scholarly journals Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Elite Spanish Student-Athletes’ Perception of the Dual Career

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Abenza-Cano ◽  
Alejandro Leiva-Arcas ◽  
Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal ◽  
Juan Alfonso García-Roca ◽  
Lourdes Meroño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Career Programs ◽  
Support Tools

The aim of the present research was to assess elite student-athletes’ perception of the dual career during the lockdown caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, compared with a group of elite student-athletes who could develop their dual career under normal conditions. A total of 150 elite athletes who were also undergraduate or postgraduate students self-completed the “Perceptions of dual career student-athletes (ESTPORT)” questionnaire. From them, 78 did it during the mandatory lockdown period due to the state of emergency caused by COVID-19 (COVID-19 group) and 72 completed it in the previous year to Rio 2016 Olympic Games (control group). The COVID-19 group was found to spend a significantly higher number of hours per week studying, while no significant differences were observed between groups in any training time variable. Student-athletes of the COVID-19 group showed better perception of whether their sport career could help them cope with their academic career and better general perception of remote learning and the use of tasks and videoconferencing as learning support tools. A lower percentage of athletes of the COVID-19 group than of the control group wished to continue with their sport career once they finished their studies. To conclude, student-athletes of the COVID-19 group show adaptations with regard to the organization of their studies and the importance they give to them and to the services provided by dual-career programs, compared with student-athletes from an ordinary pre-Olympic year. In general, student-athletes’ perception of the dual career is very positive.

Burnout of the Mind – Burnout of the Body?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Traunmüller ◽  
Kerstin Gaisbachgrabner ◽  
Helmut Karl Lackner ◽  
Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Morning Cortisol ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cortisol Increase

Abstract. In the present paper we investigate whether patients with a clinical diagnosis of burnout show physiological signs of burden across multiple physiological systems referred to as allostatic load (AL). Measures of the sympathetic-adrenergic-medullary (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed. We examined patients who had been diagnosed with burnout by their physicians (n = 32) and were also identified as burnout patients based on their score in the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and compared them with a nonclinical control group (n = 19) with regard to indicators of allostatic load (i.e., ambulatory ECG, nocturnal urinary catecholamines, salivary morning cortisol secretion, blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). Contrary to expectations, a higher AL index suggesting elevated load in several of the parameters of the HPA and SAM axes was found in the control group but not in the burnout group. The control group showed higher norepinephrine values, higher blood pressure, higher WHR, higher sympathovagal balance, and lower percentage of cortisol increase within the first hour after awakening as compared to the patient group. Burnout was not associated with AL. Results seem to indicate a discrepancy between self-reported burnout symptoms and psychobiological load.

Comparison of streptozotocin-induced diabetes at different moments of the life of female rats for translational studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722110018
Author(s):  
Yuri K Sinzato ◽  
Eduardo Klöppel ◽  
Carolina A Miranda ◽  
Verônyca G Paula ◽  
Larissa F Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Term Pregnancy

Animal models are widely used for studying diabetes in translational research. However, methods for induction of diabetes are conflicting with regards to their efficacy, reproducibility and cost. A comparison of outcomes between the diabetic models is still unknown, especially full-term pregnancy.To understand the comparison, we analyzed the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes at three life-different moments during the neonatal period in Sprague–Dawley female rats: at the first (D1), second (D2) and fifth (D5) day of postnatal life. At adulthood (90 days; D90), the animals were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetic status confirmation. The diabetic and control rats were mated and sacrificed at full-term pregnancy for different analyses. Group D1 presented a higher mortality percentage after STZ administration than groups D2 and D5. All diabetic groups presented higher blood glucose levels as compared to those of the control group, while group D5 had higher levels of glycemia compared with other groups during OGTT. The diabetic groups showed impaired reproductive outcomes compared with the control group. Group D1 had lower percentages of mated rats and D5 showed a lower percentage of a full-term pregnancy. Besides that, these two groups also showed the highest percentages of inadequate fetal weight. In summary, although all groups fulfill the diagnosis criteria for diabetes in adult life, in our investigation diabetes induced on D5 presents lower costs and higher efficacy and reproducibility for studies involving diabetes-complicated pregnancy.

scholarly journals The effects of lower-limb wearable resistance on sprint performance in high school American football athletes: A nine-week training study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110034
Author(s):  
Erin H Feser ◽  
Christian Korfist ◽  
Kyle Lindley ◽  
Neil E Bezodis ◽  
Kenneth Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
American Football ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Low Volume

Time constraints often result in the challenge to fit desired programming into training time allotments. Wearable resistance (WR) may be an option to optimise the training content in function of constrained training time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a lower-limb WR sprint running training intervention on athlete speed capabilities following a nine-week off-season, low volume training period within a sample of American football high school athletes. Nineteen athletes completed pre- and post-intervention testing of two maximal effort 30 m sprints. Horizontal force-velocity mechanical profiling variables, sprint times, and maximal velocity were calculated from sprint running velocity data collected by a radar device. The athletes completed seventeen dedicated sprint training sessions during the off-season. The intervention (WR) group completed the sessions with 1% body mass load attached to the shanks (i.e. 0.50% body mass load on each limb). The control group completed the same training sessions unloaded. Post-intervention, no statistically significant between group differences were observed ( p > 0.05). However, athletes in both groups experienced increases in velocity measures following the sprint training. The greater adjusted mean theoretical maximal velocity scores ( p > 0.05; ES = 0.30) found for the WR group compared to the control group at post-intervention may suggest that WR amplifies the nuances of the training protocol itself. Coaches can consider using lower-limb WR training to increase in-session workloads during periods of low volume training but more research is needed to better understand to what extent WR training might provide an added value to optimise both the training content and planning, as well as the athlete’s training response in order to improve sprint running performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

scholarly journals Nursing consultation protocol for patients after myocardial revascularization: influence on anxiety and depression

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Elisângela Teixeira Lima ◽  
Thelma Leite de Araújo ◽  
Edilma Casimiro Gomes Serafim ◽  
Ires Lopes Custódio
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hospital Anxiety

The objective was to evaluate the influence of the Nursing Consultation Protocol in aspects of anxiety and depression in patients after myocardial revascularization using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD). A randomized clinical trial developed in the outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Fortaleza-Ceará. One hundred and forty six patients, who underwent myocardial revascularization, composed the population, providing the sample of 39 patients in the control group (CG) and 39 in the intervention group (IG). The results were presented in tables. Anxiety had a mean of 5.41 in the CG and a median of 5 and a mean in the IG of 5.21 and a median of 4. Depression predominated in the CG, with a mean 4.82 and a median of 4, while the IG had a mean of 3.79 and a median of 3. It was found that people monitored in accordance with the Nursing Consultation Protocol had a lower percentage of anxiety and depression after six months.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE MYOCARDIUM OF FEMALE LDL KNOCKOUT OVARIECTOMIZED MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
Ledimar Brianezi ◽  
Mara Rubia Marques ◽  
Clever Gomes Cardoso ◽  
Maria Luiza de Jesus Miranda ◽  
Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction: The emergence of coronary heart disease increases with menopause, physical inactivity and with dyslipidemia. It is known that physical training promotes the improvement of cardiovascular functions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on the left ventricle in female LDL knockout ovariectomized mice. Methods: Thirty animals were divided into 6 groups (n=5), namely, sedentary non-ovariectomized control; sedentary ovariectomized control; trained ovariectomized control; sedentary non-ovariectomized; sedentary ovariectomized; and trained ovariectomized. We analyzed the mean nuclear volume parameters, the cross sectional area of the myocytes, the apparent density of the capillaries, interstitium, myocytes and collagen fibers. Results: The results show that for the density of the number of nuclei, the physical activity decreased to values close to the ovariectomized control group. Regarding the mean nuclear volume and the average area of myocytes, training and ovariectomy promoted the elevation of these values but hypercholesterolemia was lower. the volume density of myocytes, hypercholesterolemia showed an increase of these values as well as the training. There was no change in the volumetric density of the capillaries and the density of collagen fibers. The training caused the decrease in the density of the interstitial volume, and the hypercholesterolemia changed to a smaller one than the control group. Conclusion: We concluded that the moderate aerobic activity or the training time used in our study were not sufficient to generate significant alterations in the hypercholesterolemic group.

scholarly journals Back Pain and Body Posture of Non-Professional Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sędek ◽  
Aleksandra Truszczyńska-Baszak ◽  
Katarzyna Cygańska Anna ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Oswestry Disability Index ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Thoracolumbar Junction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Pain Location ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of back pain in non-professional Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes, and to assess the relationship between their back pain and postural disorders. Methods The study involved 61 subjects: 31 subjects who trained Brazilian jiu-jitsu and 30 subjects who had never trained any martial arts. The mean BJJ training time in the study population was 3.89 ± 4.13 years. The athletes’ trained 4.06 ± 2.8 times a week and took 1.5 hours. Postural assessments were conducted with the use of the photogrammetric method. The assessment of back pain and injuries was conducted with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and with our proprietary questionnaire. Results Among both populations, 37 subjects reported back pain − 22 athletes (71.0%) and 15 controls (50%) (p = 0,094). There were no differences in back pain location between the two groups (p > 0.05) or in functional state on the Oswestry Index (21.5% in the study population and 20% in the control group, p = 0.121). We observed significant differences between the groups in the values of four of the postural parameters. For each of these four parameters, parameter values were higher in the study population: DCK-spinal height from C1 to S1 (474.8 ± 25.4 vs 447.1 ± 25.9, p = 0.001); RKP-length of kyphosis between C7 and thoracolumbar junction (321.9 ± 15.2 vs 307.3 ± 22.2, p = 0.010); RLL-length of lordosis between S1 and thoracolumbar junction (152.9 ± 18.2 vs. 139.8 ± 17.6, p = 0.009) and KNM-pelvis inclination angle (2.24 ± 1.18 vs. 1.64 ± 1.34, p = 0.041). We found statistically significant differences in the study population between the athletes with and without back pain. These differences were found in the following parameters: RKP-length from C7 to peak of kyphosis (p = 0.01) and TT-difference between height of the waist triangles (p = 0.018). Conclusions There are no differences in back pain in regard to its frequency, intensity and location between non-professional BJJ athletes and subjects who do not train BJJ. Both in the study population and in the control group the spinal pain was minimal or moderate on the Oswestry Disability Index. BJJ athletes who reported back pain had characteristic postural changes in some of the analysed postural parameters in comparison to BJJ athletes who did not report back pain.

scholarly journals Effect of Pegbovigrastim on Hematological Profile of Simmental Dairy Cows during the Transition Period

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Trimboli ◽  
Valeria Maria Morittu ◽  
Antonio Di Loria ◽  
Andrea Minuti ◽  
Antonella Anna Spina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Hematological Profile ◽  
First Time

Pegbovigrastim is a long-acting analog of recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, that promotes and increases the count and functionality of polymorphonuclear cells in dairy cows. The present study aimed to explore, for the first time in Simmental cows, the clinical and hematological effect of pegbovigrastim during the transition period (TP). Cows were randomly assigned into two groups: treated group (PEG; n = 16) received pegbovigrastim at approximately 7 days before expected parturition and within 6 h after calving, and control group (CTR; n = 16) received saline solution. Blood samples were obtained at −7, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days relative to calving. PEG group showed white blood cells (WBC) count consistently higher compared with CTR group (p < 0.001) until to 3 weeks after calving. Neutrophils remained higher in PEG group (p < 0.001) up to three weeks after calving, compared with CTR group, with slight increment of band cells. Moreover, PEG group displayed a lower index of myeloperoxidase at 1, 3, and 7 days after calving (p < 0.01) compared with CTR. Basophils and lymphocytes showed a similar trend to those observed for neutrophils at 1 day after calving in PEG group. Finally, monocytes remained markedly elevated until 3 days after calving in PEG compared to CTR group (p < 0.001), whereas in PEG group, eosinophils population showed lower percentage values at 1 and 3 days after calving but higher values at 30 days compared with CTR group. PEG group was characterized by lower red blood cells (RBCs) count compared with CTR group (p < 0.05) and higher % of red cell volume distribution width (RDW) from week 2 and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at 30 days after calving. In addition, the mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly higher in PEG group at calving, 1, 3, and 7 days after calving compared with CTR group (p < 0.05). For the first time, we described the effect of pegbovigrastim in a breed not specialized exclusively in milk production as Holstein, but with dual purpose (meat and milk), evaluating the complete hematological profile in cows during the transition period. These results provide evidence on the proliferative effect of pegbovigrastim on WBC in Simmental breed highlighting its possible side effect on RBCs.

Spanish female student-athletes’ perception of key competencies for successful dual career adjustment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Perez-Rivases ◽  
Juan Pons ◽  
Susana Regüela ◽  
Carme Viladrich ◽  
Susana Pallarès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
Career Adjustment

scholarly journals Th17 Cells and IL-17 As Novel Immune Targets in Ovarian Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bilska ◽  
Anna Pawłowska ◽  
Ewelina Zakrzewska ◽  
Agata Chudzik ◽  
Dorota Suszczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intracellular Expression ◽  
Benign Ovarian Tumors

Ovarian cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is related with poor prognosis. Despite numerous studies, the pathogenesis of OC is still unknown. Recent studies indicate the role of the immune system in the development and spread of OC. The identification of factors and mechanisms involved in that process and their modulation is crucial for creating effective antitumor therapy. We investigated the potential role of Th17 cells in OC patients (n = 71) by analyzing the frequencies of Th17 cells in three different environments, i.e., peripheral blood (PB), peritoneal fluid (PF), and tissue (Th17 infiltrating cells), and the concentration of IL-17A in plasma and PF of patients in terms of their clinical and prognostic significance. Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry as a percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes that expressed intracellular expression of IL-17A. The level of IL-17A in plasma and PF were determined by ELISA. Our results showed accumulation of Th17 cells among tumor-infiltrating CD4+ lymphocytes (p<0.001 in relation to PB). Moreover, the percentage of Th17 cells in both PB and PF of OC patients was significantly lower than that in benign tumors group (n = 35). There were no significant differences in the percentage of Th17 cells in PB, PF, and tissue in relation to clinicopathological characteristics of OC patients and survival. The lower percentage of Th17 cells in the PB and PF of OC patients may promote evasion of host immune response by cancer cells. The concentration of IL-17A in plasma of OC patients was higher (p<0.0001) than that in both benign tumors and control group (n = 10). The PF IL-17A level in OC patients was higher (p<0.0001) than that in women with benign ovarian tumors, indicating its synthesis in OC microenvironment. Higher IL-17A level in PF is correlated with longer (median: 36.5 vs. 27 months) survival of OC patients.

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