MutMap Approach Enables Rapid Identification of Candidate Genes and Development of Markers Associated With Early Flowering and Enhanced Seed Size in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Globally terminal drought is one of the major constraints to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production. Early flowering genotypes escape terminal drought, and the increase in seed size compensates for yield losses arising from terminal drought. A MutMap population for early flowering and large seed size was developed by crossing the mutant line ICC4958-M3-2828 with wild-type ICC 4958. Based on the phenotyping of MutMap population, extreme bulks for days to flowering and 100-seed weight were sequenced using Hi-Seq2500 at 10X coverage. On aligning 47.41 million filtered reads to the CDC Frontier reference genome, 31.41 million reads were mapped and 332,395 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called. A reference genome assembly for ICC 4958 was developed replacing these SNPs in particular positions of the CDC Frontier genome. SNPs specific for each mutant bulk ranged from 3,993 to 5,771. We report a single unique genomic region on Ca6 (between 9.76 and 12.96 Mb) harboring 31, 22, 17, and 32 SNPs with a peak of SNP index = 1 for low bulk for flowering time, high bulk for flowering time, high bulk for 100-seed weight, and low bulk for 100-seed weight, respectively. Among these, 22 SNPs are present in 20 candidate genes and had a moderate allelic impact on the genes. Two markers, Ca6EF10509893 for early flowering and Ca6HSDW10099486 for 100-seed weight, were developed and validated using the candidate SNPs. Thus, the associated genes, candidate SNPs, and markers developed in this study are useful for breeding chickpea varieties that mitigate yield losses under drought stress.

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A preliminary investigation of cultivated and wild species of Luffa for oil and protein contents

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s147926211300035x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 103-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krishna Prakash ◽

Jalli Radhamani ◽

Anjula Pandey ◽

Sangita Yadav

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Wild Species ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Biochemical Traits ◽

Major Cluster ◽

Cultivated Species ◽

Edible Seed ◽

100 Seed Weight

Seeds of wild and cultivated species of Luffa were studied to determine the variability in morphological (seed size, colour, seed-coat surface and 100-seed weight) and biochemical (oil and protein) characteristics. A total of 80 accessions of three cultivated species (71 accessions) and three wild species (9 accessions) of Luffa under the present investigation from diverse regions (12 states of five regions) of India showed variations in seed size, colour, seed-coat surface, 100-seed weight, and seed protein and oil contents both within the accessions of the same species and between different species. Significant variability in seed morphological traits was observed. Both seed oil and soluble seed protein contents were highest in some accessions of the cultivated species (25–27% oil and 8–10% protein, respectively, on a fresh seed weight basis). Using the 2D scatter plot diagram derived from the principal components analysis, the morphological and biochemical traits of the 80 Luffa accessions classified the wild species into one cluster (cluster I) and the cultivated species into a second major cluster (cluster II). The present investigation on the correlation between seed morphology and biochemical traits in the cultivated and wild species of Luffa can help in identifying the genotypes of Luffa species with valuable traits for further exploring the potential of this valuable crop as a source of edible oil, food and fodder in edible seed types or as a source of industrial oil/biodiesel in non-edible seed types. The protein-rich seed could be further explored to be utilized in the fortification of food products for value addition.

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Variation in Morphological Characters and Yield Attributes of Five Selected Soybean Genotypes

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26873 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 93-96

Author(s):

D Sultana ◽

MN Bari ◽

MA Karim ◽

MAB Mia ◽

RR Sarker

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Size ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Check Variety ◽

100 Seed Weight

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during November 2013 to March 2014. Four soybean genotypes i.e BU Soybean1, BD2329, BD2331, AGS313 and a check variety BARI Soybean 6 were used to evaluate their variations in morphological characters and yield attributes. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The highest LAI (4.4) was found in genotype AGS313 and the smallest was found in BU Soyabean1. The highest pod size of 625 mg pod-1 was found in AGS313 while the lowest of 340 mg pod-1 was observed in BU Soybean1. Although BU Soyabean1 had smaller seed size but it had higher number of pods plant-1 (32.1) compared to other genotypes. The maximum 100-seed weight was recorded in AGS313 (16.34 g) and the minimum was obtained from the genotype BU Soybean1 (11.0 g). AGS313 genotype contributed to the highest grain yield of 4.29 tha-1, while BU Soyabean1 stood second position contributing 2.65 tha-1. Results also indicated that not only seed size but also number of pods plant-1 contributed to grain yield. Again there were highly significant differences among genotypes for all the characters.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 93-96 2015

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Influence of Seed Size on Seedling Emergence, Growth and Yield of Potted Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajahr/2020/v6i230068 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13-21

Author(s):

Oyewole, Charles Iledun ◽

Aminu Patience

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

State University ◽

Arachis Hypogea ◽

100 Seed Weight

Pot experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State in the Southern Guinea savannah ecological zone of Nigeria to evaluate the influence of seed size on plant performance with reference to seedling emergence, seedling growth, development and yield components and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea). The treatment consisted of three different seed sizes: small, medium and large seeds apportioned to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with ten replications. For seed size, the seeds were initially graded into small, medium and large seeds based on visual assessment for length and diameter and from each group 100-seed weight was determined thus 100-seed weight became the parameter for measuring seed size as used in this experiment. The analyzed data showed no significant effect of seed size on groundnut canopy height, leaf number, leaf area, stem girth, days to first flower, number of pods / plant, pod weight, and shelling percentage, but significantly influenced mean days to seedling emergence, days to 50 percent flowering, 100-seed weight and taproot length. The significant effect of seed size on days to seedling emergence, days to 50 percent flowering, 100-seed weight and taproot length could significantly influence farmers’ opinion in the choice of seeds used in planting a field; as this could determine crop maturity, grain yield/ha while length of tap root could affect depth of root forage for nutrients and water, thus crop survival. Despite the non-significant effect of the treatment (seed size) on most parameters investigated, generally crop performance increased with seed size and vice versa, thus sowing of larger seeds is recommended for better groundnut performance.

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Genetic Parameters for Determining Useful Parents in Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Breeding for Early Maturity, Small Seed Size, and High Seed Yield

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2021/3910073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Trustinah ◽

Rudi Iswanto ◽

Ratri T. Hapsari ◽

Novita Nugrahaeni ◽

Rudy Soehendi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Small Seed ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

High Seed Yield ◽

Number Of Branches

Early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield are important characters of mungbean in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to determine the useful parents in mungbean crosses for early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield varieties by estimating the genetic parameters and their inheritance. The study was conducted at the ILETRI, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of 2014. 20 F1 and 5 parents were evaluated using a randomized block design, repeated three times. Results of the study showed that all observed traits showed the importance of both additive and dominance gene effects. The relative value of general combining ability (GCA) was greater than specific combining ability (SCA) for number of pod clusters per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height, days to maturity, and 100-seed weight which indicated the importance of additive gene effect. The dominance gene effect occurred on number of pods and seed yield per plant. Among five parents, G3 was the best combiner for all the observed characters except pod length; therefore, G3 could be exploited for late maturity, small seed size, high number of branches and pod cluster, and high seed yield. G5 has a high GCA for 100-seed weight. G1 and G2 have good GCA for early maturity. G3 and G5 genotypes are useful as parents in mungbean breeding for small and large seed size varieties, respectively. The best combination for seed yield was G2 × G3 and G3 × G1 crosses and could be proceeded with selection for early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield varieties.

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Genetic variability and interrelationships of phenological, physicochemical and cooking quality traits in chickpea

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262112000251 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 194-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shailesh Tripathi ◽

Vindla Sridhar ◽

Aravind K. Jukanti ◽

Kamatam Suresh ◽

B. V. Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Cooking Quality ◽

Cooking Time ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Swelling Capacity ◽

High Heritability ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Hydration Capacity

Eighty-six chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, including 44 Kabuli type and 42 Desi type, were evaluated for their phenological, physicochemical and cooking quality traits. There were significant differences among the genotypes for days to 50% flowering (34–81 d), days to maturity (85–122 d), number of pods per plant (13–66), number of seeds per plant (15–85), 100-seed weight (10.5–58.6 g), seed yield (561–1852 kg/ha), hydration capacity (0.11–0.68 g water/seed), hydration index (0.80–1.21), swelling capacity (0.11–0.7 ml/seed), seed volume (0.1–0.52 ml/seed) and cooking time (38–125 min). The Desi and Kabuli types of chickpea differed significantly from each other for all the traits except for hydration index, swelling index and cooking time. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for 100-seed weight, hydration capacity, swelling capacity and seed volume in both Desi and Kabuli genotypes. Seed size (100-seed weight and seed volume) showed significant positive correlations with hydration capacity and swelling capacity. Cooking time did not show any significant positive or negative correlation with any of the traits studied, including seed size, indicating that other additional factors may be involved in controlling cooking time. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to develop cultivars with faster cooking time in both Kabuli and Desi types and in all seed size categories.

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Effect of Seed Size on the Performance of ‘Florunner’ Peanuts1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-4-1-8 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 32-36

Author(s):

D. W. Gorbet

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Agronomic Crops ◽

Slot Length ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rate Of Emergence ◽

Size Interaction ◽

100 Seed Weight

Abstract Rapid and uniform stand establishment of vigorous seedlings is basic to good crop performance. Seed size has been shown to be an important factor in the production of a number of agronomic crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the performance of various seed sizes of ‘Florunner’ peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) relative to the rate of emergence, seedling vigor, yield, and grade, when grown under field conditions, and to determine the size distributions of the seed harvested from these plantings. The seed were sized on a nested set of slotted screens of the following slot widths: 1) 8.53 mm, 2) 7.54 mm, 3) 6.75 mm, 4) 5.95 mm, 5) 5.16 mm and a standard slot length of 19.05 mm. Over 40% of the seed passed through the 8.53 mm screen and rode the 7.54 mm screen, and 90% or more of the seed rode the 6.75 mm or larger screen. Rate-of-emergence and seedlingvigor data were significantly affected by planted-seed size and positively associated with increased seed size. Significant differences in yield in favor of the larger seed sizes were noted in two of the three years of testing. When data were combined across years, significant difference for yield was obtained only between the smallest planted-seed size (5.16 mm) and the others. Grading-data responses were similar to those noted for yield. ELK values and 100-seed weight were significantly affected by planted-seed size, with a positive correlation of r = 0.925 between planted-seed size and 100-seed weight of harvested seed. Values for SMK and total meats indicated a highly significant year x size interaction. The planting-seed size had a significant effect on harvested-seed size some years, but the patterns of response were not consistent.

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Agronomic Characteristics and Seed Yield of Indonesian Mungbean (Vigna radiata) Genetic Resources

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i1030433 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-21

Author(s):

Roedy Soehendi ◽

Ratri T. Hapsari ◽

Novita Nugrahaeni ◽

Pratanti Haksiwi ◽

. Suhartina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Seed Size ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Wide Range ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

High Diversity ◽

Germplasm Accessions

The availability of mungbean (Vigna radiata) genetic resources is important in breeding programs for development of new improved varieties. The objective of this study was to describe the characters of 300 accessions of ILETRI’s mungbean genetic resources collections. The study was conducted in Jambegede Experimental Station, East Java, Indonesia during dry season 2018. The results showed that the descriptive characters of 300 mungbean germplasm accessions had a fairly wide range, namely 50%-flowering date ranged from 30-50 days after planting with an average of 41.92 days, Pod maturity ranged from 50 - 88 days after planting with an average of 74.08 days, 100-seed weight ranged from 2.43 to 7.96 g with an average of 4.52 g, and Seed weight per plot ranged from 10 - 525 g with an average of 254.53 g. There were three accessions with seed size more than 7.5 g/100 seeds, namely MLGV 0713, MLGV 0960, and MLGV 1027. These accessions could be used as a source of genes for developing high yielding and large seed size of new improved mungbean varieties. Furthermore, the high diversity data in mungbean collection can provide information to used by breeders.

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Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 387-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shivali Sharma ◽

H. D. Upadhyaya ◽

C. L. L. Gowda ◽

Shiv Kumar ◽

Sube Singh

Keyword(s):

Genetic Analysis ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Seed Size ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Gene Effects ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Additive Gene Effects ◽

Gene Segregation ◽

Additive Gene ◽

100 Seed Weight

Sharma, S., Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, C. L. L., Kumar, S. and Singh, S. 2013. Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 387–395. Seed size (determined by 100-seed weight) is an important component of trade and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The present investigation was undertaken to study the possibility of maternal inheritance for seed size and to estimate relative importance of additive and non-additive gene effects on seed size in three chickpea crosses involving two desi (ICC 5002 and ICC 7672) and two kabuli (ICC 11255 and ICC 17109) genotypes. The study included parents, F1, F2, backcross generations, and their reciprocals. Differences in the reciprocal mean 100-seed weight of F1, F2, and backcross generations were not detected in any cross. No definite major gene segregation pattern was observed in the F2 generation, and the continuous variation observed indicated quantitative inheritance. Generation mean analysis indicated the presence of additive gene effects controlling seed size in three crosses. Additive×additive type of non-allelic interactions were found significant in desi×kabuli crosses, ICC 5002×ICC 17109 and ICC 7672×ICC 11255. The selection and breeding procedure may be modified for maximum exploitation of the fixable additive×additive epistasis by delaying selection in later generations and by maintaining large populations prior to selection for maximum recombination of genes to occur.

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Diallel Analysis of Genetic Variation in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700007808 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. S. Dahiya ◽

J. S. Brar

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Diallel Analysis ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Graphical Analysis ◽

Variance Component Analysis ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Pod Number

SUMMARYA diallel analysis of flowering time, pod number, 100-seed weight and yield of six cultivars of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. was studied. Additive inheritance was important in determining flowering time, but the dominance component was higher than the additive component, and over-dominance was observed for pod number, 100-seed weight and yield. Heritability estimates for all the traits except flowering time were quite low, and the bulk population method of breeding was suggested for early segregating generations. The graphical analysis of the diallel cross was in close agreement with the findings from variance component analysis. It is suggested that the best cross would be that between two parents chosen on the basis of their low g.c.a. for flowering time and their high g.c.a. for other traits.

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Diversity of common bean in Jammu and Kashmir, India: a DIVAgeographic information system and cluster analysis

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v6i1.406 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 226-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sheikh Mohammad Sultan ◽

Sher Ahmad Dar ◽

Suheel Ahmad Dand ◽

Natarajan Sivaraj

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Seed Size ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Length ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

100 Seed Weight

A total of 80 diverse germplasm accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were collected from 31 different locations known for marginal and risk prone farming systems in remote and hilly areas of North-Western Indian Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir. The variability was observed in seed color, shape, size and 100- seed weight. Thirteen colors of bean seeds were represented in these 80 accessions with high predominance of red colored seeds. Cuboid, kidney and oval seed shapes observed were represented respectively in 61.25%, 25% and 13.75% of the accessions. There were significant variations in seed length, width and 100-seed weight being highly significant in the later case. All the three seed size classes (small, medium and large according to CIAT categorization) were represented in the collected accessions. 22.5% accessions have 100-seed weight less than 25g, 53.75% accessions have 100-seed weight between 25-40g while 100-seed weight of more than 40g was recorded in 23.75% of the accessions. Highly positive correlations were found between 100-seed weight and seed length and width and between seed length and seed width. The 80 accessions were grouped in three clusters at a coefficient level of 0.3 with largest cluster of 59 accessions followed by a medium cluster with 20 accessions and the least with a single accession. Grid maps generated through DIVA-GIS software indicated that diverse accessions of common bean in terms of seed size and weight can be sourced from the areas falling in Budgam, Shopian and Kulgam districts of the state. Conservation of this remarkable genetic diversity is recommended for future propagation, breeding and the investigation of the genetic relationships.

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