The Role of Radiotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcoma on Extremities With Lymph Nodes Metastasis: An IPTW Propensity Score Analysis of the SEER Database

BackgroundSoft tissue sarcomas on extremities with regional lymph nodes metastasis (STSE-RLNM) is a devastating situation. Optimizing therapeutic approaches is vital but hampered by a shortage of randomized trials. We used a population-level database to evaluate radiotherapy’s impact on sarcoma-specific survival (SSS) and overall survival (OS) for surgery for STSE-RLNM.MethodsWe retrospectively screened data from the SEER database (2004–2015), and 265 patients with STSE-RLNM who received surgery, with (134) or without (131) radiotherapy, were enrolled in this study. A propensity-score-matched analysis with the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) Kaplan–Meier curve was created. The log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were performed to compare SSS and OS in patients with and without radiotherapy. Further analysis of radiotherapy time was conducted, and the Kaplan–Meier curve and the log-rank test were done. Landmark analysis was introduced to attenuate the immortal bias.ResultsIn the original unadjusted cohort, the radiotherapy + surgery group is associated with improved SSS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47–0.91; p = 0.011] and OS (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47–0.88; p = 0.006). This significant treatment effect was also noted in IPTW-adjusted Cox regression either on SSS (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45–0.93; p = 0.020) or on OS (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.91; p = 0.013). The Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test showed that pre- and postoperative radiotherapy was not related to SSS (p = 0.980 or OS (p = 0.890).ConclusionRadiotherapy and surgery has a significant benefit on the prognosis of patients with STSE-RLNM compared to surgery alone. These findings should be considered when making treatment decisions for them.

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AB0274 USE OF TNF-INHIBITORS BIOSIMILARS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIDES: A THREE-YEAR EXPERIENCE IN A LARGE MONOCENTRIC COHORT OF PATIENTS FROM THE NORTH-EAST ITALY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4898 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1435.2-1436

Author(s):

D. Astorri ◽

F. Ometto ◽

L. Friso ◽

B. Raffeiner ◽

C. Botsios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Cox Regression ◽

University Hospital ◽

Rank Test ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Drug Survival ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier

Background::In recent years several biosimilars (BS) of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF-i) were introduced. At the Padova University Hospital the first BS of etanercept (bsETN) was available in October 2016 and the BS of adalimumab (bsADA) was available in November 2018.Objectives:The objectives of the study were to evaluate the rate of bioriginator-biosimilar (BO-BS) switch in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PSA) and axial spondiloarthritis (axSpA) in the cohort of the Padova University Hospital and to examine factors favouring BO-BS switch. Secondly, we investigated survival of BO-BS switch and BO treatment and factors associated with longer treatment survival.Methods:We considered all patients on ETN originator (boETN) treatment when the first bsETN was available (1st October 2016) and all patients on ADA originator (boADA) when bsADA was available (1st November 2018). Patients were followed until 30 August 2019 and were classified as BO-BS switchers if they underwent a switch from either boETN or boADA to BS during the follow-up, otherwise they were considered as continuing BO treatment. Factors associated with BO-BS switch were tested with a multivariable regression analysis. To test the survival of the BO-BS switch and of the BO treatment, Cox regression analysis was used including all variables achiving a p<0.10 in univariate analysis tested with Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:Among 1208 patients (553 RA, 433 PSA, 215 axSpA), 560 (46.3%) patients switched to bsETN (391) or bsADA (169). Mean disease duration was 16 (14.2) years and mean duration of the bDMARD treatment was 96.3 (56.8) months. After adjustment for potential confounders, factors associated with BO-BS switch were a longer disease duration, a shorter duration of previous bDMARD treatments and diagnosis (Tab.1) RA patients had almost a 3 fold increased likelihood of being switched to BS compared to PSA and axSPA, while difference between PSA and axSPA was not significant.Following Cox regression analysis we observed a longer drug survival in BO-BS switchers compared to those continuing with BO (HR 1.38; 95% C.I. 1.2-1.58; p<0.001) (Fig. 1). A longer drug survival was also associated with a longer disease duration (.15years: HR 1.75; 95% C.I. 1.5-2; p<0.001), longer mean duration of previous bDMARDs (.5years: HR 4.1; 95% C.I. 3.5-4.7; p<0.001), and diagnosis (RA vs PSA: HR 1.22; 95% C.I. 1.02-1.47; p=0.030; RA vs axSpA: HR 0.89 95% C.I. 0.067-0.97; p=0.023; PSA vs axSpA: HR 0.66; 95% C.I. 0.57-0.77; p<0.001) (Fig 2).Figure 1.Kaplan-Meier curves for treatment survival, Log-rank test.Figure 2.Kaplan-Meier curves for treatment survival in all patients, Log-rank tesConclusion:BO-BS switch was undertaken in almost half of the patients. Patients with longer disease duration and longer bDMARD duration, were the most likely to be switched successfully to BS. BO-BS switching does not affect the survival of the treatment, indeed, it provides sustained effectiveness particularly if undertaken in patients with stable disease activity.Table 1.Factors associated with BO-BS switch, multivariate regression analysis.Disclosure of Interests:DAVIDE ASTORRI: None declared, Francesca Ometto: None declared, LARA FRISO: None declared, BERND RAFFEINER: None declared, Costantino Botsios: None declared, Andrea Doria Consultant of: GSK, Pfizer, Abbvie, Novartis, Ely Lilly, Speakers bureau: UCB pharma, GSK, Pfizer, Janssen, Abbvie, Novartis, Ely Lilly, BMS

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Decreased CO2 Levels as Indicators of Possible Mechanical Ventilation-Induced Hyperventilation in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Analysis

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.596168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Di Hu ◽

Jinpeng Li ◽

Rongfen Gao ◽

Shipei Wang ◽

Qianqian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Rank Test ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Risk Of Mortality

Background: Six months since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the pandemic continues to grow worldwide, although the outbreak in Wuhan, the worst-hit area, has been controlled. Thus, based on the clinical experience in Wuhan, we hypothesized that there is a relationship between the patient's CO2 levels and prognosis.Methods: COVID-19 patients' information was retrospectively collected from medical records at the Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlation between decreased CO2 levels and disease severity or mortality risk. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was coupled with the log-rank test to understand COVID-19 progression in patients with decreased CO2 levels. Curve fitting was used to confirm the correlation between computed tomography scores and CO2 levels.Results: Cox regression analysis showed that the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients correlated with decreased CO2 levels. The adjusted hazard ratios for decreased CO2 levels in COVID-19 patients were 8.710 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.773–27.365, P < 0.001], and 4.754 (95% CI: 1.380–16.370, P = 0.013). The adjusted odds ratio was 0.950 (95% CI: 0.431–2.094, P = 0.900). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with decreased CO2 levels had a higher risk of mortality.Conclusions: Decreased CO2 levels increased the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients, which might be caused by hyperventilation during mechanical ventilation. This finding provides important insights for clinical treatment recommendations.

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Low-Dose Aspirin as Primary Prophylaxis for Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Italian Multicentre Retrospective Study

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2019/2748035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniela Iacono ◽

Serena Fasano ◽

Ilenia Pantano ◽

Virginia D’Abrosca ◽

Piero Ruscitti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Low Dose ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Primary Prophylaxis ◽

Treated Group ◽

Rank Test ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier

Objective. To investigate the role of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events in an Italian multicentre rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inception cohort. Methods. The clinical charts of RA patients consecutively admitted to 4 Italian centres for their 1st visit from November 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015, and followed up till December 2016 were retrospectively investigated for the incidence of CV events. Patients were subdivided into two groups, namely, ASA- and non-ASA-treated groups. The Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test were used to investigate differences in event-free survival. Cox regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with CV event occurrence. Results. Seven hundred forty-six consecutive RA patients were enrolled and followed up for a median of 5.6 years (range 2.9–8.9 years). The incidence rate (IR) of CV events was 8/1000 person-years (p-ys) in the overall cohort. The IR of CV events was significantly lower in the ASA-treated group with respect to the non-ASA-treated group (IR 1.7 vs. 11.8/1000 p-ys; p=0.0002). The CV event-free rate was longer in ASA-treated patients than in non-ASA-treated patients (log-rank test 12.8; p=0.0003). At multivariable analysis, arterial hypertension (HR 9.3) and hypercholesterolemia (HR 2.8) resulted to be positive predictors and ASA (HR 0.09) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (HR 0.22) to be negative predictors. Conclusion. The IR of CV events in our Italian multicentre cohort was lower than that reported in other European and non-European cohorts. Low-dose ASA may have a role in the primary prophylaxis of CV events in RA patients.

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Predictive impact of PVL assessments on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

K Matsushita ◽

B Marchandot ◽

M Kibler ◽

C Sato ◽

J Heger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Adenosine Diphosphate ◽

Rank Test ◽

Multicenter Studies ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Paravalvular Leakage ◽

Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Cerebrovascular Events

Abstract Introduction Paravalvular leakage (PVL) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with greater mortality. In clinical practice, determining PVL severity after TAVR remains challenging and often requires multiparametric assessment. Purpose This study sought to evaluate the respective value of various modalities of PVL assessments, including transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), cine-angiography, aortic regurgitation index (ARI), and closure time with adenosine diphosphate (CT-ADP), in the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes. Methods We included 1044 patients from our prospective TAVR registry between February 2010 and May 2019. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure hospitalization within 1-year. Established cutoff values of ARI (<25) and CT-ADP (>180 sec) were used to assess the presence of PVL after TAVR. Results Moderate to severe PVL occurred in 14.2% and 5.2% of patients as measured by TTE and angiography. The rate of patients with ARI <25 and CT-ADP >180 sec were 36.5% and 24.9%, respectively. Among the four modalities, PVL evaluated by angiography predicted poorer clinical outcomes (Log rank test; p=0.001), whereas TTE, ARI <25, and CT-ADP >180 sec were not associated with 1-year MACCE. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, moderate to severe PVL by angiography was an independent predictor of 1-year MACCE (hazard ratio: 1.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.22–3.00; p=0.007). Conclusions Paravalvular leakage measured by angiography was evidenced as the most meaningful modality in the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes. Future multicenter studies are warranted to ensure these findings in the current TAVR era. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Varicella zoster virus infections increase the risk of disease flares in patients with SLE: a matched cohort study

Lupus Science & Medicine ◽

10.1136/lupus-2019-000339 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000339 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fangfang Sun ◽

Yi Chen ◽

Wanlong Wu ◽

Li Guo ◽

Wenwen Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Varicella Zoster Virus ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Control Period ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Propensity Score Weighting ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Disease

ObjectiveTo explore whether varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection could increase the risk of disease flares in patients with SLE.MethodsPatients who had VZV reactivations between January 2013 and April 2018 were included from the SLE database (n=1901) of Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital, South Campus. Matched patients with SLE were selected as background controls with a 3:1 ratio. Patients with SLE with symptomatic bacterial infections of the lower urinary tract (UTI) were identified as infection controls. Baseline period and index period were defined as 3 months before and after infection event, respectively. Control period was the following 3 months after the index period. Flare was defined by SELENA SLEDAI Flare Index. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression model and propensity score weighting were applied.ResultsPatients with VZV infections (n=47), UTI controls (n=28) and matched SLE background controls (n=141) were included. 16 flares (34%) in the VZV group within the index period were observed, as opposed to only 7.1% in UTI controls and 9.9% in background controls. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that patients with a VZV infection had a much lower flare-free survival within the index period compared with the controls (p=0.0003). Furthermore, after adjusting for relevant confounders including baseline disease activity and intensity of immunosuppressive therapy, Cox regression analysis and propensity score weighting confirmed that VZV infection within 3 months was an independent risk factor for SLE flares (HR 3.70 and HR 4.16, respectively).ConclusionsIn patients with SLE, recent VZV infection within 3 months was associated with increased risk of disease flares.

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Survival Outcomes for Induction vs Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599818804777 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 160 (4) ◽

pp. 658-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Phoebe Kuo ◽

Sina J. Torabi ◽

Dennis Kraus ◽

Benjamin L. Judson

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Rank Test ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier

Objective In advanced maxillary sinus cancers treated with surgery and radiotherapy, poor local control rates and the potential for organ preservation have prompted interest in the use of systemic therapy. Our objective was to present outcomes for induction compared to adjuvant chemotherapy in the maxillary sinus. Study Design Secondary database analysis. Setting National Cancer Database (NCDB). Subjects and Methods In total, 218 cases of squamous cell maxillary sinus cancer treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy between 2004 and 2012 were identified from the NCDB and stratified into induction chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy cohorts. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analyses were compared by log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression was performed to evaluate overall survival when adjusting for other prognostic factors. Propensity score matching was also used for further comparison. Results Twenty-three patients received induction chemotherapy (10.6%) and 195 adjuvant chemotherapy (89.4%). The log-rank test comparing induction to adjuvant chemotherapy was not significant ( P = .076). In multivariate Cox regression when adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidity, grade, insurance, and T/N stage, there was a significant mortality hazard ratio of 2.305 for adjuvant relative to induction chemotherapy (confidence interval, 1.076-4.937; P = .032). Conclusion Induction chemotherapy was associated with improved overall survival in comparison to adjuvant chemotherapy in a relatively small cohort of patients (in whom treatment choice cannot be characterized), suggesting that this question warrants further investigation in a controlled clinical trial before any recommendations are made.

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Tumor Volume Reduction Rate to Induction Chemotherapy Is a Prognostic Factor for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Retrospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-993291/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chi-hsien Huang ◽

Ting-Chun Lin ◽

Ming-Yu Lien ◽

Fu-Ming Cheng ◽

Kai-Chiun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Volume ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Volume Reduction ◽

Cancer Site ◽

Rank Test ◽

Primary Cancer ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Tumor Volume Reduction

Abstract BackgroundAim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic of tumor volume reduction rate (TVRR) status post induction chemotherapy (IC) in LA-HNSCC.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed LA-HNSCC from year 2007 to 2016 at a single center were included in this retrospective study. All patients had received IC as TPF (taxotere, platinum, fluorouracil) followed by daily definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for 70 Gy in 35 fractions concurrent with or without cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Tumor volume reduction rate of the primary tumor (TVRR-T) and lymph node (TVRR-N) was measured and calculated by contrast-enhanced CT images at diagnosis, and one month after final IC cycle, and analyzed though a univariate and multivariate Cox regression model.ResultsNinety patients of the primary cancer sites at hypopharynx (31/90, 34.4%), oropharynx (29/90, 32.2%), oral cavity (19/90, 21.1%) and larynx (11/90, 12.2%) were included in this study, with a median follow-up time interval of 3.9 years. In univariate Cox regression analysis, the TVRR-T as the only variable showed a significant difference for disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 0.96; P = 0.02), aside from cancer site, RECIST, age and IC dose. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, The TVRR-T was also an independently significant prognostic factor for DFS (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.97; P = 0.02). At a cutoff value using TVRR-T of 50% in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the DFS was significant higher with TVRR-T ≥ 50% group (log-rank test, p = 0.024), and also a trend of improved OS. (log-rank test, p = 0.069).ConclusionsTVRR-T was related to improved DFS and trend of improved OS. Other factors including patient’s age at diagnosis, the primary cancer site, and RECIST, were not significantly related to DFS.

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Overall Survival Rate Analysis For Risk Factors In Women With Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Cervix Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results (SEER) Database

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1131793/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ziran Yin ◽

Xiumin Huang

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Seer Database ◽

Regional Lymph Nodes ◽

Data Set ◽

Cox Models ◽

Cox Regression Analysis

Abstract Background: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is rare and aggressive disease, of which prognosis information and the effectiveness of the therapies is unclear.Methods: A retrospective study using data from the SEER database for the first diagnosed Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix patients was conducted. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox models to screen for independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Subgroup analysis and sensitive analysis were performed for further study, then again univariate and multivariate analyses of Cox regression analysis were performed based on the sensitivity analysis data set.Results: A total of 250 Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix cases was included, tumor subtype, age, marriage, race, number of regional lymph nodes, number of positive lymph nodes, radiotherapy, surgery, and FIGO stage were all factors affecting OS, and multivariate analysis identified FIGO staging (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.505-3.828, P < 0.001) and surgery (HR, 0.467; 95% CI, 0.358-0.609, P < 0.001) treatment as independent indicators. With respect to the factors associated with treatments, we found that patients who underwent surgery (yes vs. no vs. unknown) or radiation (yes vs. no) experienced prolonged survival, both P < 0.001Conclusions: Our investigation shows that for patients with NECC surgery seems to be the effective treatment. Chemotherapy cannot improve the prognosis of NECC patients, and the effectiveness of radiation should be further verified.

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miR-181 Expression is Associated With The Prognosis in Lung Cancer.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44942/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Zhao ◽

Xiangjun Kong ◽

Hongbing Wang

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Suppressor Gene ◽

Rank Test ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Cancer Tissues

Abstract Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, with high morbidity and mortality. MiRNAs are proved to play important roles in various human cancers. In our study, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of miR-181 in lung cancerMethods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of miR-181 in lung cancer tissues and the paired non-cancerous tissues. The relationship between miR-181 expression and clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed by chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method with log rank test was applied for overall survival analysis. Furthermore, the Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-181 in lung cancer.Results: Down-regulated miR-181 expression was observed in lung cancer tissues (P<0.001), moreover, its expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage (P=0.015) and metastasis (P=0.000). In addition, lung cancer patients with lower miR-181 expression level had poorer overall survival than those with higher expression (log rank test, P=0.011). Cox regression analysis suggested that miR-181 was an independent prognostic factor for lung cancer (HR=1.961, 95%CI=1.135-3.388, P=0.016).Conclusion: MiR-181 may be a tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer, which can predict outcomes for the patients.

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Prognostic value of D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio in the adverse outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure

Biomarkers in Medicine ◽

10.2217/bmm-2020-0553 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 1733-1745

Author(s):

Tian-Jun Zhao ◽

Qian-Kun Yang ◽

Chun-Yu Tan ◽

Li-Dan Bi ◽

Jie Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Rank Test ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

D Dimer

Aim: To evaluate the clinical value of plasma D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio (DFR) in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). Methods: Clinical data of 235 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to identify significant prognosticators. Results: The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that a higher DFR level was significantly associated with an increase in the end point outcomes, including HF readmission, thrombotic events and death (log-rank test: p < 0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the high tertile of DFR was significantly associated with the study end points (HR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.31–3.62; p = 0.003), compared with the low tertile. Conclusion: DFR is a reliable prognostic indicator for patients hospitalized for HF.

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