2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation

Salt stress has long been a prominent obstacle that restricts crop growth, and increasing the L-ascorbic acid (ASA) content of crops is an effective means of alleviating this stress. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA) is a precursor used in industrial ASA production as well as an ASA degradation product in plants. However, to date, no study has investigated the effects of 2KGA on ASA metabolism and salt stress. Here, we evaluated the potential of using 2KGA to improve crop resistance to salt stress (100mM NaCl) through a cultivation experiment of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). The results showed that the leaf and root biomass were significantly improved by 2KGA application. The levels of metabolites and enzymes related to stress resistance were increased, whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were decreased. Lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage were alleviated following 2KGA treatment. Positive correlations were found between photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes, ASA and photosynthetic pigments, and ASA and antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, negative correlations were observed between antioxidant enzymes and H2O2/MDA. Moreover, the expression levels of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase, GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, dehydroascorbate reductase-3, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by 2KGA treatment. These results suggested that exogenous 2KGA application can relieve the inhibitory effect of salt stress on plant growth, and the promotion of ASA synthesis may represent a critical underlying mechanism. Our findings have significant implications for the future application of 2KGA or its fermentation residue in agriculture.

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Promotion of Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Water-Stressed Triticum aestivum in Relation to Foliar-Application of Salicylic Acid

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1316

Author(s):

Abida Parveen ◽

Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽

Iqbal Hussain ◽

Shagufta Perveen ◽

Rizwan Rasheed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Water Stress ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Available Water ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Growth Attributes

The present work reports the assessment of the effectiveness of a foliar-spray of salicylic acid (SA) on growth attributes, biochemical characteristics, antioxidant activities and osmolytes accumulation in wheat grown under control (100% field capacity) and water stressed (60% field capacity) conditions. The total available water (TAW), calculated for a rooting depth of 1.65 m was 8.45 inches and readily available water (RAW), considering a depletion factor of 0.55, was 4.65 inches. The water contents corresponding to 100 and 60% field capacity were 5.70 and 1.66 inches, respectively. For this purpose, seeds of two wheat cultivars (Fsd-2008 and S-24) were grown in pots subjected to water stress. Water stress at 60% field capacity markedly reduced the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins (TSP) and total phenolic contents (TPC) compared with control. However, cv. Fsd-2008 was recorded as strongly drought-tolerant and performed better compared to cv. S-24, which was moderately drought tolerant. However, water stress enhanced the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and membrane electrolyte leakage (EL) and modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA), proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) contents. Foliar-spray with salicylic acid (SA; 0, 3 mM and 6 mM) effectively mitigated the adverse effects of water stress on both cultivars. SA application at 6 mM enhanced the shoot and root length, as well as their fresh and dry weights, and improved photosynthetic pigments. SA foliage application further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and phenolics contents. However, foliar-spray of SA reduced MDA, H2O2 and membrane permeability in both cultivars under stress conditions. The results of the present study suggest that foliar-spray of salicylic acid was effective in increasing the tolerance of wheat plants under drought stress in terms of growth attributes, antioxidant defense mechanisms, accumulation of osmolytes, and by reducing membrane lipid peroxidation.

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Overexpression of a S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase from Sugar Beet M14 Increased Araidopsis Salt Tolerance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20081990 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1990 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Meichao Ji ◽

Kun Wang ◽

Lin Wang ◽

Sixue Chen ◽

Haiying Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase

Polyamines play an important role in plant growth and development, and response to abiotic stresses. Previously, differentially expressed proteins in sugar beet M14 (BvM14) under salt stress were identified by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. One of the proteins was an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines. In this study, the BvM14-SAMDC gene was cloned from the sugar beet M14. The full-length BvM14-SAMDC was 1960 bp, and its ORF contained 1119 bp encoding the SAMDC of 372 amino acids. In addition, we expressed the coding sequence of BvM14-SAMDC in Escherichia coli and purified the ~40 kD BvM14-SAMDC with high enzymatic activity. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the BvM14-SAMDC was up-regulated in the BvM14 roots and leaves under salt stress. To investigate the functions of the BvM14-SAMDC, it was constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic plants exhibited greater salt stress tolerance, as evidenced by longer root length and higher fresh weight and chlorophyll content than wild type (WT) under salt treatment. The levels of spermidine (Spd) and spermin (Spm) concentrations were increased in the transgenic plants as compared with the WT. Furthermore, the overexpression plants showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased cell membrane damage. Compared with WT, they also had low expression levels of RbohD and RbohF, which are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together, these results suggest that the BvM14-SAMDC mediated biosynthesis of Spm and Spd contributes to plant salt stress tolerance through enhancing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing ROS generation.

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Induction of tetraploidy in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestrisssp.chinensisMakino) by colchicine treatment increases the ascorbic acid concentration

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/14620316.2014.11513048 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Shuning Zhang ◽

Jun Ren ◽

Xilin Hou ◽

Aisheng Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽

Heading Chinese Cabbage

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Comparison of ascorbic acid biosynthesis in different tissues of three non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivars

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 229-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jun Ren ◽

Zhongwen Chen ◽

Weike Duan ◽

Xiaoming Song ◽

Tongkun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Heading Chinese Cabbage ◽

Different Tissues

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BcERF070, a novel ERF (ethylene-response factor) transcription factor from non-heading Chinese cabbage, affects the accumulation of ascorbic acid by regulating ascorbic acid-related genes

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-019-1065-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jingping Yuan ◽

Zhanghong Yu ◽

Tingting Lin ◽

Li Wang ◽

Xuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Ethylene Response Factor ◽

Response Factor ◽

Ethylene Response ◽

Heading Chinese Cabbage

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The Effects of Foliar Application of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) on Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, Lipid Peroxidation and Proline Accumulation of Canola (Brassica napus L.) under Conditions of Salt Stress

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science ◽

10.1111/j.1439-037x.2008.00301.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 194 (3) ◽

pp. 206-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

A. Dolatabadian ◽

S. A. M. M. Sanavy ◽

N. A. Chashmi

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Proline Accumulation ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

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Impact of Foliar Application of Chitosan Dissolved in Different Organic Acids on Isozymes, Protein Patterns and Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed S. Attia ◽

Mahmoud S. Osman ◽

Amr S. Mohamed ◽

Hany A. Mahgoub ◽

Mohamed O. Garada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Protein Patterns ◽

Tomato Plants

In this study, the anti-stress capabilities of the foliar application of chitosan, dissolved in four different organic acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid and malic acid) have been investigated on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants under salinity stress (100 mM NaCl). Morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, oxidative stress, minerals, antioxidant enzymes activity, isozymes and protein patterns were tested for potential tolerance of tomato plants growing under salinity stress. Salinity stress was caused a reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and potassium (K+) content. However, the contents of proline, ascorbic acid, total phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium (Na+) and antioxidant enzyme activity were increased in tomato plants grown under saline conditions. Chitosan treatments in any of the non-stressed plants showed improvements in morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activity. Besides, the harmful impacts of salinity on tomato plants have also been reduced by lowering MDA, H2O2 and Na+ levels. Chitosan treatments in either non-stressed or stressed plants showed different responses in number and density of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes. NaCl stress led to the diminishing of protein bands with different molecular weights, while they were produced again in response to chitosan foliar application. These responses were varied according to the type of solvent acid. It could be suggested that foliar application of chitosan, especially that dissolved in ascorbic or citric acid, could be commercially used for the stimulation of tomato plants grown under salinity stress.

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