scholarly journals The Intentional Selection Assumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Colantonio ◽  
Kelley Durkin ◽  
Leyla Roksan Caglar ◽  
Patrick Shafto ◽  
Elizabeth Bonawitz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Concept Learning ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Social Agent

There exists a rich literature describing how social context influences decision making. Here, we propose a novel framing of social influences, the Intentional Selection Assumption. This framework proposes that, when a person is presented with a set of options by another social agent, people may treat the set of options as intentionally selected, reflecting the chooser's inferences about the presenter and the presenter's goals. To describe our proposal, we draw analogies to the cognition literature on sampling inferences within concept learning. This is done to highlight how the Intentional Selection Assumption accounts for both normative (e.g., comparing perceived utilities) and subjective (e.g., consideration of context relevance) principles in decision making, while also highlighting how analogous findings in the concept learning literature can aid in bridging these principles by drawing attention to the importance of potential sampling assumptions within decision making paradigms. We present the two behavioral experiments that provide support to this proposal and find that social-contextual cues influence choice behavior with respect to the induction of sampling assumptions. We then discuss a theoretical framework of the Intentional Selection Assumption alongside the possibility of its potential relationships to contemporary models of choice. Overall, our results emphasize the flexibility of decision makers with respect to social-contextual factors without sacrificing systematicity regarding the preference for specific options with a higher value or utility.

scholarly journals Weaving the Knowledge Capabilities and Supply Chain Management Skills into the Fabric of Supply Chain Decision Makers: Coexist of Coping Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-378
Author(s):  
Lay Kheng Khor ◽  
Cheng Ling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
Challenging Situation

The recent global outbreak of COVID-19 has created a huge global crisis, breaking down many global supply chains. Decision makers in the supply chain are faced with very challenging situation as the application of supply chain resilience mechanisms are questionable and unreliable during the post pandemic. Hence, leaving them to continue learning new ways to cope, adapt and mitigate the risk to navigate through the uncertainties. This imply that knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies of decision makers have become the centre stage for organizations' survival and sustainability.The purpose of this paper is to identify the key factors that influence decision making competency in the supply chain of the Malaysian manufacturing firms. This is a conceptual paper focusing on developing a theoretical framework through the integration of the behavioural decisional theory and competency model. The theoretical framework with respect to the construct of decision making competency are elaborated. This paper hopes to provide a valuable pragmatic framework and roadmap for managerial decision-making in the context of supply chain. By understanding the supply chain decision-making in operations, this can help to contribute to de-risking of supply chain beyond the usual risk response into the proactive reduction of risks for future supply chain sustainability.

Statistical Mechanics of Reward-Modulated Learning in Decision-Making Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Katahira ◽  
Kazuo Okanoya ◽  
Masato Okada
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Matching Law ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Behavioral Experiments

The neural substrates of decision making have been intensively studied using experimental and computational approaches. Alternative-choice tasks accompanying reinforcement have often been employed in investigations into decision making. Choice behavior has been empirically found in many experiments to follow Herrnstein's matching law. A number of theoretical studies have been done on explaining the mechanisms responsible for matching behavior. Various learning rules have been proved in these studies to achieve matching behavior as a steady state of learning processes. The models in the studies have consisted of a few parameters. However, a large number of neurons and synapses are expected to participate in decision making in the brain. We investigated learning behavior in simple but large-scale decision-making networks. We considered the covariance learning rule, which has been demonstrated to achieve matching behavior as a steady state (Loewenstein & Seung, 2006 ). We analyzed model behavior in a thermodynamic limit where the number of plastic synapses went to infinity. By means of techniques of the statistical mechanics, we can derive deterministic differential equations in this limit for the order parameters, which allow an exact calculation of the evolution of choice behavior. As a result, we found that matching behavior cannot be a steady state of learning when the fluctuations in input from individual sensory neurons are so large that they affect the net input to value-encoding neurons. This situation naturally arises when the synaptic strength is sufficiently strong and the excitatory input and the inhibitory input to the value-encoding neurons are balanced. The deviation from matching behavior is caused by increasing variance in the input potential due to the diffusion of synaptic efficacies. This effect causes an undermatching phenomenon, which has been often observed in behavioral experiments.

Contextualization in Decision Making and Decision Support

2011 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Patrick Brézillon ◽  
Jean-Charles Pomerol
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Moment

Decision makers face a very large number of heterogeneous contextual cues; some of these pieces are always relevant (time period, unpredicted event, etc.), but others are only used in some cases (an accompanying person in the car, etc.). Actors then must deal with a set of heterogeneous and incomplete information on the problem-solving state to make their decisions. As a consequence, a variety of strategies are observed, including those involving an actor to another one, but also for the same actor according to the moment. It is not obvious how to get a comprehensive view of the mental representations at work in a person’s brain during many human tasks, and the argumentation rather than the explicit decision proposal is crucial (Forslund, 1995): It is better to store advantages and disadvantages rather than the final decisions for representing decision making.

Capturing the essence of decision making should not be oversimplified

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Ewa Joanna Godzińska ◽  
Andrzej Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Human Choice ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Social Decision Making

AbstractBentley et al. propose a thought-provoking approach to the question of causal factors underlying human choice behavior. Their map model is interesting, but too simplified to capture the essence of decision making. They disregard, among other matters, qualitative differences between various subcategories of social influences, and the role of neurobiological factors engaged in interdependent individual and social decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Decision-makers use social information to update their preferences—but choose for others as they do for themselves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Michael ◽  
Alina Gutoreva ◽  
Huixian Michele Lee ◽  
Peng Ning Tan ◽  
Eleanor M. Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risky Decisions

People’s risky decisions can be highly influenced by the social context in which they take place. Across three experiments we investigated the influence of three social factors upon participants’ decisions: the recipient of the decision-making outcome (self, other, or joint), the nature of the relationship with the other agent (friend, stranger, or teammate), and the type of information that participants received about others’ preferences: none at all, information about how previous participants had decided, or information about a partner’s preference. We found that participants’ decisions about risk did not differ according to whether the outcome at stake was their own, another agent’s, or a joint outcome, nor according to the type of information available. Participants were, however, willing to adjust their preferences for risky options in light of social information.

Decision making based on intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations with additive approximate consistency

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4041-4058
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Real Interval ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Fuzzy Weights ◽  
Fuzzy Preference

Intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) have the natural ability to reflect the positive, the negative and the non-determinative judgements of decision makers. A decision making model is proposed by considering the inherent property of IFPRs in this study, where the main novelty comes with the introduction of the concept of additive approximate consistency. First, the consistency definitions of IFPRs are reviewed and the underlying ideas are analyzed. Second, by considering the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of decision makers’ opinions, the novel concept of approximate consistency for IFPRs is proposed. Then the additive approximate consistency of IFPRs is defined and the properties are studied. Third, the priorities of alternatives are derived from IFPRs with additive approximate consistency by considering the effects of the permutations of alternatives and the allocation of the non-determinacy degree. The rankings of alternatives based on real, interval and intuitionistic fuzzy weights are investigated, respectively. Finally, some comparisons are reported by carrying out numerical examples to show the novelty and advantage of the proposed model. It is found that the proposed model can offer various decision schemes due to the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of IFPRs.

strategi dalam pengambilan keputusan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suci Handayani Handayani ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Information Time ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
General Individuals

Decision making is one element of economic value, especially in the era of globalization, and if it is not acceptable in the decision making process, we will be left behind. According to Robins, (2003: 173), Salusu, (2000: 47), and Razik and Swanson, (1995: 476) say that decision making can be interpreted as a process of choosing a number of alternatives, how to act in accordance with concepts, or rules in solving problems to achieve individual or group goals that have been formulated using a number of specific techniques, approaches and methods and achieve optimal levels of acceptance.Decision making in organizations whether a decision is made for a person or group, the nature of the decision is often determined by rules, policies, prescribed, instructions that have been derived or practices that apply. To understand decision making within the organization it is useful to view decision making as part of the overall administrative process. In general, individuals tend to use simple strategies, even if in any complex matter, to get the desired solution, because the solution is limited by imperfect information, time and costs, limited thinking and psychological stress experienced by decision makers.

A Soft Hierarchical Process Approach for Decision Making in A Supply Chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Dhingra ◽  
Preetvanti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Supplier Selection Problem ◽  
Selection Of

Decision problems are usually complex and involve evaluation of several conflicting criteria (parameters). Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a promising field that considers the parallel influence of all criteria and aims at helping decision makers in expressing their preferences, over a set of predefined alternatives, on the basis of criteria (parameters) that are contradictory in nature. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a useful and widespread MCDM tool for solving such type of problems, as it allows the incorporation of conflicting objectives and decision makers preferences in the decision making. The AHP utilizes the concept of pair wise comparison to find the order of criteria (parameters) and alternatives. The comparison in a pairwise manner becomes quite tedious and complex for problems having eight alternatives or more, thereby, limiting the application of AHP. This paper presents a soft hierarchical process approach based on soft set decision making which eliminates the least promising candidate alternatives and selects the optimum(potential) ones that results in the significant reduction in the number of pairwise comparisons necessary for the selection of the best alternative using AHP, giving the approach a more realistic view. A supplier selection problem is used to illustrate the proposed approach.

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