processing ◽  
Herbs And Spices

All over the world, Plants have found to be a valuable source of herbs and spices for a long period of time to maintain the human health. Varieties of herbs and spices have been used to impart an aroma and taste to food for last few centuries. Several applications of plants species have been reported as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and antimicrobial activities. Currently efforts are focused on their scientific merits, to provide science-based evidence for their traditional uses and to develop either functional foods or nutraceutical behavior. India is well recognized all over the world for their variety of herbs, spices and medicinal biodiversity. The WHO has listed more than 21000 plants, which are used for their medicinal purposes either in the form of essential oil or in the form of flavor. Among these, more than 2500 species and herbs are found in India, however; among them more than 150 species are used commercially on large scale. In India, the use of spices and herbs in the form of essential oil or in the form of flavor are traditionally used in routine treatment. For example, Curcumin which is found in turmeric are frequently used in medical facilities to wound healing, rheumatic disorders, and gastrointestinal symptoms etc.

scholarly journals Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Larouche ◽  
Farouk Tedjar ◽  
Kamyab Amouzegar ◽  
Georges Houlachi ◽  
Patrick Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
Alternative Solutions

An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.

Twenty-Five Years of Eastern Archaeology

1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Haag
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractArchaeological research in the Eastern United States is reviewed from the period of large-scale excavations sponsored by federal relief agencies to the present period of trend toward interdisciplinary approaches. An early interest was the identification of the archaeological ancestors of historically and ethnographically known tribes. The need for objective and descriptive classifications led to the development of the McKern or Midwestern Taxonomic Method. Recent developments include the use of functional and evolutionary concepts experimentation with statistics to validate analytical and classificatory techniques, discovery of stratigraphic evidence and the perfection of seriational techniques, emphasis on the value of geological and biological data and the combination of these with archaeological information to produce an ecological approach, and attempts at broad culture-historical synthesis. The introduction of radiocarbon dating, which exposed the extremely conservative time estimates of Eastern archaeologists by greatly lengthening the chronologies, is seen as the major contribution of the past 25 years.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Processing of Proteins and DNA in Alternative Solvents: A Sustainable Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosy Alphons Sequeira ◽  
Jitkumar Bhatt ◽  
Kamalesh Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Neoteric Solvents ◽  
Activity Loss ◽  
Conventional Systems

Throughout numerous research works on biomacromolecules, several breakthrough innovations have occurred in the field of biomacromolecule processing. Remarkable improvements have been made so far to address the problems associated with biomacromolecule processing technologies in terms of enhancing the efficiency of the processes. Green technology broadly focuses on the search for new techno-economic systems to replace the conventional systems which exhibit pernicious consequences for the environment and the health of organisms. The strategy practiced popularly is the use of alternate solvent systems, replacing the conventional toxic, volatile, and harsh organic solvents to prevent denaturation, biotransformation, enzyme activity loss, and degradation of biomacromolecules. Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as greener alternatives over the past two decades and there has been an exponential increase in reports in the literature. The utility of neoteric solvents in biomacromolecule treatment may be envisaged for industrial processes in the near future. The current state of the art regarding the recent developments made over the past few years using neoteric solvents has been reviewed in this article. The recent scientific developments regarding the use of these neoteric solvents, especially ILs and DESs, for processes such as solubilization, extraction, and functionalization of biomacromolecules, especially proteins and DNA, have been addressed in this article. This review may be beneficial for designing novel and selective methodologies for the processing of biomacromolecules, opening doors for better material research in areas such as biotechnology and biological sciences.

Wilfred Ethier. Modern International Economics. New York: W. W. Norton and Company. 1983. xviii + 588 pp.

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Nadeem A. Burney
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
New York ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
International Economics ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The Past ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Recent Developments

Its been long recognized that various economies of the world are interlinked through international trade. The experience of the past several years, however, has demonstrated that this economic interdependence is far greater than was previously realized. In this context, the importance of international economic theory as an area distinct from general economics hardly needs any mentioning. What gives international economic theory this distinction is international markets for some goods and effects of national sovereignty on the character of economic activity. Wilfred Ethier's book, which incorporates recent developments in the field, is an excellent addition to textbooks on international economics for one- or twosemester undergraduate courses. The book mostly covers standard topics. A distinguishing feature of this book is its detailed analysis of the flexible exchange rates and a discussion of the various approaches used for their determination. Within each chapter, the author has extensively used facts, figures and major events to clarify the concepts in the light of the theoretical framework. The book also discusses, in a fair amount of detail, the existing international monetary system and the role of various international organizations.

Molecular Epidemiology and Biomarkers in Etiologic Cancer Research: The New in Light of the Old

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Generation

The purpose of this review is to evaluate progress inmolecular epidemiology over the past 24 years in canceretiology and prevention to draw lessons for futureresearch incorporating the new generation of biomarkers.Molecular epidemiology was introduced inthe study of cancer in the early 1980s, with theexpectation that it would help overcome some majorlimitations of epidemiology and facilitate cancerprevention. The expectation was that biomarkerswould improve exposure assessment, document earlychanges preceding disease, and identify subgroupsin the population with greater susceptibility to cancer,thereby increasing the ability of epidemiologic studiesto identify causes and elucidate mechanisms incarcinogenesis. The first generation of biomarkers hasindeed contributed to our understanding of riskandsusceptibility related largely to genotoxic carcinogens.Consequently, interventions and policy changes havebeen mounted to reduce riskfrom several importantenvironmental carcinogens. Several new and promisingbiomarkers are now becoming available for epidemiologicstudies, thanks to the development of highthroughputtechnologies and theoretical advances inbiology. These include toxicogenomics, alterations ingene methylation and gene expression, proteomics, andmetabonomics, which allow large-scale studies, includingdiscovery-oriented as well as hypothesis-testinginvestigations. However, most of these newer biomarkershave not been adequately validated, and theirrole in the causal paradigm is not clear. There is a needfor their systematic validation using principles andcriteria established over the past several decades inmolecular cancer epidemiology.

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