scholarly journals An Analysis of the Generalizability and Stability of the Halo Effect During the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Gabrieli ◽  
Albert Lee ◽  
Peipei Setoh ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The influence on the global evaluation of a person based on the perception of a single trait is a phenomenon widely investigated in social psychology. Widely regarded as Halo effect, this phenomenon has been studied for more than 100 years now, and findings such as the relationship between aesthetic perception and other personality traits—such as competence and trustworthiness—have since been uncovered. Trustworthiness plays an especially crucial role in individuals' social interactions. Despite the large body of literature published on the Halo effect, and especially on the relationship between aesthetic appearance and perceived trustworthiness, little is known about the overall generalizability of the effect, as almost all of the studies have been conducted on adult participants from Western countries. Moreover, little is known about the stability of the effect over time, in the event of major destabilization, such as the outbreak of a pandemic. In this work, the cross-cultural generalizability of the Halo effect is investigated before and during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of the generalizability and stability over time of the Halo effect is presented. Participants (N = 380, N = 145 Asians, N = 235 Caucasians) have been asked to rate the aesthetic appearance and perceived trustworthiness of a set of human faces of different ages, gender, and ethnicity. Result of our analysis demonstrated that the Halo effect (Aesthetic × trustworthiness) is influenced by the age of presented faces, but not by their gender or ethnicity. Moreover, our results show that the strength of the effect can be affected by external events and that the volatility is higher for adults' than children's faces.

scholarly journals Influences of Social Distancing and attachment styles on the strength of the Halo Effect

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256364
Author(s):  
Giulio Gabrieli ◽  
Yun Yee Lim ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

The Halo Effect is a widely studied phenomenon that interests multiple disciplines. The relationship between Aesthetics Appearance and perceived Trustworthiness has especially gathered the attention of social scientists. While experimental works compared the strength of the Halo Effect in different situations (e.g. different genders’ faces), little is known about the stability of the Halo. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been urged to distance ourselves from others. Similar suggestions may alter the relationship between Aesthetic Appearance and Perceived Trustworthiness. Moreover, previous works reported that individuals’ attachment styles affected their emotional responses to the pandemic. Individuals’ attachment styles may influence the magnitude of change of the Halo. Here we investigate how priming (Social Distancing or Contact with others) affects the strength of the Halo Effect, with respect to individuals’ attachment styles. Participants (N = 298) rated the Aesthetics and Perceived Trustworthiness of strangers’ faces (N = 96) presented twice, before and after the presentation of a prime. Results revealed that individuals’ attachment styles affect the strength of the Halo. However, we found no evidence supporting the fact that different attachment styles lead to differences in the magnitude of changes after priming. Results help shed light on how attachment styles influence individuals’ impression formation.

Endoscopic Brow Lift Without Muscle Resection: Objective and Subjective Changes in Intereyebrow Width

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Brian A. Hollabaugh ◽  
Jon Perenack ◽  
Brian J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Brow Lift ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Endoscopic Brow Lift ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the objective and subjective changes in medial intereyebrow distance following endoscopic brow lift without corrugator resection. The authors designed a retrospective cohort study. The eligible patients included those receiving endoscopic brow lifts at Williamson Cosmetic Center in Baton Rouge, LA between June 1, 2014 and March 31, 2018. The primary outcome variable was the distance between the left and right medial brow. The secondary outcome variables were nonsurgeon evaluator’s perception of the change in intereyebrow distance and the aesthetics of the intereyebrow region. The relationship of the outcome variables to the primary predictor (time point—preoperative and postoperative) was analyzed using paired sample t-tests. The relationship of the outcome variables to the other predictors was analyzed using Pearson correlations. A P-value of less than .05 was considered significant. A total of 41 patients were included in the study. The average age was 55.3 ± 8.5 years and all patients were women. The average time from surgery to postoperative photos was 6.2 ± 3.2 (range: 3-15) months. The average preoperative intereyebrow width was 31.5 mm, and the average postoperative width was 33.1 mm ( P < .0001). Correct perception of the intereyebrow change was found to be positively correlated with increasing patient age ( P = .047) and increasing change in intereyebrow width ( P = .008). The intereyebrow distance was perceived as aesthetic for 73.4% ± 31.0% of preoperative patients and 76.1% ± 27.6% of postoperative patients ( P = .346). Patients with a preoperative intereyebrow distance perceived as aesthetic are very likely to be perceived as aesthetic postoperatively (correlation coefficient 0.817, P-value < .0001). Following endoscopic brow lift without corrugator muscle resection, there is a small, but statistically significant increase in the intereyebrow distance. However, this change was not associated with negative perception of the aesthetic appearance of the intereyebrow region.

scholarly journals Deconstructing the Local: The Aesthetic Space and Geographic Place of Oskar Morawetz's String Quartet no. 5 "A Tribute to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" (1991)

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedemann Sallis
Keyword(s):  
String Quartet ◽  
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Western Music ◽  
National Music ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The oppositional notions of centre and periphery, mainstream and margin, and universal and local have long been important criteria for the scholarly study of Western music. Indeed they are often taken for granted. This paper will take a critical look at the relationship obtaining between art music the notion of a national music. The object of study is taken from among the works of the Canadian composer (of Czech origin) Oskar Morawetz. The point is not to deny that music can be legitimately associated with a given place but rather to examine how these complex, problematic relationships are created and how they evolve and/or dissolve over time.

Indicators and Preferences of Facial Profile and Aesthetic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah I. Bin Muharib
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Aesthetic

For a successful orthodontic treatment, it is crucial to examine the patient in both frontal and lateral views. Evaluation of the skeletal pattern and softs tissues including nasolabial angle, anteroposterior lip position, labiomental angle, and Lip-chin-submental plane angle must all be considered. Facial profile greatly affects the aesthetic appearance of the patients, however, not every person has the same aesthetic perception. This review aims to point out the indicators of facial profile and the perception of facial profile attractiveness among the different populations. Many studies have evaluated the preferences of facial profile, some of them agreed as a straight profile with normally positioned lips was the most favored, but some differences were noted between orthodontists and laypeople in the perception of the facial profile. Laypeople found a slightly retruded mandible or protruded mandible was found aesthetically pleasing for some populations. Therefore, it is important to involve the patient in treatment planning and decision-making.

Conceptualisations of ugly and beautiful

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmineh Tayebi
Keyword(s):  
Moral Order ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evaluative Terms ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The aim of this paper is to study conceptualisations of two Persian evaluative terms, namely zesht (ugly) and zibâ (beautiful), by focusing on their use at the metapragmatic level in evaluations of im/polite act. To achieve this aim, by drawing on natural and authentic examples from Persian speakers, the relationship between the use of the metapragmatic markers zesht and zibâ and the im/polite (non)linguistic act is addressed and the types of im/polite behaviours that licence the use of these metapragmatic markers is further explored. It will also be argued that conceptualisations of im/politeness seem to be expressed predominantly in terms of aesthetic terms which are situationally constructed and are morally informed. The examples reveal that the use of the aesthetic markers as metapragmatic markers originates from a set of cultural conceptualisations, which are part of the moral order, and in fact, shape and are, over time, shaped by the norms of im/politeness that exist at multiple levels of society. These socially and culturally shared conceptualisations greatly influence the practices by which judgments and evaluations of impoliteness arises in different types of interaction.

scholarly journals Skeletal Deformity in Patients With Unilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis: Perceptions of the General Public

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Emilie Robertson ◽  
Peter Kwan ◽  
Gorman Louie ◽  
Pierre Boulanger ◽  
Daniel Aalto
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Skeletal Deformity ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Skull Deformity ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship

Study Design: A two-alternative forced choice design was used to gather perceptual data regarding unicoronal synostosis (UCS). Objective: Cranial vault remodeling aims at improving the aesthetic appearance of infants with UCS by reshaping the forehead and reducing the potential for psychosocial discrimination. People's perception of craniofacial deformity plays a role in the stigma of deformity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between objective skull deformity in UCS patients and laypersons’ perception of skull normality. Methods: Forty layperson skull raters were recruited from the general public. Skull raters were asked to categorize 45 infant skull images as normal or abnormal. Twenty-one of the images were UCS skulls, and 24 were normal skulls. Skulls were displayed briefly on a computer to simulate a first impression scenario and generate a perceptual response. A χ 2 analysis and mixed-effects regression model were used to analyze the response data. Results: Members of the general public were good at distinguishing between skull groups, χ 2 (1) = 281.97, P < .001. In addition, skull raters’ responses were predicted by the severity of deformity in the UCS skulls ( b = −0.10, z = −2.6, P = .010, CI: −0.18, −0.02). A skull with a deformity value of 2.8 mm (CI: 1.8, 4.1) was equally likely to be rated normal or abnormal. Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate the relationship between objective skull deformity in UCS and public perception. Laypersons were good at distinguishing the difference between normal and UCS skulls, and their perceptions of normality were predicted by the degree of skull deformity.

NO SECOND CHANCE FOR A FIRST IMPRESSION: THE ROLE OF AESTHETICS IN EARLY ACCESS VIDEO GAMES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER SCHLÜTER ◽  
MATTHIAS WALDKIRCH ◽  
KATRIN BURMEISTER-LAMP ◽  
JAN AUERNHAMMER
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Early Access ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Chance ◽  
Over Time

This paper investigates the impact of aesthetics in early game development based on a quantitative of 367 early access games. We identified the relationship between aesthetic perception in early video games reflected in the user reviews, comments, and subsequent positive and negative video game recommendations over time. We find that customer co-creation in product innovation is increasingly negative feedback over time when the game’s aesthetic early impression is perceived as negative. The implications for innovation management are that aesthetics design impacts the response to customer-ready prototypes. Managers should take the aesthetic design and user perception in early development into account and not delay the attention to aesthetics to a later product release stage.

scholarly journals Interpretation Bias and Anxiety in Childhood: Stability, Specificity and Longitudinal Associations

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Creswell ◽  
Thomas G. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Background: Biases in the interpretation of ambiguous material are central to cognitive models of anxiety; however, understanding of the association between interpretation and anxiety in childhood is limited. To address this, a prospective investigation of the stability and specificity of anxious cognitions and anxiety and the relationship between these factors was conducted. Method: Sixty-five children (10–11 years) from a community sample completed measures of self-reported anxiety, depression, and conduct problems, and responded to ambiguous stories at three time points over one-year. Results: Individual differences in biases in interpretation of ambiguity (specifically “anticipated distress” and “threat interpretation”) were stable over time. Furthermore, anticipated distress and threat interpretation were specifically associated with anxiety symptoms. Distress anticipation predicted change in anxiety symptoms over time. In contrast, anxiety scores predicted change in threat interpretation over time. Conclusions: The results suggest that different cognitive constructs may show different longitudinal links with anxiety. These preliminary findings extend research and theory on anxious cognitions and their link with anxiety in children, and suggest that these cognitive processes may be valuable targets for assessment and intervention.

scholarly journals CHANGES - DAILY REALITY AND NECESSITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1311
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gonovski ◽  
Sandra Gonovska
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
The People ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Changes are constantly present among us. The changes are a daily occurrence no matter in which area of life. They are something that moves humankind and causes its development. However, not all have the same attitude towards the changes. Some people look forward to, others avoid them, some joy to them, others avoid to them, some fear into them, while others rejoice changes, some see opportunity in them, some see danger from them. Whatever is the relationship of individuals to change, everyone must face them someday. The change management has no formal structure, a pre-prepared plan, but it takes place spontaneously and the reactions occur in a single place. He is an unpredictable process. The change management plan is designed to cause changes to: - Processes - Organizational structure - The people - Strategies All undertaken activities for implementing the changes ultimately reflect the above categories. In addition, the changes can also can be divided into episodic vs continuous change. Another dividing is a divide of Continuous Organizational changes in two scales: radical - incremental and core - peripheral. A common reaction to almost all people of change is fear. Fear of the unknown cause’s people initially resists resistance. However, over time and after undertaking certain activities, the changes are accepted as a necessity.

scholarly journals A large-scale survey on finger counting routines, their temporal stability and flexibility in educated adults

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Hohol ◽  
Kinga Wołoszyn ◽  
Hans-Christoph Nuerk ◽  
Krzysztof Cipora
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Finger Counting ◽  
Bodily Activity ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stability Of Preferences ◽  
Over Time

A strong link between bodily activity and number processing has been established in recent years. Although numerous observations indicate that adults use finger counting (FC) in various contexts of everyday life for different purposes, existing knowledge of FC routines and their use is still limited. In particular, it remains unknown how stable the (default) FC habits are over time and how flexible they can be. To investigate these questions, 380 Polish participants completed a questionnaire on their FC routines, the stability of these routines, and the context of FC usage, preceded by the request to count on their fingers from 1 to 10. Next, the test–retest stability of FC habits was examined in 84 participants 2 months following the first session. To the best of our knowledge, such a study design has been adopted for the first time. The results indicate that default FC routines of the majority of participants (75%) are relatively stable over time. At the same time, FC routines can flexibly adapt according to the situation (e.g., when holding an object). As regards prevalence, almost all participants, in line with previous findings on Western individuals, declared starting from the closed palm and extending consecutive fingers. Furthermore, we observed relations between FC preferences and handedness (more left-handers start from the left hand) and that actual finger use is still widespread in healthy adults for a variety of activities (the most prevalent uses of FC are listing elements, presenting arguments and plans, and calendar calculations). In sum, the results show the practical relevance of FC in adulthood, the relative stability of preferences over time along with flexible adaptation to a current situation, as well as an association of FC routines with handedness. Taken together our results suggest that FC is the phenomenon, which is moderated or mediated by multiple embodied factors.

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