scholarly journals The Chinese Adolescent Cohort Study: Design, Implementation, and Major Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruonan Duan ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Shufang Shan ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Jingyuan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Chinese Adolescent ◽  
Cohort Study Design

The importance of diet quality on children's growth is being increasingly recognized. The Chinese Adolescent Cohort (CAC) is a longitudinal cohort study to comprehensively investigate the health impacts of nutritional factors on child growth. From 2013 to 2018, 6,967 children aged 6–8 years have been recruited from 23 primary schools in Sichuan, Guizhou, and Chongqing, which have been planned to be followed up annually until their age of 15 years. Regular assessments included the measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses; pubertal development was examined by trained investigators according to Tanner stages; dietary intake was obtained by three 24-h recalls and food frequency questionnaire; validated questionnaires were used to estimate socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors. Findings from the CAC baseline and the first follow-up data suggested that higher protein intake among girls and unhealthy eating habits among children might increase the risk for childhood obesity. Also, higher intakes of grain and meat and lower overall diet quality and intakes of dietary fiber and tuber might be associated with advanced pubertal development. Those results indicated that the CAC study could contribute to the development of strategies for optimizing Chinese children's health.

scholarly journals Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity in Malaysian Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shooka Mohammadi ◽  
Muhammad Jalaludin ◽  
Tin Su ◽  
Maznah Dahlui ◽  
Mohd Azmi Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

The increased prevalence of unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles among Malaysian adolescents has become a public health concern. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence from observational studies related to diet and physical activity (PA) among Malaysian adolescents (13–18 years) and to recognize the associations between determinants of diet and PA and diet and PA behaviours. A systematic search for observational studies published from August 1990 through August 2017 was conducted via PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane and Web of Science. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria; these were independently extracted by two reviewers. Gender and ethnicity were the most commonly studied correlates of diet and PA; males were more physically active and they tended to have poorer diet quality and higher energy and macronutrient intakes in comparison to females; Malay adolescents had a lower diet quality and Chinese adolescents spent less time in PA compared to other ethnicities. However, the significance of these associations was often small or inconsistent. This review highlights the lack of longitudinal observational studies but summarizes the best available evidence for policymakers and public health practitioners to improve the diet and the level of PA in Malaysian adolescents.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors, and unhealthy eating habits among brazilian adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Cordeiro Barbosa Filho ◽  
Wagner de Campos ◽  
Adair da Silva Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eating Habit ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Unhealthy Eating

This systematic review analyzed the prevalence of physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors and unhealthy eating habits among Brazilian adolescents. Searches were conducted in five databases (Lilacs, SciELO, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and in the references cited in the articles retrieved. The literature search yielded 5,872 potentially relevant titles and a total of 69 studies met all the inclusion criteria. The risk behavior most often evaluated was physical inactivity (48/69; 69.6%), and its prevalence rate ranged from 2.3% to 93.5%. Twenty-eight studies estimated the prevalence of physical inactivity at over 50%. Most studies observed the prevalence of greater physical inactivity among girls. The prevalence of sedentary behaviors (lengthy screen time or TV use) was also frequently over 50%. Several variables were used to identify unhealthy eating habits, and some criteria/studies have indicated unhealthy eating habit estimates at close to 100% among adolescents. In conclusion, the estimates of these risk behaviors among Brazilians adolescents were very close to or even greater than those found in developed countries in several studies analyzed in this review.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Nutrient-Rich Foods (NRF) Index as A Measure of Diet Quality and Malnutrition in Children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jollanar Khankan ◽  
Shima Jazayeri ◽  
Farzad Shidfar ◽  
Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh ◽  
Agha Fatemeh Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Index Score ◽  
World Health ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Background: The assessment of pediatric diet quality is of high interest because food habits that develop in childhood can predict adult diet-related disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the Nutrient-Rich Foods (NRF) index score and weight and height status. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools of Tehran, and the NRF9.3 algorithms were used to estimate the nutrient density of the diet of 400 girls, aged 6.5-8.4 years. Dietary data were collected using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire of foods consumed over the past month. Height and weight were measured, and height for age, body mass index (BMI) for age, and weight for age were classified using the World Health Organization's child growth standard Z-scores. Linear regression was used to examine the association between the quintiles of NRF index score and weight for age, height for age, and BMI for age. Results: Liquid oil (P < 0.001), legume (P = 0.037), meat products (P = 0.005), and fruit (P < 0.001) were consumed in higher amounts significantly in the fifth quintile, while sugar & sweet sauce (P < 0.001), snacks (P = 0.002), fats, oil and savoury sauce (P = 0.002) were consumed in lower amounts significantly. A significant relationship between the NRF9.3 index and height for age (P = 0.039) was found, however, it did not follow a trend. The NRF9.3, NR9, and LIM3 scores were unrelated to weight status in childhood. Conclusion: There was no significant association between the NRF9.3 index score and malnutrition in girls, except for height for age. Bias in reporting the dietary intake or defects in the NRF index formula might be the reason for this insignificant result. Prospective studies can better detect the existence of such a relationship.

Interaction effects of socioeconomic position in the association between eating location and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents: results from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical activity survey 2015-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Pedro Pimenta ◽  
Carla Lopes ◽  
Daniela Correia ◽  
Duarte Torres ◽  
Sara Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the interaction effect of socioeconomic environment (SEE) in the relationship between the eating location (EL) and diet quality, in children and adolescents. Data included children and adolescents (3-17y) from a National Dietary Survey Sample (IAN-AF 2015/2016, n=987). Dietary intake was obtained by 2-day food diaries (children) or 2-24-hour-recall (adolescents). Participants were classified into four groups of EL: “Home”, “Other homes”, “School” and “Restaurants”. Diet quality was measured as a higher adherence to a healthy eating pattern. A previous developed socioeconomic classification was used, and participants were grouped as belonging to a low socioeconomic environment (LSE) or middle-high socioeconomic environment (MHSE). Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between EL and diet quality, stratified by the SEE. One-quarter of participants was classified in the “Home” group, 14% in “Other homes”, 17% in “Restaurants” and 45% in “School”. A statistically significant interaction effect was found (p<0.01) for the SEE in the association between eating location and diet quality. After adjustment for potential confounders, in LSE, children and adolescents belonging to “Other homes” (β̂=−2.07; 95%CI:−3.70;−0.44) and “Restaurants” (β̂=−3.31; 95%CI:−5.08;−1.54) had lower scores in the diet quality score, comparing to “Home”. In MHSE, comparing to “Home”, “Restaurants” showed lower diet quality (β̂=−1.56; 95%CI:−2.65;−0.48), while the “School” had better diet quality (β̂=0.90; 95%CI:0.16;1.64). The SEE influences the association between EL and diet quality and, belonging to more disadvantaged SEE, might represent a higher risk of unhealthy eating habits when eating out-of-home compared to when eating at home.

scholarly journals Impact of The Daily Mile on children’s physical and mental health, and educational attainment in primary schools: iMprOVE cohort study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e045879
Author(s):  
Bina Ram ◽  
Anna Chalkley ◽  
Esther van Sluijs ◽  
Rachel Phillips ◽  
Tishya Venkatraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
School Year

IntroductionSchool-based active mile initiatives such as The Daily Mile (TDM) are widely promoted to address shortfalls in meeting physical activity recommendations. The iMprOVE Study aims to examine the impact of TDM on children’s physical and mental health and educational attainment throughout primary school.Methods and analysisiMprOVE is a longitudinal quasi-experimental cohort study. We will send a survey to all state-funded primary schools in Greater London to identify participation in TDM. The survey responses will be used for non-random allocation to either the intervention group (Daily Mile schools) or to the control group (non-Daily Mile schools). We aim to recruit 3533 year 1 children (aged 5–6 years) from 77 primary schools and follow them up annually until the end of their primary school years. Data collection taking place at baseline (children in school year 1) and each primary school year thereafter includes device-based measures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and questionnaires to measure mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and educational attainment (ratings from ‘below expected’ to ‘above expected levels’). The primary outcome is the mean change in MVPA minutes from baseline to year 6 during the school day among the intervention group compared with controls. We will use multilevel linear regression models adjusting for sociodemographic data and participation in TDM. The study is powered to detect a 10% (5.5 min) difference between the intervention and control group which would be considered clinically significant.Ethics and disseminationEthics has been approved from Imperial College Research Ethics Committee, reference 20IC6127. Key findings will be disseminated to the public through research networks, social, print and media broadcasts, community engagement opportunities and schools. We will work with policy-makers for direct application and impact of our findings.

scholarly journals Diet quality in relation to the risk of hypertension among Iranian adults: cross-sectional analysis of Fasa PERSIAN cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Motamedi ◽  
Maryam Ekramzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Bahramali ◽  
Mojtaba Farjam ◽  
Reza Homayounfar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Abstract Background Hypertension is a common chronic disease with various complications and is a main contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to assess the association of diet quality, assessed by dietary diversity score (DDS), Mediterranean dietary score (MDS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), and healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with the risk of hypertension. Methods This study recruited a total of 10,111 individuals (45.14% male) with mean age of 48.63 ± 9.57 years from the Fasa Cohort Study, Iran. Indices of diet quality, including MDS, HEI-2015, DQI-I, and DDS were computed by a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants were diagnosed as hypertensive if they had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg,, or used antihypertensive drugs. Results Hypertension was prevalent in 28.3% of the population (21.59% in males and 33.74% in females). In the whole population, after adjustment for potential covariates, including daily energy intake, age, gender, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypertension, body mass index, and the level of education, higher adherence to the MDS (OR: 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75–0.99) and HEI-2015 (OR: 0.79, 95%CI = 0.68–0.90) was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension. The protective effect of HEI-2015 against hypertension remained significant for both males (OR: 0.80, 95%CI = 0.64–0.99) and females (OR: 0.78, 95%CI = 0.66–0.94), while, for MDS, this relationship disappeared in the subgroup analysis by gender. DQI-I and DDS were not related to the odds of hypertension. Conclusions Adhering to MDS and HEI-2015 diets could contribute to the prevention of hypertension.

DIET QUALITY OF MOROCCAN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN MOROCCO AND IN SPAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Del Pilar Montero ◽  
Ana Isabel Mora-Urda ◽  
Karim Anzid ◽  
Mohamed Cherkaoui ◽  
M. Dolores Marrodan
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
And Migration

SummaryIntra-population socioeconomic changes and migration are powerful factors in changing eating habits. Changes in eating habits could affect the nutritional status, growth, development and health of adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare the diet of adolescents of Moroccan origin living in Spain with that of adolescents living in Morocco. The sample comprised 428 Moroccan adolescents aged from 12 to 19 recruited in high schools: 327 living in Ouarzazate (Morocco) and 101 living in Madrid (Spain). The variables studied were energy intake (kcal/day), diet quality indicators (adherence to the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI); cholesterol intake (mg/day); fibre intake (g/day) and energy profile)); and indicators of keeping traditional customs (halalmeat consumption, bread made at home). Teenagers from Morocco living in Madrid consumed more calories, proteins, saturated fats and simple sugars (p<0.001) than those living in Morocco. Their diet was of lower quality than that of their peers in Morocco. This difference was more marked in boys than in girls. Changes in eating habits associated with migration from the south to the north Mediterranean basin can benefit young migrants in an immediate way (through greater availability of energy and nutrients), but later in life it could have negative consequences for their health, increasing the risk of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular and metabolic problems.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status Disorders in Student Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Stevanovic ◽  
Mina Poskurica ◽  
Jovan Jovanovic ◽  
Miodrag Sreckovic ◽  
Vladimir Zdravkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Obesity is a global health problem associated with numerous pathological conditions. Unhealthy eating habits and the lack of regular physical activity are considered the most common cause of disordered nutritional status. The aim of the research was to determine the nutritional status in student population and the predictors which determine this condition. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 262 students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Kragujevac (130 males and 132 females). Body weight and height, body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat (VF) were measured. Each respondent completed a specially designed questionnaire considering sociodemographic data, eating habits and physical activity. The majority of students have normal BMI values (75.6%), 5.3% were classified as underweight, 14.9% as over-weight and 4.3% as obese. Normal VF values were found in 93.1% of subjects, while high in 5.7% and very high in 1.1%. A statistically significant difference in BMI and VF values was found between male and female gender (24.41 vs. 21.05, Sig = 0.000 and 5.47 vs. 3.07, Sig = 0.000, respectively), as well as between students of the first 4 and the last 2 years of study (Sig = 0.019 and 0.000 respectively). Unhealthy eating habits, such as the consumption of sweets, snacks, fast foods and white bread, and the absence of regular physical activity were statistically more present in overweight/obese respondents. Given the significant presence of pre-obesity/obesity in the examined population, corrective measures should be taken in this population in order to avoid a major health problem in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of school reopening on SARS-CoV-2 incidence in a low-prevalence region: Prospective SARS-CoV-2 testing in healthcare workers with primary school-attending children versus without children living at home

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110124
Author(s):  
Melvin Frie ◽  
Lisa M Havinga ◽  
Janneke Wiersema-Buist ◽  
Charlotte G Veldman ◽  
Marjan JT de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
At Home

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often presents asymptomatically or milder in children compared to adults. The role of young children in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains largely unknown. In the Netherlands, the first action of loosening the partial lockdown that had been implemented to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission was the reopening of primary schools on 1 May 2020. We subsequently conducted a prospective cohort study among healthcare workers (HCWs) with primary school-attending children versus HCWs without children living at home. We tested each HCW three times for SARS-CoV-2 from May 20 to June 15 2020 at 1-week intervals. In total, 832 nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from 283 HCWs with primary school-attending children living at home and 864 nasopharyngeal swabs from 285 HCWs without children living at home. All nasopharyngeal swabs tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. In our region with a low population density and low SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, reopening of primary schools did not lead to an increase in infections. The results of this study may serve as an example for the implementation of regional strategies to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission in countries with large variations in both population density and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence.

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