scholarly journals Inhibition of the in vitro Activities of α-Amylase and Pancreatic Lipase by Aqueous Extracts of Amaranthus viridis, Solanum macrocarpon and Telfairia occidentalis Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka A. Oluwagunwa ◽  
Adeola M. Alashi ◽  
Rotimi E. Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Inhibition of digestive enzymes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase (PL) is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment and management of chronic health conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the enzyme inhibitory activity of polyphenol-rich aqueous extracts of Amaranthus viridis (AV), Solanum macrocarpon (SM) and Telfairia occidentalis (TO) leaves, which were harvested from plants produced using multiple urea fertilizer doses (0–80 kg N/ha). Fertilizer application was applied at two time points (at planting or 2 weeks after seedling emergence). Leaf extracts were obtained using aqueous extraction (1:20, leaves:water) for 4 h at 60°C followed by centrifugation and freeze-drying of the supernatant. Results showed that the extracts inhibited α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase dose-dependently with TO extracts having significantly (p < 0.05) higher inhibitory activities for both enzymes. Fluorescence intensity and circular dichroism spectra in the presence and absence of leaf extracts indicate significant changes to the enzyme protein secondary and tertiary conformations. We conclude that the leaf extracts, especially from TO are potential agents for reducing calorie intake as a preventive or treatment tool against chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF CHLORIS BARBATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Niharika M. ◽  
Harshitha V. ◽  
Ashwini P. ◽  
Srivinya B. ◽  
Himabindhu J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Crude Plant Extract ◽  
Chloris Barbata

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antiurolithiatic activity of the medicinal plant Chloris barbata.Methods: The crude plant extract was prepared by Soxhlet extraction method.Results: Both Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts showed their maximum efficiencies in the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals. Ethanolic extract was even more efficient than Aqueous extract in the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals. Our results have clearly indicated that the Aqueous and Ethanolic leaf extracts of Chlorisbarbata were quite promising for further studies in this regard. In this study, Neeri was used as standard drug.Conclusion: This study has given primary evidence for Chloris barbata as the plant which possess antiurolithiatic property.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTHELMINTIC AND ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITION OF SCHLEICHERA OLEOSA (LOUR.) OKEN LEAF EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Shambaditya Goswami ◽  
Ravindra Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Schleichera Oleosa

Objective: The present study deals with the effects of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken leaf extracts on helminths and alpha-amylase inhibition. Identification of phytochemicals and physicochemical analysis were also performed.Methods: Different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) of petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of the leaf were used to examine the effects. For the evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic activity, several earthworms (Eisenia fetida, Perionyx excavates, and Pheretima posthuma) and nematode (Ascaridia galli) were taken, while albendazole was used as a standard drug and Tween 80 (3%) in normal saline (0.9% NaCl) was considered as a control treatment. In vitro alpha-amylase inhibition of different extracts (10–100 mg/ml) was done spectrophotometrically by dinitrosalicylic acid - starch azure method.Results: The ethanolic extract showed the maximum presence of phytochemicals among all the extracts, which included alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponin glycosides, phenolic compounds, resins, and amino acids. The outcomes of the determination of physicochemical parameters and fluorescence characters provided the satisfactory results. Significant anthelmintic activity was established by the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaf among all the extracts and the responses, so observed, were dose responsive. Inhibition of alpha-amylase by ethanolic and aqueous extracts was significant with the IC50 value of 36.63 and 73.94 μg/ml, respectively, when compared to standard acarbose.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract was the more potent candidate for both the effects, and the effect of extract was best against A. galli, P. posthuma, and E. fetida at higher concentration. Isolation and characterization of therapeutic constituents would be the future interest.

scholarly journals In vitro free radical scavenging and antidiabetic activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts: a comparative evaluation of Argyreia pierreana and Matelea denticulata

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkataiah Gudise ◽  
Bimalendu Chowdhury ◽  
Arehalli S. Manjappa
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract Background Oxidation is believed to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by lipid peroxidation; DNA and protein damage leads to the development of vascular complications like coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. The herbal preparations are complementary and alternative medicines to allopathic drugs which are believed to cause adverse events. Therefore, the current study was aimed to identify the novel plants, which belong to the genera Argyreia (Argyreia pierreana (AP)) and Matelea (Matelea denticulata (MD)), and assess the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential by DPPH, OH•, superoxide, and glucose uptake and gene expression (GLUT-4 and PPARγ) studies using the L-6 cell line respectively. Results The preliminary scrutiny revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, and glycosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic extracts were found higher than those of aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts exhibited the superior antioxidant capacity when compared with aqueous extracts. However, the ethanolic extract of MD was shown superlative glucose uptake activity (72.54%) over control (0.037%) and GLUT-4 and PPARγ gene expressions (1.17 and 1.20) in term of folds respectively over cell control (1.00). Conclusion The ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants showed significant in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities compare to aqueous extracts. The Matelea denticulata ethanolic leaf extract exhibited superior activity. This superior activity might be due to their higher phenolic and flavonoid content. However, further approaches are needed to define these activities.

scholarly journals In vitro efficacy of some plant aqueous extracts against two species of Lasiodiplodia associated to mango decline in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2699-2712
Author(s):  
Oumarou Z. Dianda ◽  
Issa Wonni ◽  
Fernandez Diana ◽  
Oumarou Traoré ◽  
Cyrille Tinlé Zombré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Production Areas

Mango decline is a serious disease in production areas in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to contribute to the management of the disease through the use of plant aqueous extracts. Antifungal activities of Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Gmelina arborea, Jatropha curcas, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and the synthetic fungicide (Mancozeb) were tested against Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae associated to mango decline in Burkina Faso. Three different concentrations of leaf extracts which 25%, 50%, 75% and 500 ppm of Mancozeb were tested for their antifungal activity in vitro. The results showed that leaf extracts have an inhibitor effect on the growth of the two Lasiodiplodia species. The aqueous extract of G. arborea was the most effective with average inhibition rates of L. theobromae of 42.62%, 73.84% and 74.23% respectively with the concentrations of 25 g/l, 50 g/l and 75 g/l. The aqueous extract of A. indica against L. pseudotheobromae showed maximum percentage inhibition with 50 g/l of 63.10% and with 75 g/l of 72.02%. Mancozeb completely inhibits the mycelial growth of both species of fungi. Ours findings showed that aqueous extracts from plants could be tried for the eco-friendly management of mango decline pathogens.Keywords: Antifungal, plants extract, Lasiodiplodia spp., mango decline, Burkina Faso.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Morus alba L. Leaves, Stems and Fruits

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuangang Zu ◽  
Yujie Fu ◽  
Thomas Efferth
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

In this study, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts (leaves, stems and fruits) from Morus alba L., a traditional Chinese medicine, were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Ethanolic extracts showed higher contents of both total phenolics and flavonoids than aqueous extracts. The total phenolic content was in the order of: leaf extracts > fruit extracts > stem extracts, whereas the total flavonoids was: leaf extracts > stem extracts > fruit extracts. Using DPPH assays, the concentrations providing 50% inhibition (IC50) values of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems and fruits were 7.11 ± 1.45 mg/ml, 86.78 ± 3.21 mg/ml and 14.38 ± 2.83 mg/ml, respectively, whereas the IC50 values of ethanolic extracts were 3.11 ± 0.86 mg/ml, 14.62 ± 2.45 mg/ml and 12.42 ± 2.76 mg/ml, respectively. In sum, the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from M. alba L. were stronger than the aqueous extracts, and in the order of: leaf extracts > fruit extracts > stem extracts. The ethanolic extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities, whereas the aqueous extracts showed poor antimicrobial properties in our test system. This study validated the medicinal potential of M. alba L.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem) and Melia azedarach L. (Santa Barbara or cinnamon) on the intracellular development of Toxoplasma gondii

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J.T Melo ◽  
K.J Vilela ◽  
C.S Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Intracellular Parasites

Melia azedarach (cinnamon) and Azadirachta indica (neem) have a variety of biologically active ingredients against virus, bacteria and protozoan parasites; however, little is known about their action on Toxoplasma gondii intracellular development. Toxoplasma gondii infects all eukaryotic cells, where it establishes and multiplies inside a modified vacuole called the parasitophorous vacuole until the cell ruptures, re-infecting other cells and establishing the infection. There are no efficient chemotherapies for the elimination of T. gondii, minimizing side effects. In this study, we performed in vitro assays with neem and cinnamon aqueous extracts against the intracellular development of T. gondii tachyzoites. After treatment with neem and cinnamon for 24 h, the percentage of infected cells and the number of intracellular parasites drastically decreased. This effect was concentration-dependent. During the incubation of the extracts, progressive morphological and ultrastructure alterations led to intense vesiculation and complete elimination of the parasite from the intracellular medium. However, during the treatment with extracts, no morphological effects were observed in the structure of the host cell. These results suggest that the aqueous extracts of neem and cinnamon were capable of interfering with and eliminating the intracellular development of Toxoplasma gondii.

scholarly journals Extensive charging of transfer ribonucleic acid by bean leaf extracts in vitro

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Tao ◽  
T. C. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Theoretical Maximum

1. Phenol was effectively removed from aqueous extracts of RNA by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. 2. Elution of tRNA from Sephadex G-50 columns at pH7.6 was shown to remove 91% of the endogenously bound amino acids. 3. tRNA prepared without recourse to ethanolic precipitation was capable of accepting much greater amounts of amino acids than could redissolved samples of precipitated tRNA. 4. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes were partially purified with calcium phosphate gel. Elution of enzymes from the gel at pH6.5 yielded a fraction having phenylalanine- and alanine-charging activity, but no aspartate-, lysine- or proline-charging activity, whereas elution at pH7.6 gave a fraction having aspartate-, lysine- and proline-charging activity but no phenylalanine- or alanine-charging activity. 5. By using partially synthetase enzymes and tRNA eluted from DEAE-Sephadex A-50 columns, 52% of the theoretical maximum of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis was obtained in vitro.

scholarly journals Assessing the In Vitro Inhibitory Effects on Key Enzymes Linked to Type-2 Diabetes and Obesity and Protein Glycation by Phenolic Compounds of Lauraceae Plant Species Endemic to the Laurisilva Forest

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Vítor Spínola ◽  
Paula C. Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Methanolic leaf extracts of four Lauraceae species endemic to Laurisilva forest (Apollonias barbujana, Laurus novocanariensis, Ocotea foetens and Persea indica) were investigated for the first time for their potential to inhibit key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, aldose reductase) and obesity (pancreatic lipase), and protein glycation. Lauraceae extracts revealed significant inhibitory activities in all assays, altough with different ability between species. In general, P. indica showed the most promissing results. In the protein glycation assay, all analysed extracts displayed a stronger effect than a reference compound: aminoguanidine (AMG). The in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-glycation activities of analysed extracts showed correlation with their flavonols and flavan-3-ols (in particular, proanthocyanins) contents. These Lauraceae species have the capacity to assist in adjuvant therapy of type-2 diabetes and associated complications, through modulation of the activity of key metabolic enzymes and prevention of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation.

scholarly journals In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Leaf Extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees (Acanthaceae) Against Eudrilus eugeniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Somnath D Bhinge ◽  
Prachi Desai ◽  
Chandrakant S Magdum
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Standard Drug

The present study specifically indicated that the crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Adhatoda vasica Nees produced anthelmintic activity against african earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Various concentrations (10, 25, 50 mg/ml) of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were evaluated in the bioassay involving determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Albendazole was used as standard anthelmintic drug and distilled water was used as negative control. The results of the present study indicated that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts significantly exhibited paralysis of worms in lower doses (10, 25 and 50 mg/ml) and also caused death of worms at higher concentration of 50 mg/ml, as compared to standard drug. Further studies are in process to isolate the active principle responsible for the activity.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 153-155, 2015 (December)

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

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