Impact of Orthodontic Forces on Plasma Levels of Markers of Bone Turnover and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Buccal Expansion

Plasma levels of protein analytes might be markers to predict and monitor the kinetics of bone and tissue remodeling, including maximization of orthodontic treatment stability. They could help predict/prevent and/or diagnose possible adverse effects such as bone dehiscences, gingival recession, or root resorption. The objective of this study was to measure plasma levels of markers of bone turnover and inflammation during orthodontic force application in a rat model of orthodontic expansion. Two different orthodontic forces for bilateral buccal expansion of the maxillary arches around second and third molars were applied in 10 rats equally distributed in low-force (LF) or conventional force (CF) groups. Four rats served as the control group. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 13, 21, and 58. Longitudinal concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (sRANKL), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined in blood samples by a multiplex immunoassay. CF and LF resulted in a significantly maxillary skeletal expansion while the CF group demonstrated significantly higher expansion than the LF group in the long term. Bone turnover demonstrated a two-phase response. During the “early phase” (up to 6 days of force application), LF resulted in more sRANKL expression and increased sRANKL/OPG ratio than the CF and control animals. There was a parallel increase in PTH levels in the early phase in response to LF. During the “late phase” (6–58 days), the markers of bone turnover were stable in both groups. IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels did not significantly change the test groups throughout the study. These results suggest that maxillary expansion in response to different orthodontic forces follows different phases of bone turnover that may be force specific.

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Rapid maxillary expansion: Do banded teeth develop more external root resorption than non-banded anchorage teeth?

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/011015-20.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Débora C Martins ◽

Bernardo Q Souki ◽

Paula L Cheib ◽

Gerluza A.B Silva ◽

Igor D.G Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Resorption ◽

Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽

Control Group ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Orthodontic Anchorage ◽

External Root Resorption ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Band Group ◽

Orthodontic Forces ◽

Root Surfaces

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare external root resorption (ERR) when bands and wires are used as orthodontic anchorage during rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Materials and Methods: Histologic analysis was performed on 108 sites from 18 maxillary first premolars and on 36 sites from six mandibular first premolars in nine subjects (mean age = 15.2 ± 1.4 years) 3 months after RME. Maxillary teeth were pooled into two groups (n = 54 each) according to the type of orthodontic anchorage (band group [BG] vs wire group [WG]). Anchorage type was randomly chosen in a split-mouth design. Mandibular first premolars, which were not subjected to orthodontic forces, were used as the control group (CG). Results: All premolars in the BG and WG showed ERR at the level of the cementum and dentin. Repair with cementum cells was observed in all resorption areas, but complete repair was rarely found. No statistically significant difference was found between the BG and WG with regard to the ERR. No association was found between the root height position (middle or cervical third) and the incidence of ERR. Buccal root surfaces showed a higher amount of ERR compared with the palatal and interproximal surfaces. ERR was not found in any teeth in the CG. Conclusion: All maxillary first premolars subjected to RME showed ERR and partial cementum repair. Banded teeth did not develop more ERR than nonbanded anchorage teeth.

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MP678RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA LEVELS OF SCLEROSTIN AND MARKERS OF BONE TURNOVER IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH CKD

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfx179.mp678 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl_3) ◽

pp. iii680-iii680

Author(s):

Barbara Pietrzyk ◽

Katarzyna Wyskida ◽

Jarosław Wajda ◽

Dariusz Klein ◽

Joanna Witkowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover

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PROLACTIN IN MAINTENANCE OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF EARLY PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN THE GOLDEN HAMSTER

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0900145 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 145-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. H. HARRIS ◽

B. D. MURPHY

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Golden Hamster ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Progesterone Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples

The role of prolactin in the maintenance of the corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy was studied in the golden hamster. Nine groups of seven to fourteen animals each received 1 mg bromocriptine at 11.00 h on days 1, 2 or 3 of pseudopregnancy (three groups for each day). On each day of treatment with bromocriptine, one group of hamsters was injected with bovine prolactin 4 h before bromocriptine, and one group received prolactin 4 h before bromocriptine for three consecutive days following treatment with bromocriptine. One group received bromocriptine only. These nine groups were compared with a control group of animals given 0·85% saline instead of bromocriptine and prolactin. Peripheral blood samples were taken from all hamsters at 11.00 h on days 3, 4, 5 and 6 of pseudopregnancy and plasma levels of progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Luteolysis, indicated by a decline in progesterone level by 24 or 48 h after treatment with bromocriptine, occurred in all hamsters given bromocriptine alone, whether it was administered on day 1, 2 or 3. Pretreatment with a single dose of prolactin did not mitigate the bromocriptine-induced fall in progesterone. In the majority of cases, pretreatment with prolactin plus daily doses of prolactin maintained the progesterone at levels not different from saline-treated hamsters. These data suggest that prolactin is a necessary luteotrophin during early pseudopregnancy without which luteolysis ensues.

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Relationship between plasma levels of sclerostin, calcium–phosphate disturbances, established markers of bone turnover, and inflammation in haemodialysis patients

International Urology and Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s11255-018-2050-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 519-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Barbara Pietrzyk ◽

Katarzyna Wyskida ◽

Joanna Ficek ◽

Aureliusz Kolonko ◽

Rafał Ficek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover

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Changes in serum markers of bone turnover during normal pregnancy

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1258/000456303322326416 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 508-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Malveen Kaur ◽

Ian M Godber ◽

Nigel Lawson ◽

Phillip N Baker ◽

Derek Pearson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Turnover Markers ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Time Points ◽

Final Sample ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽

Initial Decrease ◽

Turnover Markers

Background: Maternal calcium homeostasis adapts during pregnancy to provide for the needs of the growing fetal skeleton. Wide selections of bone turnover markers are currently available to assess the changes taking place; here, data are presented on two serum-based markers. Methods: The use of serum-based biochemical bone turnover markers during pregnancy was assessed in a cohort of 41 women recruited prior to conception. Serum N-terminal extension peptide of procollagen (P1NP) was used to monitor bone formation and serum β-crosslaps (S-CTX) used to assess resorption. Blood samples were measured at five time points from a pre-conceptual baseline, through pregnancy, to the final sample, which was taken within 1 week of delivery. Results: An initial decrease from the baseline in both P1NP and S-CTX was observed at 12 weeks; however, it is suggested that this may be due to the haemodilutional effect of pregnancy rather than a true change in bone turnover. Significant increases from the baseline of both analytes were observed by 36 weeks (P1NP, P = 0.013; S-CTX, P = 0.002), when the calcium demands of the fetus are greatest. Conclusions: This study illustrates the use of serum-based bone turnover markers to assess turnover during normal pregnancy, a time when ionizing radiation cannot be used to assess bone turnover.

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Parathyroid hormone promotes maxillary expansion and reduces relapse in the repeated activation maxillary expansion rat model by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-021-00394-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mengting Xu ◽

Yuan Li ◽

Xiaoxia Feng ◽

Wei Zheng ◽

Zhihe Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Western Blot ◽

Rat Model ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Control Group ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Conventional Model ◽

Skeletal Deformity ◽

Relapse Group

Abstract Background Constricted maxillary bone is a common skeletal deformity, which may lead to crowding and posterior crossbite. Mid-palatal suture expansion is often used to increase the maxillary width, but its skeletal effects are limited and tend to relapse, even with prolonged retention. We hypothesized that parathyroid hormone (PTH) may reduce the relapse of maxillary expansion. Methods We established a novel rat maxillary expansion model using palatal tubes with an insertable “W”-shaped spring which can be repeatedly activated. A total of 32 male healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: the control group, the PTH group, the expansion group, the expansion + PTH group, the expansion + relapse group and the expansion + PTH + relapse group. All animals in the first 4 groups were killed after 10 days and the 2 relapse groups were killed after 15 days. The maxillary arch widths and histological staining were used to assess the expansion and relapse effects. The immunohistochemical staining, micro-CT, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the bone remodeling during expansion. Results The suture width was increased by the expansion device, and the repeated activation maxillary expansion rat model showed better expansion effects than the conventional model. PTH significantly promoted the expansion width and reduced the relapse ratio. Meanwhile, in the expansion + PTH group, histological and immunohistochemical staining showed that osteoblasts, osteoclasts, new cartilage and osteoid were significantly increased, micro-CT showed increased bone mass, and PCR and Western blot results confirmed up-regulation of RANKL, β-catenin, type II collagen and OCN. Conclusion The novel repeated activation maxillary expansion rat model has better effects than the conventional model. PTH enhances the maxillary expansion and reduces its relapse by regulating Wnt/β-catenin and RANKL pathways. PTH administration may serve as an adjunctive therapy in addition to mechanical expansion for treatment of maxillary constriction.

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Prevalence of Vertebral Fractures and Serum Sclerostin Levels in Acromegaly

10.21203/rs.3.rs-233174/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meliha Melin Uygur ◽

Dilek Dereli Yazici ◽

Onur Buğdayci ◽

Dilek Gogas Yavuz

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Vertebral Fractures ◽

Treatment Modality ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Control Group ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover

Abstract ObjectiveAn increased prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) has been reported in previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, serum sclerostin levels, and vertebral fractures (VFs) in acromegaly patients. We also evaluated the effects of gonadal status, disease activity, treatment modality, age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on skeletal endpoints.DesignCase-control study.Patients and measurementsSeventy acromegaly patients (M/F:36/34, mean age 45,5±11,9 years) and 70 controls (M/F:31/39; mean age 45.66±11.9 years) were included. VFs, BMD, calcium metabolism, markers of bone turnover, and sclerostin levels were evaluated. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 4500). Conventional lateral radiography of the spine was performed and the Genant method was used for the assessment of fractures of T4–L5 vertebrae.ResultsThe prevalence of vertebral fractures was higher in acromegalic patients as compared with the control group (72.9% vs. 20%; p<0.001). Serum phosphate (P) levels (3.46±0.59 mg/dl vs. 3.11±0.44 mg/dl; p<0.001) and b-cross laps (CTx) levels (0.47 µg/l, range 0.04-2.38 vs. 0.28 µg/l, range 0.11-0.80; p<0.001) were significantly higher in acromegaly patients than control subjects. Serum sclerostin levels were similar between either acromegaly patients and control subjects or acromegaly patients with VF and without VF. In the means of treatment modality, VFs were more frequent in patients treated with adjuvant gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKS) (p=0.07). In the binary logistic regression analysis, the age of the acromegaly patients, the presence of hypogonadism, and GKS treatment were the factors significantly correlated with the occurrence of spinal fractures.ConclusionThe prevalence of VFs in patients with acromegaly is higher than in control subjects. Since advanced age, the presence of hypogonadism and GKS treatment were the factors predicting VFs in acromegaly; radiological evaluations should be considered as an emerging tool especially in those patients. Although markers of bone turnover elevated in acromegaly, they were not useful for the prediction of fractures. Serum sclerostin levels showed no discrepancy between the two groups and further studies are required for assessment of sclerostin role in this form of secondary osteoporosis.

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Increase in Plasma Oxidized Phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) in Patients Presenting With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.716944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Solati ◽

Arun Surendran ◽

Andrea Edel ◽

Marynia Roznik ◽

David Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Enzymatic Oxidation ◽

Control Group ◽

Myocardial Salvage ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Time Points

Objective: ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) occurs as a result of acute occlusion of the coronary artery. Despite successful reperfusion using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a large percentage of myocardial cells die after reperfusion which is recognized as ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). Oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) are a group of oxidized lipids generated through non-enzymatic oxidation and have pro-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine the roles of OxPCs in a clinical setting of myocardial I/R.Methods: Blood samples were collected from STEMI patients at presentation prior to primary PCI (PPCI) (Isch) and at 4 time-points post-PPCI, including 2 h (R-2 h), 24 h (R-24 h), 48 h (R-48 h), and 30 days (R-30 d) post-PPCI. As controls, blood samples were collected from patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease after diagnostic coronary angiography. Aspiration thrombectomy was also performed in selected STEMI patients. High-performance lipid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for OxPCs analysis.Results: Twenty-two distinct OxPC species were identified and quantified in plasma samples in patients presenting with STEMI. These compounds were categorized as fragmented and non-fragmented species. Total levels of OxPCs did not significantly differ between Isch and control groups. However, total levels of fragmented OxPCs increased significantly in the ischemic period compared with controls (Isch: 4.79 ± 0.94, Control: 1.69 ± 0.19 ng/μl of plasma, P < 0.05). Concentrations of non-fragmented OxPCs had significant reductions during ischemia compared to the control group (Isch: 4.84 ± 0.30, Control: 6.6 ± 0.51 ng/μl, P < 0.05). Levels of total OxPCs in patients with STEMI were not significantly different during reperfusion periods. However, fragmented OxPCs levels were elevated at 48 h post-reperfusion and decreased at 30 days following MI, when compared to R-2 h and R-24 h time points (Isch: 4.79 ± 0.94, R-2 h: 5.33 ± 1.17, R-24 h: 5.20 ± 1.1, R-48 h: 4.18 ± 1.07, R-30 d: 1.87 ± 0.31 ng/μl, P < 0.05). Plasma levels of two fragmented OxPCs, namely, POVPC and PONPC were significantly correlated with peak creatine kinase (CK) levels (P < 0.05). As with plasma levels, the dominant OxPC species in coronary aspirated thrombus were fragmented OxPCs, which constituted 77% of total OxPC concentrations.Conclusion: Biologically active fragmented OxPC were elevated in patients presenting with STEMI when compared to controls. PONPC concentrations were subsequently increased after PPCI resulting in reperfusion. Moreover, levels of POVPC and PONPC were also associated with peak CK levels. Since these molecules are potent stimulators for cardiomyocyte cell death, therapeutics attenuating their activities can result in a novel therapeutic pathway for myocardial salvage for patients undergoing reperfusion therapy.

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Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Glucocorticoids

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.2.6970 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 623-626

Author(s):

Luana Andreea Macovei ◽

Alexandra Burlui ◽

Elena Rezus

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Corticosteroid Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Bone Resorption Marker ◽

Bone Formation Marker ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover

Osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline levels were measured in 55 RA patients during and after glucocorticoid therapy with prednisone, methylprednisolone and cortisone. A decrease of 27% of the bone resorption marker deoxypyridinoline (from 10.13 to 7.4) and an increase of 23% of the bone formation marker osteocalcin (from 16.3 to 20.1) were also clinically confirmed by the presence of osteoporosis in 74% of patients receiving corticosteroid treatment as compared with only 31% in the control group.

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Effect of Blockage of the Ducts of the Vomeronasal Organ on LH Plasma Levels during the “Whitten Effect” in Does

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.4061/2011/305468 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Kenneth Kurt Booth ◽

Edward Cottington Webb

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

South African ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Vomeronasal Organ ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Oestrus Cycle ◽

Tonic Level

Eighteen mature, nonpregnant, and indigenous South African does were randomly divided into two groups to test if their vomeronasal organs exert an influence on LH plasma levels during a Whitten effect experimental trial. Does in the treatment (VNO ablated) group had their vomeronasal organs rendered nonfunctional by cauterization of the nasoincisive duct under surgical anesthesia. Does in the control group had their nasal civities irrigated with physiological saline under surgical anesthesia. All does were synchronized into oestrus and introduced to bucks one day prior to their expected second oestrus cycle. Successful matings were recorded. Timely blood samples were collected during each of the five days before and five days after buck introduction. Blood plasma concentrations of estradiol and LH were determined by radioimmunoassay. Analysis of variance between groups demonstrated that the does in the VNO ablated group did not demonstrate any interest in mating, did not become pregnant, and did not demonstrate the primary increase in tonic plasma levels of LH that is necessary for ovulation to occur. By contrast, all of the does in the control group demonstrated successful matings, became pregnant, and demonstrated typical primary tonic level increases and preovulation surges in LH. Thus, it was concluded that the vomeronasal organ modulates the primary increase in tonic levels of LH and thus influences ovulation that occurs during the Whitten effect in South African indigenous does.

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