PROLACTIN IN MAINTENANCE OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF EARLY PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN THE GOLDEN HAMSTER

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. HARRIS ◽  
B. D. MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples

The role of prolactin in the maintenance of the corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy was studied in the golden hamster. Nine groups of seven to fourteen animals each received 1 mg bromocriptine at 11.00 h on days 1, 2 or 3 of pseudopregnancy (three groups for each day). On each day of treatment with bromocriptine, one group of hamsters was injected with bovine prolactin 4 h before bromocriptine, and one group received prolactin 4 h before bromocriptine for three consecutive days following treatment with bromocriptine. One group received bromocriptine only. These nine groups were compared with a control group of animals given 0·85% saline instead of bromocriptine and prolactin. Peripheral blood samples were taken from all hamsters at 11.00 h on days 3, 4, 5 and 6 of pseudopregnancy and plasma levels of progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Luteolysis, indicated by a decline in progesterone level by 24 or 48 h after treatment with bromocriptine, occurred in all hamsters given bromocriptine alone, whether it was administered on day 1, 2 or 3. Pretreatment with a single dose of prolactin did not mitigate the bromocriptine-induced fall in progesterone. In the majority of cases, pretreatment with prolactin plus daily doses of prolactin maintained the progesterone at levels not different from saline-treated hamsters. These data suggest that prolactin is a necessary luteotrophin during early pseudopregnancy without which luteolysis ensues.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Progesterone Alter the Odds of Retention of Transferred Bovine Embryos

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cuadra EJ
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Decisive Effect ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Body Weights

Two studies were conducted to examine the role of progesterone on the odds of survival of embryos transferred into lactating and non - lactating recipient cows. In each study, recipients were synchronized for estrus following the Select Synch + CIDR ® protocol. O n d 7, after exhibiting estrus, embryos were inserted in all cows bearing a viable corpus luteum; embryos were placed in the uterine horn of the ovulating side. Randomly, animals were divided into two groups. Contrary with the control group, cows in the CI DR - group had a CIDR inserted on that same day the embryo was inserted and removed 14 days later. Blood samples for analysis of progesterone were taken at insertion (d 7) and continued at 7 - day intervals for three more weeks. All animals were weighed and bo dy condition scored at the beginning of the studies. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed around d 90. No significant differences were observed in body weights between treatments. Progesterone between treatments within days and between days within treatments are reported. Progesterone between pregnant and non - pregnant cattle was also reported between treatments and within treatments. Progesterone seems to increase the odds of retention of transferred bovine embryos during early gestation. Results also seem to point out that patterns of progesterone secretion during the first two weeks after the transfer have a decisive effect on the survival of bovine embryos. Nevertheless, authors of this document suggest that more research is needed to closely examine these f indings.

scholarly journals Lower peripheral blood Toll-like receptor 3 expression is associated with an unfavorable outcome in severe COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Saad Menezes ◽  
Alicia Dudy Müller Veiga ◽  
Thais Martins de Lima ◽  
Suely Kunimi Kubo Ariga ◽  
Hermes Vieira Barbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Peripheral Blood Gene Expression ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe role of innate immunity in COVID-19 is not completely understood. Therefore, this study explored the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in peripheral blood cells and their correlated cytokines. Seventy-nine patients with severe COVID-19 on admission, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were divided into two groups: patients who needed mechanical ventilation and/or deceased (SEVERE, n = 50) and patients who used supplementary oxygen but not mechanical ventilation and survived (MILD, n = 29); a control group (CONTROL, n = 17) was also enrolled. In the peripheral blood, gene expression (mRNA) of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9, retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIGI), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interferon alpha (IFN-α), interferon beta (IFN-β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), pro-interleukin(IL)-1β (pro-IL-1β), and IL-18 was determined on admission, between 5–9 days, and between 10–15 days. Circulating cytokines in plasma were also measured. When compared to the COVID-19 MILD group, the COVID-19 SEVERE group had lower expression of TLR3 and overexpression of TLR4.

Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ketorolac for Postoperative Pain Management After Primary Palatoplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study With Historical Controls

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110128
Author(s):  
Jason R. Stein ◽  
Esperanza Mantilla-Rivas ◽  
Marudeen Aivaz ◽  
Md Sohel Rana ◽  
Ishwarya Shradha Mamidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Postoperative Hemorrhage ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Opioid Dose ◽  
Historical Controls

Objective: To analyze safety and efficacy of single-dose ketorolac after primary palatoplasty (PP). Design: Consecutive cohort of patients undergoing PP, comparing to historical controls. Setting: A large academic children’s hospital. Patients, Participants: A consecutive cohort of 111 patients undergoing PP (study n = 47) compared to historical controls (n = 64). Interventions: All patients received intraoperative acetaminophen, dexmedetomidine, and opioids while the study group received an additional single dose of ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg) at the conclusion of PP. Main Outcome Measures: Safety of ketorolac was measured by significant bleeding complications and need for supplementary oxygen. Efficacy was assessed through bleeding, Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) scale, and opioid dose. Results: Length of stay was similar for both groups (control group 38.5 hours [95% CI: 3.6-43.3] versus study group 37.6 hours [95% CI: 31.3-44.0], P = .84). There were no significant differences in all postoperative FLACC scales. The mean dose of opioid rescue medication measured as morphine milligram equivalents did not differ between groups ( P = .56). Significant postoperative hemorrhage was not observed. Conclusions: This is the first prospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-dose ketorolac after PP. Although lack of standardization between study and historical control groups may have precluded observation of an analgesic benefit, analysis demonstrated a single dose of ketorolac after PP is safe. Further investigations with more patients and different postoperative regimens may clarify the role of ketorolac in improving pain after PP.

scholarly journals Potential role of IFN-γ and IL-5 in sepsis prediction of preterm neonates

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Jelena Vucic ◽  
Miodrag Vucic ◽  
Tatjana Stankovic ◽  
Hristina Stamenkovic ◽  
Sandra Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Premature Neonates ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Venous Plasma

Abstract Not fully maturated immune system in preterm neonates may contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection. The levels of some cytokines can be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of sepsis in premature neonates. In the present study, we evaluated the potential predictive role of IFN-γ and IL-5 in cord and venous blood, together with the determination of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (PCT) for sepsis development in premature neonates. A total of 80 participants were included. The laboratory results and clinical histories showed that 21 participants had sepsis. Early onset sepsis was detected in 3 patients while late onset sepsis was observed in 18 participants. The venous plasma levels of IFN-γ and PCT was markedly increased in sepsis groups when compared to the participants without sepsis. On the other hand, levels of IL-5 did not significantly change in the evaluated groups of sepsis and in the control group of participants. Simultaneously, plasma venous levels were not altered in any of the evaluated groups. Obtained findings suggest that venous plasma levels of IFN-γ, rather than levels of IFN-γ in cord blood plasma, and PCT may have predictive potential for sepsis development in preterm neonates. Further studies are necessary to get more comprehension of the complex function of cytokines for sepsis development in preterm neonates.

scholarly journals Uterine Notch2 facilitates pregnancy recognition and corpus luteum maintenance via upregulating decidual Prl8a2

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. e1009786
Author(s):  
Haili Bao ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Ningjie Yang ◽  
Na Deng ◽  
Zhangli Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Agonist ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Pregnancy Recognition ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
In Pregnancy

The maternal recognition of pregnancy is a necessary prerequisite for gestation maintenance through prolonging the corpus luteum lifespan and ensuring progesterone production. In addition to pituitary prolactin and placental lactogens, decidual derived prolactin family members have been presumed to possess luteotropic effect. However, there was a lack of convincing evidence to support this hypothesis. Here, we unveiled an essential role of uterine Notch2 in pregnancy recognition and corpus luteum maintenance. Uterine-specific deletion of Notch2 did not affect female fertility. Nevertheless, the expression of decidual Prl8a2, a member of the prolactin family, was downregulated due to Notch2 ablation. Subsequently, we interrupted pituitary prolactin function to determine the luteotropic role of the decidua by employing the lipopolysaccharide-induced prolactin resistance model, or blocking the prolactin signaling by prolactin receptor-Fc fusion protein, or repressing pituitary prolactin release by dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine, and found that Notch2-deficient females were more sensitive to these stresses and ended up in pregnancy loss resulting from abnormal corpus luteum function and insufficient serum progesterone level. Overexpression of Prl8a2 in Notch2 knockout mice rescued lipopolysaccharide-induced abortion, highlighting its luteotropic function. Further investigation adopting Rbpj knockout and DNMAML overexpression mouse models along with chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase analysis confirmed that Prl8a2 was regulated by the canonical Notch signaling. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that decidual prolactin members, under the control of uterine Notch signaling, assisted pituitary prolactin to sustain corpus luteum function and serum progesterone level during post-implantation phase, which was conducive to pregnancy recognition and maintenance.

Renal function in the laboratory rat: a student exercise.

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. S49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Walker ◽  
M E Olson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Group A

Because of the increased concern over use of human body fluids in physiology teaching laboratories, we developed an exercise in renal function that utilizes laboratory rats. The purpose is to demonstrate the role of the kidneys in the homeostatic control of extracellular fluid volume, plasma ionic concentrations, and osmolarity. Three treatment groups are utilized: a volume-expanded (access to 1 g/100 ml sucrose) group, a volume-expanded and salt-loaded (access to 0.9 g/100 ml NaCl) group, and a volume-depleted (water-deprived) group. A normovolemic control group (access to tap water) is also included. Rats are housed individually in metabolic cages that allow accurate measurement of fluid intake and urine output. Blood samples are removed via cardiac puncture. The animals recover from this procedure and can be reutilized within 2-3 wk. When class data are pooled, clear trends are seen that demonstrate the volume-, osmo-, and ionoregulatory abilities of the kidneys.

57 DIETARY CLA SUPPLEMENTATION AFFECTS LUTEAL GENE EXPRESSION AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN CATTLE

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
H. Stinshoff ◽  
E. Onnen-Lübben ◽  
S. Wilkening ◽  
A. Hanstedt ◽  
H. Bollwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Group Ii

Shortly after parturition the metabolic situation of high-yielding dairy cows is often dominated by a negative energy balance. These effects affect the whole animal and may especially be detected in the reproductive tract, where they result in reduced fertility. An oral supplementation with dietary fats is often used to counteract by reducing milk fat content and, thus, supplying the individual animal with an increased amount of energy. The focus of the present study was to analyse the effects of an oral supplementation with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on corpus luteum (CL) function. Healthy Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups (Group 1: 50 g of CLA day–1 per animal, 2 heifers, 6 cows; Group 2: 100 g of CLA day–1 per animal, 2 heifers, 6 cows) and 1 control group (Ctl; 0 g of CLA day–1 per animal, 3 heifers, 4 cows). Feeding of the supplement began shortly after calving. After calving, all animals were subjected to a standard synchronisation protocol and experienced AI on Day 59 ± 3. Following AI, transvaginal biopsies of the corpus luteum were obtained of pregnant (Group I: n = 4; Group II: n = 4; Ctl: n = 4) and nonpregnant (Group I: n = 4; Group II: n = 4; Ctl: n = 3) animals on Days 6, 13 and 20 post-AI. Animals deemed pregnant on Day 28 were again biopsied on Day 42. Additionally, blood samples were taken from the vena sacralis mediana at the time of each biopsy. The biopsies were analysed regarding the relative abundance of 8 gene transcripts (VEGF, ECE1, PLA2G4A, PTGS2, PTGFR, PPARG, STAR and HSD3B1) via RT-qPCR. Blood samples were analysed for their concentration of progesterone through a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Statistical analysis for both datasets was performed via a 3-way ANOVA with adjoining Tukey test. The expression of 7 of these genes was affected by 1, 2, or all 3 of the following factors: day of cycle (VEGF, ECE1, PLA2G4A, PTGFR, STAR and HSD3B1), pregnancy status (ECE1, PTGFR and HSD3B1) and CLA supplementation (ECE1, PTGS2, PTGFR, STAR and HSD3B1). The effects of the CLA supplementation could be seen as a down-regulation in the mentioned gene transcripts. Progesterone concentrations differed significantly in dependency of the pregnancy status (significantly higher in pregnant vs nonpregnant individuals) of the animals, as well as during the days of the oestrous cycle (physiological progesterone curve with highest values on Day 13 of these samples). An effect of the oral supplementation with CLA could be detected during the early luteal phase (Day 6) where animals that had received 100 g of CLA day–1 had a significantly lower blood progesterone concentration than those receiving 50 g of CLA day–1 or no CLA. In conclusion, dietary CLA supplementation has an effect on luteal gene expression and functionality. The authors thank the DFG (German Research Foundation) for their financial support (PAK286/1; WR154/1-1).

scholarly journals Can the Presence of Ovarian Corpus Luteum Modify the Hormonal Composition of Follicular Fluid in Mares?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Katiuska Satué ◽  
Esterina Fazio ◽  
Pietro Medica
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Hormonal Content ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Small Follicle

The hypothesis of this study was to investigate if the presence of corpus luteum (CL) in one ovary could modify the hormonal content of follicular fluid (FF) in the follicles. Sixty ovaries were taken after the slaughter of 30 clinically healthy mares. In relation to the sizes, the follicles were classified into three different categories, as small (20–30 mm), medium (31–40 mm) and large (≥41 mm). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of mares before their slaughter, and then the FF samplings were extracted from each single follicle. The ovaries that were collected were classified into two groups, according to the presence (CL-bearing) or absence (non-CL-bearing) of CL. The serum and FF samples were analysed for progesterone (P4), oestradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A4) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Intrafollicular P4 concentrations in large follicles of CL-bearing groups were lower than for non-CL-bearing ones. Intrafollicular E2 concentrations increased with the increase of the follicle diameter in both groups, CL-bearing and non-CL-bearing. However, in the FF with a large and medium follicle size, E2 concentrations were significantly higher in non-CL-bearing groups than in CL-bearing groups. T and A4 significantly increased in the large and medium follicle sizes when compared to the small follicle sizes in both groups, but higher concentrations in the non-CL-bearing group were obtained. Intrafollicular DHEA significantly decreased with the increase of the follicular diameter in both groups. Steroid hormones in FF dynamically changed, according to the presence or not of CL in the ovary. This study brings new knowledge on the role of the CL in the follicular hormonal composition in mares.

scholarly journals Elevated Plasma Concentration of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine That Is Reduced by Single Dose Testosterone Administration in Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1651-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdinc Cakir ◽  
Omer Ozcan ◽  
Halil Yaman ◽  
Emin Ozgur Akgul ◽  
Cumhur Bilgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

Our aim was to investigate whether plasma l-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations and nitric oxide (NO) production are altered in male idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) patients in the hypogonadal state and after single dose testosterone administration compared with those in control subjects. Eighteen newly diagnosed male patients with IHH and 20 healthy volunteer controls matched by age and body mass index were enrolled in the study. Single dose testosterone was administrated im. Initially, pretreatment blood samples were collected after overnight fasting. Posttreatment blood samples were drawn 10 d after the injection. ADMA, l-arginine, and NO were measured in pre- and posttreatment blood samples. The pretreatment ADMA and l-arginine levels were significantly higher, and plasma nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels were lower than those in the control group. After 10 d of treatment, ADMA and l-arginine levels were significantly reduced, and NOx levels were significantly increased. There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between ADMA and l-arginine and a negative correlation between ADMA and NOx levels in patients and controls. In conclusion, the patients with IHH showed elevated plasma ADMA levels associated with a reduction in NO production. Single dose parenteral T administration lowered ADMA concentrations and increased NO production to the control group values.

Diagnostic Role Of MPV In Acute Appendicitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Pathological Diagnosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic role of mean platelet volume (MPV) for acute appendicitis. Methods: Patient files were retrospectively observed. MPV of 311 patients with pathological diagnosis of acute appendicitis were compared with the MPV of 314 healthy children (blood samples were taken for elective operations). SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) was used to evaluate the results. Results: 188 of acute appendicitis were male (%60.5). Mean age of acute appendicitis group was 10.22±3.83. MPV of children with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (8.37±0.83fL) and the control group (10.55±0.83fL). MPV values were statistically different between the acute appendicitis and control group (p<0,001). Conclusion: MPV may be used as a marker for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, but it is not a specific biomarker for appendicitis.

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