scholarly journals Physiological and Transcripts Analyses Reveal the Mechanism by Which Melatonin Alleviates Heat Stress in Chrysanthemum Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Xing ◽  
Yurong Ding ◽  
Jinyu Jin ◽  
Aiping Song ◽  
Sumei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat stress limits the growth and development of chrysanthemum seedlings. Although melatonin (MT) has been linked to the heat stress response in plants, research on the underlying molecular mechanisms is scarce. In this study, the regulatory networks of MT on heat stress in chrysanthemum seedlings were explored. Physiological measurements suggested that MT not only reduced malondialdehyde accumulation, hydrogen peroxide content, and superoxide anion free radical generation rate, but also significantly promoted osmotic regulation substance synthesis (proline and soluble protein), antioxidant accumulation (GSH and AsA), and the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) in chrysanthemum leaves under heat stress. Furthermore, MT increased the fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, and gas exchange indexes. Further, RNA-seq results revealed 33,497 and 36,740 differentially expressed genes in the S/Con and SMT/ConMT comparisons, respectively. The differences in the comparisons revealed that MT regulated heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs), and the genes involved in Ca2+ signal transduction (CNGCs and CAM/CMLs), starch and sucrose metabolism (EDGL, BGLU, SuS, and SPS), hormone (PP2Cs, AUX/IAAs, EBFs, and MYC2), chlorophyll metabolism (HEMA and PORA), flavonoid biosynthesis (CHS, DFR, and FNS), and carotenoid biosynthesis (DXPS, GGDP, and PSY). MT effectively improved chrysanthemum seedling heat-resistance. Our study, thus, provides novel evidence of a gene network regulated by MT under heat stress.

scholarly journals Chitosan (CTS) Alleviates Heat-Induced Leaf Senescence in Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Chlorophyll Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and the Heat Shock Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5337
Author(s):  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Yulong Tian ◽  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

Chitosan (CTS) is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that is involved in adaptive response to abiotic stresses. However, the regulatory role of CTS in heat tolerance is still not fully understood in plants, especially in grass species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CTS could reduce heat-induced senescence and damage to creeping bentgrass associated with alterations in antioxidant defense, chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, and the heat shock pathway. Plants were pretreated exogenously with or without CTS (0.1 g L−1) before being exposed to normal (23/18 °C) or high-temperature (38/33 °C) conditions for 15 days. Heat stress induced detrimental effects, including declines in leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency, but significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and Chl loss in leaves. The exogenous application of CTS significantly alleviated heat-induced damage in creeping bentgrass leaves by ameliorating water balance, ROS scavenging, the maintenance of Chl metabolism, and photosynthesis. Compared to untreated plants under heat stress, CTS-treated creeping bentgrass exhibited a significantly higher transcription level of genes involved in Chl biosynthesis (AsPBGD and AsCHLH), as well as a lower expression level of Chl degradation-related gene (AsPPH) and senescence-associated genes (AsSAG12, AsSAG39, Asl20, and Ash36), thus reducing leaf senescence and enhancing photosynthetic performance under heat stress. In addition, the foliar application of CTS significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX), thereby effectively reducing heat-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, heat tolerance regulated by the CTS in creeping bentgrass was also associated with the heat shock pathway, since AsHSFA-6a and AsHSP82 were significantly up-regulated by the CTS during heat stress. The potential mechanisms of CTS-regulated thermotolerance associated with other metabolic pathways still need to be further studied in grass species.

scholarly journals 607 Modulation of Heat Shock Proteins in Potato Leaves by Rhizospheric Calcium: Mitigation of Heat Stress Effect

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 501E-502
Author(s):  
Sookhee Park ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Shock Proteins

High temperature effects potato production by reducing overall growth and partitioning of photosynthate to tubers. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated that these effects can be reduced by increasing rhizospheric calcium. This present study was conducted to determine if this mitigation of heat stress effect on potato is due to modulation of heat shock protein by calcium during stress. An inert medium and nutrient delivery system capable of maintaining precise rhizospheric calcium levels were used. Biomass was measured and protein samples were collected from potato leaves. Using electroblotting, heat shock proteins were detected by antibodies to Hsp21 and Hsp70 (obtained from Dr. Elizabeth Vierling). Injury by prolonged heat stress was mitigated at calcium concentration >5 ppm. The calcium concentration of leaf and stem tissues were twice as high in 25 ppm calcium-treated plant compared to 1 ppm calcium-treated plants. Total foliage fresh weight was 33% higher and dry weight 20% higher in plants supplied with 25 ppm of calcium than supplied with 1 ppm of calcium. HSP21 was expressed only at high temperature and at greater concentrations in 25 ppm calcium treatment. HSP70 was expressed in both control, 20 °C/15 °C (day/night) and heat-stressed tissue, 35 °C/25 °C (day/night) under various calcium treatments (1 to 25 ppm). Also, there were some differences in HSPs expression patterns between young and mature leaves. Young tissue responded immediately to the heat stress and started to express HSP21 within 1 day. Mature tissue started to express HSP21 after 2 days. HSP21 of young tissue disappeared sooner than mature tissue when heat stress-treated plants were returned to normal conditions. These results support our earlier studies indicating that an increase in rhizospheric calcium mitigate heat stress effects on the potato plant. Furthermore these results suggest that this mitigation may be due to modulation of HSP21by rhizospheric calcium during heat stress.

The effect of heat stress on bull sperm quality and related HSPs expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Cheng ◽  
Songcai Liu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Dan Su ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Heat Shock Protein Expression ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat stress dramatically decreases bull sperm quality and has recently received more attention due to the warmer global climate and more intensive production. However, no data exist regarding sperm quality or the related molecular mechanisms under heat stress. Recent studies showed that inducible heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in the dairy heat stress regulation. In this article, to investigate the impacts of heat stress on sperm quality and the associated molecular mechanisms, sperm quality and enzyme activities concerning acrosome reaction were assessed in Simmental, Limousin and Yanbian bulls under heat stress. Subsequently, changes in heat shock protein expression profiles of Simmental bulls were observed, because we observed that sperm quality of these bulls was most sensitive to heat stress. Finally, the relationship between sperm quality and heat shock protein expression under heat stress was analyzed. The results show that summer heat stress decreased the sperm quality of the three bull breeds significantly. Moreover, different levels of heat stimulation induced various enzyme activity changes, among which the activity change in acrosomal enzyme was the most remarkable. Furthermore, the expression of heat shock proteins in the sperm was influenced by the imposed heat stress, among which the expression levels of HSP60 and HSP70 were increased while HSP90 decreased. In summary, our data show that heat stress seriously affects sperm quality and that HSP90 was most sensitive, although it should be noted that seasonal effects may confound these results. This change in heat shock protein expression may be the major factor that affected the sperm quality of the bulls. The findings may provide a new hypothesis for how heat stress impacts reproduction mechanistically.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and analysis of the heat shock transcription factor family in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Huang ◽  
Zhinuo Huang ◽  
Ruifang Ma ◽  
Jialu Chen ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Regulatory Pathways

AbstractHeat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are central elements in the regulatory network that controls plant heat stress response. They are involved in multiple transcriptional regulatory pathways and play important roles in heat stress signaling and responses to a variety of other stresses. We identified 41 members of the HSF gene family in moso bamboo, which were distributed non-uniformly across its 19 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the moso bamboo HSF genes could be divided into three major subfamilies; HSFs from the same subfamily shared relatively conserved gene structures and sequences and encoded similar amino acids. All HSF genes contained HSF signature domains. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that about 80% of the HSF proteins were located in the nucleus, consistent with the results of GO enrichment analysis. A large number of stress response–associated cis-regulatory elements were identified in the HSF upstream promoter sequences. Synteny analysis indicated that the HSFs in the moso bamboo genome had greater collinearity with those of rice and maize than with those of Arabidopsis and pepper. Numerous segmental duplicates were found in the moso bamboo HSF gene family. Transcriptome data indicated that the expression of a number of PeHsfs differed in response to exogenous gibberellin (GA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). A number of HSF genes were highly expressed in the panicles and in young shoots, suggesting that they may have functions in reproductive growth and the early development of rapidly-growing shoots. This study provides fundamental information on members of the bamboo HSF gene family and lays a foundation for further study of their biological functions in the regulation of plant responses to adversity.

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of heat shock proteins in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hussien Abou-Deif ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Salam Rashed ◽  
Kamal Mohamed Khalil ◽  
Fatma El-Sayed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Shock Proteins

Abstract Background Maize is one of the important cereal food crops in the world. High temperature stress causes adverse influence on plant growth. When plants are exposed to high temperatures, they produce heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may impart a generalized role in tolerance to heat stress. Proteome analysis was performed in plant to assess the changes in protein types and their expression levels under abiotic stress. The purpose of the study is to explore which proteins are involved in the response of the maize plant to heat shock treatment. Results We investigated the responses of abundant proteins of maize leaves, in an Egyptian inbred line of maize “K1”, upon heat stress through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) on samples of maize leaf proteome. 2-DE technique was used to recognize heat-responsive protein spots using Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and silver staining. In 2-D analysis of proteins from plants treated at 45 °C for 2 h, the results manifested 59 protein spots (4.3%) which were reproducibly detected as new spots where did not present in the control. In 2D for treated plants for 4 h, 104 protein spots (7.7%) were expressed only under heat stress. Quantification of spot intensities derived from heat treatment showed that twenty protein spots revealed clear differences between the control and the two heat treatments. Nine spots appeared with more intensity after heat treatments than the control, while four spots appeared only after heat treatments. Five spots were clearly induced after heat treatment either at 2 h or 4 h and were chosen for more analysis by LC-MSMS. They were identified as ATPase beta subunit, HSP26, HSP16.9, and unknown HSP/Chaperonin. Conclusion The results revealed that the expressive level of the four heat shock proteins that were detected in this study plays important roles to avoid heat stress in maize plants.

Localization of metallothionein, heat shock protein (Hsp70), and superoxide dismutase expression in Hemidiaptomus roubaui (Copepoda, Crustacea) exposed to cadmium and heat stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Liberge ◽  
Roxane-M. Barthélémy
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Shock Proteins

Immunohistochemical methods were applied in the present study to investigate the expression of stress proteins such as metallothioneins (MT), which are metal-binding proteins, and heat shock proteins (Hsp70), as well as an antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD), in the freshwater crustacean copepod Hemidiaptomus roubaui (Richard, 1888) exposed to cadmium or heat stress. The results show a tissue-specific distribution of MT-like protein after cadmium exposure in the brain and in the nerve cord. Cadmium stress did not provoke inducible Hsp70 or SOD expression. Unlike cadmium, heat stress induced the expression of Hsp70 and SOD in the shell glands, a structure involved in the reproductive function, and more particularly in the formation of the diapause egg envelope. MT expression is not induced in animals exposed to heat stress.

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