scholarly journals How and Why Patient Concerns Influence Pain Reporting: A Qualitative Analysis of Personal Accounts and Perceptions of Others’ Use of Numerical Pain Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Boring ◽  
Kaitlyn T. Walsh ◽  
Namrata Nanavaty ◽  
Brandon W. Ng ◽  
Vani A. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Pain Scale ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Clinical Pain ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Pain Reporting ◽  
Pain Reports ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Personal Ethics ◽  
Patient Concerns

Complex factors influence how people report and interpret numerical pain ratings. Such variability can introduce noise and systematic bias into clinical pain assessment. Identification of factors that influence self-rated pain and its interpretation by others may bolster utility of these scales. In this qualitative study, 338 participants described motivations for modulating their own pain reports relative to a numerical pain scale (0–10), as well as perceptions of others’ pain reporting modulation. Responses indicated that people over-report pain to enhance provider belief/responsiveness or the likelihood of pain relief, and out of fear of future pain or potential illness. Concerns of how one’s pain affects and is perceived by others, and financial concerns motivated pain under-reporting. Unprompted, many participants reported never modulating their pain ratings, citing trust in providers and personal ethics. Similar reasons were assumed to motivate others’ pain ratings. However, participants often attributed others’ over-reporting to internal causes, and their own to external. This bias may underlie common assumptions that patients over-report pain for nefarious reasons, distort interpretation of pain reports, and contribute to pain invalidation. Recognition of patient concerns and one’s own personal biases toward others’ pain reporting may improve patient-provider trust and support precision of numerical pain ratings.

Animal Pain Scales in Public Policy

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
F. Barbara Orlans
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Animal Pain ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Pain scales classify the severity of pain inflicted on laboratory animals from little or none up to severe. A pain scale as part of public policy serves beneficial purposes that promote animal welfare. It can be used to educate people about the two alternatives of refinement and replacement, and the need to reduce animal pain. Furthermore, a pain scale has practical applications: 1) in review procedures for animal welfare concerns; 2) in developing policies on the use of animals in education; and 3) as a basis for collecting national data on animal experimentation, so that meaningful data can be collected on trends in reduction and control in animal pain. So far, only a few countries (including Sweden, the Netherlands, Canada and New Zealand) have adopted pain scales as part of their public policy. Most countries, including the United States, have not yet done so. The history of the development and adoption of pain scales by various countries is described and the case is presented for wider adoption of a pain scale in countries not currently using one.

scholarly journals The effects of anger and sadness on clinical pain reports and experimentally-induced pain thresholds in women with and without fibromyalgia

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriët van Middendorp ◽  
Mark A. Lumley ◽  
Johannes W. G. Jacobs ◽  
Johannes W. J. Bijlsma ◽  
Rinie Geenen
Keyword(s):  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Clinical Pain ◽  
Pain Reports ◽  
Experimentally Induced

scholarly journals Tswana speaking South Africans’ understanding of pain scales

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yazbek ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
P. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Pain Scales

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Tswanatranslations of three pain scales.Design: This was a cross–sectional study to validate and test the reliability of threepain scales.Participants:   One hundred subjects participated in the study. They were selectedfrom the back schools of five hospitals in the North -West Province of South A frica andfrom workers in these hospitals who were employed as kitchen workers, laundryworkers and cleaners.Method: Translation of the pain scales and the stages of cross-cultural adaptation were followed as recommended byBeaton et al (2000). Pain tolerance of the subjects was measured using a P.T.M. (pressure threshold meter). The painscales used were the V.A .S. (visual analogue scale) one (nought and ten only), the V.A .S. (visual analogue scale) two(nought through to ten), the W.B.F. (Wong-Baker Faces pain measure) and the V.R.S. (verbal rating scale).  The V.R.S.used came in two forms. The first form was written on cue cards which the subjects arranged in order and the second form was the questionnaire version of the V.R.S.The subjects were interviewed and asked five questions relating to their back pain. Upon completion of the interviewthe pressure threshold of the painful area (back) was tested. Subjects then filled in the three pain scales, namely the (V.A .S. one, V.A .S. two, the V.R.S. and lastly the W.B.F. pain scale). Approximately a third of the sample (37) was retested the following day following the same procedure asdescribed above. Results: There was no correlation between the pressure threshold meter readings and the pain scale measurements.  Conclusion: From the statistical analysis of the results, it became apparent that the subjects tested did not have anunderstanding of any of the three pain scales. Future research needs to be done in developing entirely different scales for peoples of low literacy and differentlanguage and cultural groups in South Africa.

scholarly journals Laboratory Personnel Gender and Cold Pressor Apparatus Affect Subjective Pain Reports

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. e13-e18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M Vigil ◽  
Lauren N Rowell ◽  
Joe Alcock ◽  
Randy Maestes
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Pain Reporting ◽  
Pain Reports

BACKGROUND: There is no standardized method for cold pressor pain tasks across experiments. Temperature, apparatus and aspects of experimenters vary widely among studies. It is well known that experimental pain tolerance is influenced by setting as well as the sex of the experimenter. It is not known whether other contextual factors influence experimental pain reporting.OBJECTIVES: The present two-part experiment examines whether minimizing and standardizing interactions with laboratory personnel (eg, limiting interaction with participants to consenting and questions and not during the actual pain task) eliminates the influence of examiner characteristics on subjective pain reports and whether using different cold pain apparatus (cooler versus machine) influences reports.METHODS:The present experiment manipulated the gender of the experimenter (male, female and transgender) and the type of cold pressor task (CPT) apparatus (ice cooler versus refrigerated bath circulator). Participants conducted the CPT at one of two pain levels (5°C or 16°C) without an experimenter present.RESULTS:Men and women showed lower pain sensitivity when they were processed by biological male personnel than by biological female personnel before the CPT. Women who interacted with a transgendered researcher likewise reported higher pain sensitivity than women processed by biological male or female researchers. The type of CPT apparatus, despite operating at equivalent temperatures, also influenced subjective pain reports.DISCUSSION: The findings show that even minimal interactions with laboratory personnel who differ in gender, and differences in laboratory materials impact the reliable measurement of pain.CONCLUSION: More standardized protocols for measuring pain across varying research and clinical settings should be developed.

Rasch development and validation of a new faces scale for measuring pain, and its comparison with a gold standard: the Balparda–Herrera Pain Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kepa Balparda ◽  
Tatiana Herrera-Chalarca ◽  
Melissa Cano-Bustamante ◽  
Tatiana Gómez-González ◽  
María Alejandra Nicholls-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Rasch Modeling ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Development And Validation

Aim: Faces pain scales are widely used to measure pain. So far, no faces pain scale has ever been constructed by Rasch modeling. Hence the authors aimed to construct a new scale by this method. Methods: Rasch modeling was used to provide an initial calibration and development of the ‘Balparda–Herrera Pain Scale’ (BHPS) and this scale was compared with the existing Faces Pain Scale – Revised. The scale was later refined. Results: Both the existing scale and the initial version of the BHPS required category collapsing. Statistical tests demonstrated an excellent concordance between both scales. The final version of the BHPS was found to behave excellently and to be capable of adequately measuring pain. Conclusion: The BHPS provides an excellent instrument for measuring pain in the adult population.

Faces scales in paediatric pain assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is a systematic review assessing the commonly used faces pain scales employed to aid children in the self-report of their pain intensity. The review provides a critical evaluation of the Faces Pain Scale, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), the Oucher pain scale, and the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS). The reviewers found that the psychometric properties of the FPS-R supported its superiority for use in research. Although they found that children, and many staff, expressed a preference for the WBFPRS, the reviewers had major concerns about this scale confounding pain intensity with affect. They also noted the paucity of research in younger children, and concluded that future research should not focus on developing more pain scales for paediatric use but on examining the appropriate application of existing scales in a wider range of clinical settings.

scholarly journals Communicating and understanding pain: Limitations of pain scales for patients with sickle cell disorder and other painful conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532094498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Collins ◽  
Alicia Renedo ◽  
Cicely A Marston
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Pain Communication ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Cell Disorder

Pain communication in healthcare is challenging. We examine use of pain scales to communicate pain severity via a case study of people with sickle cell disorder (SCD). We show how pain communication involves complex social interactions between patients, healthcare professionals and significant others – none of which are included in pain ratings. Failure to account for relational aspects of pain may cause problems for any patient. For SCD, mutual distrust shapes pain communication, further complicating clinical assessments. Moreover, SCD pain is particularly severe, making ratings hard to interpret compared with ratings from non-SCD patients, potentially exacerbating problems in managing pain relief.

scholarly journals Determinants of Sleep Quality in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Sochal ◽  
Ewa Małecka-Panas ◽  
Agata Gabryelska ◽  
Renata Talar-Wojnarowska ◽  
Bartosz Szmyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Athens Insomnia Scale ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Comorbid Chronic Diseases ◽  
Sleep Questionnaires

The causes of disordered sleep, frequently reported by patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), are poorly understood. The study aimed to evaluate sleep quality in IBD patients and to identify factors affecting their sleep. IBD patients (n = 133) and healthy controls (HC; n = 57) were included in the study and completed sleep questionnaires (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens insomnia scale (AIS), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and pain scales (Visual Analogue Scale and Laitinen Pain Scale). IBD patients attained higher scores in all sleep questionnaires compared to HC: PSQI, AIS, and ESS (all p < 0.001). They also had prolonged sleep latency (p < 0.001) with reduced sleep efficiency (p < 0.001). Patients in exacerbation of IBD had higher scores in PSQI (p = 0.008), ESS (p = 0.009), but not in AIS, compared to those in remission. Participants with comorbid chronic diseases had higher scores in PSQI and AIS, but not in ESS, compared to others. Multiple regression revealed that the sleep questionnaire results were significantly affected by mood level (BDI), but not by the aforementioned pain scales. Sleep impairment in IBD patients is a common problem that deserves attention in everyday clinical practice and mood level seems to be the main factor affecting the quality of sleep in IBD patients.

scholarly journals Perceived Pain Responses to Foam Rolling Associate with Basal Heart Rate Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Marvette Wilkerson, MS ◽  
Christopher Anderson, BS ◽  
Gregory J. Grosicki, PhD ◽  
Andrew A. Flatt, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Total Body

Background: Foam rolling (FR) is a self-myofascial release technique with unclear effects on autonomic functioning, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). FR can be perceived as painful or relaxing, which may explain interindividual HRV responses. Purpose: To determine if acute FR alters resting HRV. A secondary aim was to determine if perceived pain during FR would predict HRV responses. Setting: Academic institution. Methods: In a randomized, crossover design, healthy adults (50% female) performed total body FR or control on separate days. Perceived pain ratings were obtained following FR of each muscle group and summed to generate an overall perceived pain rating. Seated measures of the mean RR interval and the natural logarithm of the root-mean square of successive RR interval differences (LnRMSSD, a parasympathetic HRV index) were obtained at 5-10 min pre-, 5-10 min post-, and 25-30 min post-FR. Results: No effects were observed for RR interval (p = .105–.561) or LnRMSSD (p = .110–.129). All effect sizes ranged from trivial–small (0.00–0.26). Changes in RR interval (r = 0.220–0.228, p = .433–.488) and LnRMSSD (r = 0.013–0.256, p = .376–.964) were not associated with pain scale sum. Baseline LnRMSSD was associated with pain scale sum (r = -0.663; p = .001). Conclusion: FR did not systematically alter HRV, nor did perceived pain ratings predict HRV responses. Those with lower pre-FR HRV reported higher perceived pain during FR. Basal cardiac autonomic activity may, therefore, influence pain sensitivity to FR in healthy adults.

scholarly journals 25% oral dextrose as analgesia during neonatal immunisation with BCG

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Tania Habib Mundol ◽  
Anitha S. Prabhu ◽  
Prakash R. M. Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Dextrose Solution ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Infant Pain

Background: Various animal studies have shown that repeated painful exposures can have deleterious long-term effects on neonates. Sick newborns are exposed to multiple painful procedures such as venipunctures, suctioning even removal of plasters. There are various physiologic and behavioral indicators of pain used in various standardized pain scales such as NIPS, NFCS, FLACC scale and Wong-Baker Faces pain scale. Sucrose, as an analgesic, has been used and recommended for minor painful procedures in neonates. The optimal dose of oral sucrose has not been established. The objective of this study was to study the analgesic effect of oral administration of 2 ml of 25% oral dextrose during neonatal immunization with BCG vaccine using NIPS (Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale).Methods: 40 consecutively selected newborns were given 2 ml of 25% oral dextrose solution 2 minutes prior to receiving the routine intradermal BCG vaccination. 40 consecutively selected newborns served as controls. The pain response in both groups was assessed using the standardized Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS).Results: Of the total 80 neonates included in the study, 40 were included in the dextrose group and 40 served as controls. 77.5% of the dextrose group were term babies compared to 72.5% in the control group. 20% of the dextrose group showed a NIPS score ≥6 while 40% in the control group had a similar NIPS score. Conclusions: A total of 80 newborns were included in this study, of which 40 (22 males, 18 females) received 25% oral dextrose solution prior to the BCG vaccine. The group which received dextrose was found to have less indicators of pain such as change in breathing pattern, cry and facial expression.

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