scholarly journals Habitual Routines and Automatic Tendencies Differential Roles in Alcohol Misuse Among Undergraduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Wyckmans ◽  
Armand Chatard ◽  
Mélanie Saeremans ◽  
Charles Kornreich ◽  
Nemat Jaafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Habitual Routines ◽  
The Relationship

There is a debate over whether actions that resist devaluation (i.e., compulsive alcohol consumption) are primarily habit- or goal-directed. The incentive habit account of compulsive actions has received support from behavioral paradigms and brain imaging. In addition, the self-reported Creature of Habit Scale (COHS) has been proposed to capture inter-individual differences in habitual tendencies. It is subdivided into two dimensions: routine and automaticity. We first considered a French version of this questionnaire for validation, based on a sample of 386 undergraduates. The relationship between two dimensions of habit and the risk of substance use disorder and impulsive personality traits was also investigated. COHS has good psychometric properties with both features of habits positively associated with an Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory score. Besides, the propensity to rely more on routines was associated with lower levels of alcohol abuse and nicotine use, suggesting that some degree of routine might act as a protective factor against substance use. In contrast, a high automaticity score was associated with an increased risk of harmful alcohol use. These results demonstrate that the COHS is a valid measure of habitual tendencies and represents a useful tool for capturing inter-individual variations in drug use problems in undergraduates.

What Can Help? Examining Levels of Substance (Non)use as a Protective Factor in the Effect of ACEs on Crime

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Jonathan Intravia ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Although the deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on offending has been established, less is known about the possible protective factors that may buffer this relationship. Using a sample of over 28,000 adjudicated delinquents from a large southern state, the current study investigated the role of substance (non)use on the relationship between ACEs and recidivism and whether these results differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Results illustrate that ACEs increase the likelihood of recidivism among youth who engaged in moderate-to-high substance use. However, this effect was not found among youth who reported little-to-no substance use. Furthermore, these effects were largely consistent across race/ethnicity and sex. Policy implications of this buffering effect are discussed as well as limitations and directions for future research.

Alcohol, other psychoactive substance use disorders, and suicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Tine Maes ◽  
Geert Dom
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioural Addictions

Up to 90% of the individuals who complete suicide meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Specifically, substance use disorders (SUD) are highly prevalent and frequently associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviours. Growing evidence shows that this also counts for behavioural addictions, such as gambling. Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorder, with SUD, increase the risk. Pathways underlying the relationship between substance abuse and suicidality are multifactorial; the short-term effect of intoxication, impulsivity as trait and state, neurobiological consequences of chronic substance abuse, and accumulating adverse life events all contribute. Assessment and management of suicidality within SUD patients are mandatory for suicide prevention. Further, the evidence is growing that treatment of SUD in itself can reduce suicidality risk. Finally, and from a prevention perspective, decreasing substance use on a general population level is associated with decreases of population-level suicidality.

Relationship between alcohol use disorders and suicidality in a psychiatric population

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie McCloud ◽  
Ben Barnaby ◽  
Nicola Omu ◽  
Colin Drummond ◽  
Andy Aboud
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Audit Score ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundAlcohol misuse is a risk factor in suicide and parasuicide.AimsTo measure the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in a cohort of psychiatric admissions using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the relationship between the AUDIT score and suicidality.MethodConsecutive psychiatric admissions were interviewed with a lifestyle survey that included the AUDIT, and admission case notes were reviewed.ResultsOut of 200 subjects, 48.5% scored 8 or more (indicating hazardous or harmful alcohol use) and 22.5% scored 16 or more (indicating significant alcohol dependence) on the AUDIT. There were no significant gender differences. Alcohol misuse was strongly associated with suicidality.ConclusionsThe AUDIT questionnaire should be incorporated into psychiatric assessments when risk of self-harm is being evaluated. Further research is warranted to examine the impact of interventions for alcohol use disorders in psychiatric settings on self-harm and suicidal ideation.

Substance use and the course of early psychosis: a 2-year follow-up of first-admitted subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sorbara ◽  
F. Liraud ◽  
F. Assens ◽  
F. Abalan ◽  
H. Verdoux
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Social Outcome ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of alcohol and substance use on the early course of psychosis.Methods: First-admitted subjects with psychosis (n = 58) were assessed at 6-month intervals over a 2-year follow-up. Information on substance and alcohol misuse and clinical and social outcome was collected using multiple sources of information.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounding factors, subjects with persistent substance misuse over the follow-up were at increased risk of readmission (OR = 3.1; 95%CI = 1.0-9.4; P = 0.05), of presenting with psychotic symptoms (OR = 4.3; 95%CI = 1.0-18.1; P = 0.04), and with a non-continuous course of illness (OR = 11; 95%CI = 1-122; P = 0.05). No significant association was found between substance misuse and social outcome, or between alcohol misuse and clinical and social outcome.ConclusionsPersistent substance misuse after a first admission for psychosis has a deleterious impact on clinical outcome. Early identification and treatment of substance use is essential in the care of subjects with incipient psychosis.

Childhood Maltreatment and Development of Substance Use Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanie Edalati ◽  
Marvin D. Krank
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with increased risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs). CM exerts negative effects on cognitive abilities including intellectual performance, memory, attention, and executive function. Parallel cognitive impairments have been observed in SUDs. Hence, limited studies have examined the mediating effect of cognitive impairments in the relationship between CM and SUDs. In addition, most studies used concurrent self-report assessments in adult populations. Longitudinal studies that investigated the long-term consequences of CM on psychopathology, including SUDs, throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are rare. Thus, the underlying developmental pathways between CM and SUDs are not clearly understood. In this article, we review the evidence that cognitive impairments mediate, at least in part, the relationship between CM and development of SUDs and propose a model that explains how CM increases the risk for SUDs through the development of a cognitive framework of vulnerability.

scholarly journals The Relationship between NAFLD and Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhai ◽  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Jing Miao
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Usual Gait Speed

Aim. Previous studies have shown that individuals with low muscle mass exhibit an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the association between NAFLD and sarcopenia in elderly patients. Methods. We classified the participants into sarcopenia/nonsarcopenia groups based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), muscle strength (grip strength), or/and physical performance (6 m usual gait speed). We diagnosed NAFLD by ultrasonography combined with the history of alcohol intake. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between sarcopenia and NAFLD. Results. NAFLD was significantly less frequent in the sarcopenia group than in the nonsarcopenia group (P<0.01). However, NAFLD was neither an independent risk factor nor a protective factor for sarcopenia. Conclusions. NAFLD is not independently associated with sarcopenia.

scholarly journals The relationship between problem gambling and substance use among American adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Loredana A. Marchica ◽  
Tina Giordano ◽  
William Ivoska ◽  
Jeffrey L Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Gambling Problem ◽  
Problem Gambler ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescence is a developmental period marked by increased engagement in risky behaviors, including substance use and gambling. Previous research has consistently shown an increased risk of problem gambling among people with substance use disorders, however few studies have addressed the differences in problem gambling across the various substance types. Using data from the 2018 Alcohol, Drug Addiction and Mental Health Services (ADAMHS) Board/Wood County Educational Service Center Survey on Alcohol and Other Drug Use among junior high and high school adolescents in Wood County, Ohio, this study sought to understand the relationship and comorbidity levels between various substances used and problem gambling among American adolescents. Further, the current study aimed to test the effects of substance use on the likelihood of being identified as a problem gambler. Results indicated that individuals at-risk or reporting gambling problems were significantly more likely to regularly smoke marijuana, ingest painkillers, consume alcohol, and engage in binge drinking. Additionally, adolescents who regularly consumed alcohol or painkillers were twice as likely to be identified as being at-risk for a gambling problem. This study sheds light on the importance of assessing for comorbid addictive disorders in order to optimize treatment options for adolescents.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Substance Use and Allostatic Load in a Treatment/Research Cohort and in a US Probability Sample (NHANES 2009–2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Rogers ◽  
David H. Epstein ◽  
Karran Phillips ◽  
Justin C. Strickland ◽  
Kenzie L. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cumulative Strain ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
The Relationship

Allostatic load, an operationalization for cumulative strain on physiology from adaptation (allostasis) to stress over a lifetime, can manifest as damage to cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and metabolic systems. The concept of allostatic load may be particularly useful in research on substance-use disorders (SUDs) because SUD researchers have sought to better understand the relationship between chronic stressors and drug use. Theoretical models hold that SUDs can be conceptualized as a spiral toward a state of persistent allostasis (i.e., allostasis so persistent as to represent homeostasis at a new, unhealthy set point). Regardless of the extent to which those models are accurate, increased allostatic load could be a mechanism by which frequent drug administration increases risk for adverse outcomes. We conducted two secondary analyses to evaluate allostatic load in the context of drug use, including alcohol use, in a locally recruited sample with a high proportion of illicit substance use (N = 752) and in a nationally representative sample from the NHANES 2009–2016. We hypothesized that after controlling for age and other potential confounds, people with longer histories of drug use would have higher allostatic-load scores. Multiple regression was used to predict allostatic load from participants' drug-use histories while controlling for known confounds. In the locally recruited sample, we found that longer lifetime use of cocaine or opioids was related to increased allostatic load. In NHANES 2009–2016, we found few or no such associations. Lengthy histories of problematic non-medical substance use may facilitate more rapid increases in allostatic load than aging alone, and, together with findings from previous investigations, this finding suggests increased risk for chronic disease.

Age of Substance Use Initiation and Sexual Violence Victimization among Female Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-847
Author(s):  
Maureen Muchimba
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior Survey ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Substance Use Initiation

Objective: In this study, I examined the association between age of substance use initiation and sexual violence (SV) among adolescent girls. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and the sample included 7526 girls. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between age of initiation of alcohol use, marijuana use and cigarette smoking, and SV, assessed by forced sexual intercourse and experiencing SV. Results: A dose-response association was observed between age of substance use initiation and SV. Across all 3 substance use variables and for both SV outcomes, those who initiated substance use before age 15 were more likely to experience SV than those who initiated at or after age 15, who, in turn, had a higher likelihood of experiencing SV than those who had never initiated substance use. Conclusion: Early initiation of substance use may be a meaningful marker of risk for SV victimization in later adolescence. SV prevention programs could use early initiation of substance use to identify adolescents who are at increased risk for SV and provide them with targeted interventions. To be more effective, primary prevention of SV may need to begin targeting substance use in early adolescence.

Comorbidity and Personality in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley S. Hart ◽  
Martha A. Niemiec
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Rejection Sensitivity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Relationship

Comorbidity is common in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and substance use disorders are the most frequently co-occurring Axis I conditions. Except for eating disorders (more common in women) and substance use disorders (more common in men), Axis I comorbidity rates in BDD appear similar across genders. Axis I comorbidity is associated with greater functional impairment and morbidity. Rates of comorbid personality disorders in BDD are high. Disorders from cluster C occur most frequently, with avoidant personality disorder the most common. Associated traits include low self-esteem and high levels of neuroticism, introversion, unassertiveness, social anxiety and inhibition, rejection sensitivity, and perfectionism. Research is needed on the relationship between BDD and psychiatric comorbidity, the causes and consequences of comorbidity in BDD, and the relationship between BDD and associated personality traits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document