scholarly journals Functional Characterization of the Pheophytinase Gene, ZjPPH, From Zoysia japonica in Regulating Chlorophyll Degradation and Photosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Teng ◽  
Yuesen Yue ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Lixin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Chlorophyll Degradation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Transient Measurement

Pheophytinase (PPH), the phytol hydrolase, plays important roles in chlorophyll degradation. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the PPHs in warm-season grass species; neither its detailed function in photosynthesis has been systematically explored to date. In this study, we isolated ZjPPH from Zoysia japonica, an excellent warm-season turfgrass species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and promoter activity characterization revealed that the expression of ZjPPH could be induced by senescence, ABA, and dark induction. Subcellular localization observation proved that ZjPPH was localized in the chloroplasts. Overexpression of ZjPPH accelerated the chlorophyll degradation and rescued the stay-green phenotype of the Arabidopsis pph mutant. Moreover, ZjPPH promoted senescence with the accumulation of ABA and soluble sugar contents, as well as the increased transcriptional level of SAG12 and SAG14. Transmission electron microscopy investigation revealed that ZjPPH caused the decomposition of chloroplasts ultrastructure in stable transformed Arabidopsis. Furthermore, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient measurement analysis suggested that ZjPPH suppressed photosynthesis efficiency by mainly suppressing both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). In conclusion, ZjPPH plays an important role in chlorophyll degradation and senescence. It could be a valuable target for genetic editing to cultivate new germplasms with stay-green performance and improved photosynthetic efficiency.

scholarly journals Comparative Analyses of Physiological Responses ofCynodon dactylonAccessions from Southwest China to Sulfur Dioxide Toxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yiqiao Li ◽  
Lingxia Sun ◽  
Shizhen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Treated Condition

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a major air pollutant in developing countries, is highly toxic to plants. To achieve better air quality and landscape, planting appropriate grass species in severe SO2polluted areas is very critical.Cynodon dactylon, a widely used warm season turfgrass species, has good SO2-tolerant ability. In this study, we selected 9 out of 38C. dactylonaccessions from Southwest China as representatives of high, intermediate SO2-tolerant and SO2-sensitive accessions to comparatively analyze their physiological differences in leaves under SO2untreated and treated conditions. Our results revealed that SO2-tolerantC. dactylonaccessions showed higher soluble sugar, proline, and chlorophyll a contents under both SO2treated and untreated conditions; higher chlorophyll b and carotenoid under SO2treated condition; lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, oxidative damages, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities under SO2treated condition; and higher peroxidase (POD) activities under SO2untreated condition. Further results indicated that SO2-tolerantC. dactylonaccessions had higher sulfur contents under both SO2treated and untreated conditions, consistent with higher SO activities under both SO2treated and untreated conditions, and higher SiR activities under SO2treated condition. Taken together, our results indicated that SO2tolerance ofC. dactylonmight be largely related to soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll a contents, and SO enzyme activity.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Key Genes Involved in Major Metabolic Regulation Related to Colored Leaf Formation in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ during Development

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Xiulian Yang ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
Wenjie Ding ◽  
Yuli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Chlorophyll Degradation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Leaf Formation

Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ not only has a beautiful shape and fresh floral fragrance, but also rich leaf colors that change, making the tree useful for landscaping. In order to study the mechanisms of color formation in O. fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ leaves, we analyzed the colored and green leaves at different developmental stages in terms of leaf pigment content, cell structure, and transcriptome data. We found that the chlorophyll content in the colored leaves was lower than that of green leaves throughout development. By analyzing the structure of chloroplasts, the colored leaves demonstrated more stromal lamellae and low numbers of granum thylakoid. However, there was a large number of plastoglobuli. Using transcriptome sequencing, we demonstrated that the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chlorophyll degradation was upregulated, i.e., heme oxygennase-1 (HO1), pheophorbide a oxidase (PAO), and chlorophyllase-2 (CLH2), affecting the synthesis of chlorophyll in colored leaves. The stay-green gene (SGR) was upregulated in colored leaves. Genes involved in carotenoid synthesis, i.e., phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and 1-Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), were downregulated in colored leaves, impeding the synthesis of carotenoids. In the later stage of leaf development, the downregulated expression of Golden2-Like (GLK) inhibited chloroplast development in colored leaves. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the correlation between physiological indicators and DEGs, we chose the modules with the highest degree of relevance to chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid metabolism. A total of five genes (HSFA2, NFYC9, TCP20, WRKY3, and WRKY4) were identified as hub genes. These analyses provide new insights into color formation mechanisms in O. fragrans ‘Yinbi Shuanghui’ leaves at the transcriptional level.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of PEBP Genes in Dendrobium huoshanense: Unveiling the Antagonistic Functions of FT/TFL1 in Flowering Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Song ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Hui Deng
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Phylogeny Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Dendrobium Huoshanense ◽  
Flowering Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Dendrobium is a semi-shade epiphytic Orchidaceae herb with important ornamental and medicinal value. Parts of the cultivation of Dendrobium germplasm resources, as well as the identification of medicinal components, are more studied, but the functional characterization of the flowering regulation in Dendrobium plants is less reported. Here, six PEBP family genes (DhFT3, DhFT1, DhMFT, DhTFL1b, DhFT2, and DhTFL1a) were identified from the Dendrobium huoshanense genome. The chromosome-level mapping showed that these genes were sequentially distributed on chromosomes 6, 9, 15, and 17. The paralogous gene DhTFL1b corresponded to DhTFL1a, which was determined through tandem duplication. The gene structure and conserved motif of DhPEBP indicated five PEBP genes apart from DhMFT contained four exons and three introns entirely. The phylogeny analysis showed that the PEBP gene family in A. thaliana, O. sativa, Z. mays, S. lycopersicum, and P. equestris were classified into three subclades, FT, TFL, and MFT, which maintained a high homology with D. huoshanense. The conserved domain of the amino acid demonstrated that two highly conserved short motifs (DPDXP and GXHR) embed in DhPEBPs, which may contribute to the conformation of the ligand binding bag. The 86th position of DhFTs was tyrosine (Y), while the 83th and 87th of DhTFL1s belonged to histidine (H), suggesting they should have distinct functions in flowering regulation. The promoter of six DhPEBPs contained several cis-elements related to hormone induction, light response, and abiotic stress, which indicated they could be regulated by the environmental stress and endogenous signaling pathways. The qRT-PCR analysis of DhPEBPs in short-term days induced by GA indicated the gene expressions of all DhFTs were gradually increased, whereas the expression of DhTFL1 was decreased. The results implied that DhPEBPs have various regulatory functions in modulating flowering, which will provide a scientific reference for the flowering regulation of Dendrobium plants.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES DE GRAMA IRRIGADAS COM EFLUENTE DOMÉSTICO.

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Aline Regina Piedade ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz ◽  
Sérgio Campos ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Effluent Irrigation ◽  
Supply Water

DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES DE GRAMA IRRIGADAS COM EFLUENTE DOMÉSTICO.  Aline Regina Piedade1; Raimundo Leite Cruz2; Sérgio Campos2; Roberto Lyra Villas Boas31Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas, SP, [email protected] 2Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP2Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desenvolvimento vegetativo de quatro espécies de grama irrigadas por gotejamento com efluente de Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Doméstico e água de abastecimento (Sabesp). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da área experimental da FCA/UNESP (Botucatu-SP) durante 12 meses, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado num fatorial 4 x 3, seguidos de quatro repetições totalizando 48 parcelas. As espécies de grama utilizadas foram: Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secandatum (Walt.) Kuntze); Bermudas (Cynodum dactylon); Esmeralda (Zoysia japônica) e São Carlos (Axnopus sp). E os tratamentos foram: T1- Irrigação com reuso; T2- Irrigação com reuso + adubação química e T3- Irrigação com água de abastecimento da Sabesp + adubação química (Testemunha). Os dados foram submetidos à comparação de médias por Tukey com 5 % de probabilidade. Verificou-se que o nitrogênio presente na água de reuso foi suficiente para o bom desenvolvimento das espécies de grama, porém a sua utilização proporcionou uma maior lixiviação de potássio. UNITERMOS: reuso de água, irrigação, gramados, água residuária, esgoto.  PIEDADE, A. R; CRUZ, R. L.; CAMPOS, S.; BOAS, R. L. V. VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR GRASS SPECIES IRRIGATED WITH EFFLUENT OF DOMESTIC  2 ABSTRACT This research aimed to compare the development of four grasses species irrigated by dripping with an effluent from a domestic wastewater station treatment in a small rural community, and supply water from Sabesp. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the FCA/UNESP (Botucatu - SP) for 12 months in a completely randomized 4 x 3 factorial design, with four replications, totalizing 48 parcels. Grass species used in this experiment were: Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secandatum (Walt.) Kuntze); Bermudas (Cynodum dactylon); Esmeralda (Zoysia japônica) and São Carlos (Axnopus sp). The treatments were: T1- Irrigation with re-use; T2- Irrigation with re-use + chemical fertilization and T3- Irrigation with supply water from Sabesp + chemical fertilization (control). Data were submitted to comparison of means by Tukey’s test at 5 %. The results showed that nitrogen in the wastewater was enough for the good development of the grass species. However, its use caused higher potassium loss. KEYWORDS: re-use water, effluent, irrigation, grass, sludge.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Characterization of the CVOMT and EOMT Genes Promoters from Ocimum Basilicum L

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khakdan ◽  
Zahra Shirazi ◽  
Mojtaba Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Abstract Methyl chavicol and methyl eugenol are important phenylpropanoid compounds previously purified from basil. These compounds are significantly enhanced by the water deficit stress-dependent mechanism. Here, for the first time, pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters were extracted by the genome walking method. They were then cloned into the upstream of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to identify the pattern of GUS water deficit stress-specific expression. Histochemical GUS assays showed in transgenic tobacco lines bearing the GUS gene driven by pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters, GUS was strongly expressed under water deficit stress. qRT-PCR analysis of pObCVOMT and pObEOMT transgenic plants confirmed the histochemical assays, indicating that the GUS expression is also significantly induced and up-regulated by increasing density of water deficit stress. This indicates these promoters are able to drive inducible expression. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that the pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters contained dehydration or water deficit-related transcriptional control elements.

scholarly journals Characterization and Functional Analysis of FaHsfC1b from Festuca arundinacea Conferring Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zhuang ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jingjin Yu ◽  
Zhimin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Class C

Heat transcription factors (Hsfs) belong to a large gene family classified into A, B, and C groups, with classes A and B Hsfs being well-characterized and known for their roles in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. The functions and roles of Class C Hsfs are not well-documented. The objectives of this study were to characterize a class C Hsf gene (FaHsfC1b) cloned from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), a perennial grass species, and to determine the physiological functions of FaHsfC1b in regulating heat tolerance by overexpressing FaHsfC1b in Arabidopsis thaliana. Full length cDNA of FaHsfC1b was cloned and the sequence alignment showed that it had high similarity to OsHsfC1b with typical DNA binding domain, hydrophobic oligomerization domain, and a nucleus localization signal. Transient expression with FaHsfC1b-eGFP in protoplasts of Arabidopsis leaves indicated its nucleus localization. qRT-PCR analysis showed that FaHsfC1b responded to heat, osmotic, salt, and cold stress in leaves and roots during 48-h treatment. Physiological analysis showed that FaHsfC1b overexpression enhanced plant survival rate, chlorophyll content, and photochemical efficiency, while it resulted in decreases in electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and O2− content under heat stress. qRT-PCR showed that endogenous HsfC1 was induced in transgenic plants and the expression levels of heat protection protein genes, including several HSPs, AtGalSyn1, AtRof1, and AtHSA32, as well as ABA-synthesizing gene (NCED3) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants overexpressing FaHsfC1b under heat stress. Our results first demonstrate that HsfC1b plays positive roles in plant tolerance to heat stress in association with the induction and upregulation of heat-protective genes. HsfC1b may be used as a candidate gene for genetic modification of cool-season plant species for improving heat tolerance.

P3561Detection and functional characterization of angiotensin receptor type 1 autoantibodies: establishment and clinical translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Boivin ◽  
C Zechmeister ◽  
C Schuetz ◽  
R Jahns ◽  
M J Lohse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Signaling Inhibitors ◽  
H295r Cells

Abstract Circulating AT1R autoantibodies (AT1R-aabs) directed against the ECL2 of the AT1R with agonist-like activity are supposed to play a pathophysiological role in diseases associated with vascular and renal damage, such as preeclampsia and severehypertension (HT), but they are also thought to be involved in heart failure and primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA). Methods High-throughput screening assays aiming at a reliable detection of AT1R-aabs in sera from patients with HT and PHA were established. The agonist-like activity of AT1R-aabs was assessed by changes in intracellular calcium-levels using Fura2-QBT dye; the AlphaLISA Assay was used to assess induction of ERK1/2-phosphorylation in stably transfected AT1R-HEK-cells or in adrenocortical NCI-H295R cells. Results IgG isolated from sera of n=60 patients with PHA and n=164 with HT were screened for their capacity to increase [Ca2+]i or to activate ERK1/2. Sixteen out of 60 PHA-patients increased [Ca2+]i compared to none of the HT-patients, whereas in both disease-entities we detected AT1R-aabs inducing ERK1/2-activation with a similar prevalence (PHA: 41%, HT: 42%), indicating the existence of differentially acting AT1R-aabs. PHA-patients positive for ERK1/2-activating AT1R-aabs have significantly lower serum potassium- (3,8±0,1 vs. 4,1±0,1 mmol/l, p<0,05) and renin-levels (2,7±0,5 vs. 4,5±0,7 ng/l, p<0,05) together with an increased aldosterone concentration (341±37 vs. 236±20 ng/l, p<0,01) concordant with the disease phenotype. Similarly, higher BP values are observed in AT1R-aab positive HT-patients (syst/diast: 148/85 vs. 167/93 mmHg, p<0,0001) accompanied byhigher aldosteroneserum-levels (93±7 vs. 74±3 ng/l, p<0,05). In addition, ERK1/2-activation induced by either angiotensin II or by IgG isolated from patients with PHA or HT could be differentially blocked by the use of various signaling inhibitors. In order to elucidate if stimulating AT1R-aabs could be involved in an over-secretion of aldosterone due to sustained receptor-activation, we investigatedtheir effects on NCI-H295R-cells. At the transcriptional level, AT1R-aabs were able to induce a time-dependent upregulation of the key steroidogenic enzymes involved in aldosterone biosynthesis CYP21A1-, HSD3B2-, CYP11B1-, and in particular CYP11B2-mRNA (2fold over basal), with the maximum level achieved after 8 to 12 hours. Concordant withan agonist-stimulated internalization of AT1R,AT1R-mRNA was downregulated by AT1R-aabs (up to 25% of basal) providing direct evidence of a chronic receptor-stimulation by AT1R-aabs. Conclusion Functional assays based on AT1R-activation (Ca2+ measurements & ERK1/2-phosphorylation) are able to detect AT1R-aabs in 41% or 42% of patients with HT or PHA, respectively. Moreover, our data provide evidence that AT1R-aabs stabilize a specific AT1R-conformation distinct from that induced by angiotensin II thereby triggering a different intracellular signaling pattern resulting in chronic aldosterone production. Acknowledgement/Funding BMBF grant

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