scholarly journals Development and Validation of Prediction Formula of Wingate Test Peak Power From Force–Velocity Test in Male Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Development And Validation

Peak power of the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), either in W (Ppeak) or in W.kg–1 (rPpeak), has been widely used to evaluate the performance of soccer players; however, its relationship with force–velocity (F-v) test (e.g., whether these tests can be used interchangeably) has received little scientific attention so far. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a prediction equation of Ppeak and rPpeak from F-v characteristics in male soccer players. Participants were 158 adult male soccer players (sport experience 11.4 ± 4.5 years, mean ± standard deviation, approximately five weekly training units, age 22.6 ± 3.9 years, body mass 74.8 ± 7.8 kg, and height 178.3 ± 7.8 cm) who performed both WAnT and F-v test. An experimental (EXP, n = 79) and a control group (CON, n = 79) were used for development and validation, respectively, of the prediction equation of Ppeak and rPpeak from F-v test. In EXP, Ppeak correlated very largely with body mass (r = 0.787), fat-free mass (r = 0.765), largely with maximal power of F-v test (Pmax; r = 0.639), body mass index (r = 0.603), height (r = 0.558), moderately with theoretical maximal force (F0; r = 0.481), percentage of body fat (r = 0.471), fat mass (r = 0.443, p < 0.001); rPpeak correlated with rPmax (largely; r = 0.596, p < 0.001), theoretical maximal velocity (v0; moderately; r = 0.341, p = 0.002), F0 (small magnitude; r = 0.280, p = 0.012), BF (r = −0.230, p = 0.042), and fat mass (r = −0.242, p = 0.032). Ppeak in EXP could be predicted using the formula “44.251 + 7.431 × body mass (kg) + 0.576 × Pmax (W) – 19.512 × F0” (R = 0.912, R2 = 0.833, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 42.616), and rPpeak from “3.148 + 0.218 × rPmax (W.kg–1) + v0 (rpm)” (R = 0.765, R2 = 0.585, SEE = 0.514). Applying these formulas in CON, no bias was observed between the actual and the predicted Ppeak (mean difference 2.5 ± 49.8 W; 95% CI, −8.7, 13.6; p = 0.661) and rPpeak (mean difference 0.05 ± 0.71 W.kg–1; 95% CI, −0.11, 0.21, p = 0.525). These findings provided indirect estimates of Ppeak of the WAnT, especially useful in periods when this test should not be applied considering the fatigue it causes; in this context, the F-v test can be considered as an alternative of exercise testing for estimating the average Ppeak of a group of soccer players rather than for predicting individual scores when the interindividual variation of performance is small.

Allometric Scaling of Force-velocity Test Output Among Pre-pubertal Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo V. Martinho ◽  
Rafael Baptista ◽  
Anderson S. Teixeira ◽  
Joao P. Duarte ◽  
Joao Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Force Velocity

AbstractBasketball is characterized by high-intensity episodes predominantly reliant on anaerobic metabolism. The force-velocity test enables individual determination of an optimal braking force and emerged as appropriate to estimate optimal peak power. It has rarely been used in youth basketball. This study aimed to examine the contribution of body size, composition, and biological maturation to interindividual variation in force-velocity test output among pre-pubertal basketball players. The sample consisted of 64 male participants (8.4–12.3 years). Stature, sitting height, body mass and two skinfolds were measured, and leg length estimated. Fat-free mass and lower limb volume were estimated from anthropometry. Age at peak height velocity was predicted from maturity offset. Optimal peak power was correlated with all body size descriptors (correlation: 0.541–0.700). Simple allometric models explained 30–47% of inter-individual variance, with fat-free mass being the best predictor of performance. Whole-body fat-free mass (as a surrogate for active muscle mass) plus the indicator of maturation emerged as the best proportional allometric model (53% explained variance). Even at pre-pubertal ages, the interpretation of the force-velocity test requires assessing the metabolically active component of body mass.

scholarly journals The Effects of Body Mass Index on Softball Pitchers’ Hip and Shoulder Range of Motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. E8-E13
Author(s):  
Kenzie B. Friesen ◽  
Adam W. Anz ◽  
Jeffrey R. Dugas ◽  
James R. Andrews ◽  
Gretchen D. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Range

AbstractCurrently it is hypothesized that increased body mass index may contribute to overuse injuries. Thus, if hip or shoulder range of motion is affected by body mass index, pitchers may be placing additional stress on joints as they seek to pitch at maximal velocity. The purpose of this study was to examine if range of motion at the hips and shoulders were related to body mass index classification. A sample of 147 female softball pitchers (17.0±4.2 years; 167.6±11.8 cm; 70.6±17.5 kg; body mass index=24.8±4.7 kg/m2) participated. Bilateral hip and shoulder range of motion were assessed. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated body mass index [Wilks’ Λ=0.742, F=1.722, p=0.014, η2=0.095] significantly affected range of motion of the shoulder and hip. Post hoc results indicated the underweight group had significantly more range of motion than the obese group in hip internal range of motion on both the throwing side (mean difference=12.39, p=0.005) and glove side (mean difference=11.98, p=0.004). Although body composition is not overly emphasized among softball pitchers, the current study reveals excess weight may inhibit proper mechanics. Coaches, athletic trainers, strength and conditioning personnel, and athletes should acknowledge the role that body composition can play in affecting pitch outcomes.

scholarly journals Seasonal Body Composition Variation Amongst Elite European Professional Soccer Players: An Approach of Talent Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee Owen ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Gordon Dunlop ◽  
Rouissi Mehdi ◽  
Moktar Chtara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Composition Profiles

AbstractThe primary aim of the investigation was to study the seasonal changes in body composition in elite European soccer players and identify key playing positional differences. Twenty-two players (age = 24 ± 3.7 years, body height = 180.45 ± 5.12 cm, body mass = 76.66 ± 5.34 kg) were tested. Players’ mass (kg), lean body mass (LBM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle girths (MG) and sum of 8 skinfolds (mm) were measured across 5 time points (T0 = Start of pre-season training; T1 = End of pre-season training; T2 = Mid-season; T3 = End of mid-season break; T4 = End of season). Players were divided into their tactical positional roles for analysis. The specific positions they were divided into included defenders (n = 8), midfielders (n = 8) and forwards (n = 6). Assessment of training and matchplay exposure were also recorded. Sites-4, Sites-7, Sites-8 and Fat Mass decreased dramatically from T0 to T1 and T2 in all playing positions (p < 0.01), while no remarkable differences were found between T2, T3 and T4. Except for defenders, calf girth and lean mass were higher in T2, T3 and T4 compared to T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). Midfielders were found to be leaner than forwards and defenders in all data collection time point sessions. Defenders showed higher values in calf girth and lean body mass than midfielders and forwards. It can be concluded from this investigation that there are large variances n positional body composition profiles amongst professional European soccer players. Furthermore, significant changes are prevalent and occur across the season from LBM, FFM, MG and skinfold assessment amongst European elite level soccer players.

scholarly journals Composición corporal y rendimiento físico de jugadores de fútbol soccer universitario por posición de juego (Body composition and physical performance of college soccer by player´s position)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Ceballos-Gurrola ◽  
Fernando Bernal-Reyes ◽  
Marquelia Jardón-Rosas ◽  
María Cristina Enríquez-Reyna ◽  
Jesús Durazo- Quiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The Relationship

Se propuso determinar la relación que existe entre la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico de jugadores de fútbol soccer universitario. Participaron 26 jugadores de sexo masculino con edad promedio de 20.7 años (DT = 1.7), pertenecientes a los equipos representativos de fútbol soccer de dos universidades mexicanas. Se midieron características morfológicas, de composición corporal y físicas para las posiciones de defensa, mediocampo y delantero. Se determinó el nivel de asociación entre las variables. Los resultados muestran que los defensas presentan mayor masa corporal, diámetro de húmero y circunferencia de cadera que los delanteros (p < .05), no así respecto a los jugadores de mediocampo. No se presenta diferencia en la expresión de las capacidades físicas y del porcentaje de masa grasa de los jugadores por posición de juego (p > .05). La masa grasa se asoció de manera directa con la velocidad (.427*, p < .05). Se encontraron diferencias en la masa ósea y corporal por posición de juego entre defensas, mediocampistas y delanteros. Los hallazgos sugieren la influencia de la composición corporal en el rendimiento físico de los participantes.  Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between body composition and physical performance in college soccer players. Twenty-six male players with an average age of 20.7 years (SD = 1.7), belonging to the representative soccer teams of two Mexican universities participated in the research. Morphological, body composition, and physical characteristics were measured for the defense, midfield, and forward positions. The level of association between variables was determined. The results show that defenders have greater body mass, humerus diameter, and hip circumference than forwards (p <. 05), whereas no differences were found in comparison to midfielders. There is no difference in players’ expression of physical abilities and percentage of fat mass by playing position (p > .05). Fat mass was directly associated with speed (.427 *, p < .05). Differences were found in bone and body mass by playing position between defenders, midfielders, and forwards. The findings hint at an influence of body composition on participants’ physical performance.

Optimal Peak Power in Relation to Age, Body Size, Gender, and Thigh Muscle Volume

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amândio M.C. Santos ◽  
Neil Armstrong ◽  
Mark B. A. De Ste Croix ◽  
Peter Sharpe ◽  
Joanne R. Welsman
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Age Range

These studies used multilevel modelling to examine optimised peak power (PPopt) from a force velocity test over the age range 12–14 years. In the first study, body mass, stature, triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses of boys and girls, aged 12.3 ± 0.3 y at the onset of the study, were measured on four occasions at 6 monthly intervals. The analysis was founded on 146 PPopt determinations (79 from boys and 67 from girls). Body mass and stature were significant explanatory variables with sum of two skinfolds exerting an additional effect. No gender differences were evident but PPopt increased with age. In the second study, thigh muscle volume (TMV) was estimated using magnetic resonance imaging at test occasions two and four. The analysis, founded on a subsample of 67 PPopt determinations (39 from boys and 28 from girls), demonstrated TMV to be a significant additional explanatory variable alongside body mass and stature with neither age nor gender making a significant contribution to PPopt. Together the studies demonstrate the influence of body size and TMV on young people’s PPopt.

scholarly journals Perfil dermatoglífico y somatotipificación de jugadores adolescentes de fútbol (Dermatoglyphic profile and somatotyping of adolescent soccer players)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Aldo Neyl Rodriguez ◽  
Oscar Montenegro ◽  
Jorge Luis Petro
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Grasa Corporal ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age And Sex

El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil dermatoglífico y la somatotipificación de un grupo de adolescentes (edad, 15.2 ± 0.3 años) de la selección de futbol del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas con las cuales se derivó indicadores como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), grasa corporal (GC) y el somatotipo; igualmente, se realizó registro de la huella dactilar y se determinó, siguiendo el protocolo de Cummins y Midlo (1942), los diseños digitales: Arco (A), Presilla (L) y Verticilo (W), Índice Delta (D10), sumatoria de la cantidad total de líneas (SQTL) y, adicionalmente, los tipos de fórmulas digitales (AL, ALW, 10L, 10W, LW y WL). Los resultados de los indicadores antropométricos fueron: IMC = 20.5 ± 2.1 kg∙m2, GC = 10.2 ± 2.7 %; los valores encontrados en los componentes del somatotipo fueron de 3.4 ± 0.5 – 4.6 ± 0.9 – 3.4 ± 1.1 (endomorfía – mesomorfía – ectomorfía, respectivamente). Con relación a los indicadores dermatoglíficos, se encontró una presencia de: A = 5%, L = 65% y W = 31%; el D10 = 12.6 ± 3.5 y la SQTL = 131.7 ± 39.1. Por otra parte, el predominio de fórmulas digitales fue de LW (40%), seguido de WL (20%) y ALW y 10L (con el 15% cada una) y menos frecuente la formula digital AL (10%). Con estos resultados se concluye que el IMC y la GC se encontró en los rangos aceptados para la edad y sexo; el somatotipo predominante en el grupo fue el mesomorfo balanceado.Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to determine the dermatoglyphic profile and somatotyping of a group of adolescents (age = 15.2 ± 0.3) from the Córdoba soccer team (Colombia). Standardized anthropometric measurements were made (height, body weight, skinfolds, girths and breadths); indicators, such as body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and somatotype were calculated from those measurements. At the same time, fingerprints were taken and digital designs were determined following the Cummins y Midlo (1942) protocol: Arches (A), Loops (L) and Whorls (W), Delta Index (D10), total number of lines on the right hand (SQTL), and additionally the types of digital formulas (AL, ALW, 10L, 10W, LW and WL). The results of the anthropometric indicators were: BMI = 20.5 ± 2.1 kg∙m2, FM = 10.2 ± 2.7 %; somatotype = 3.4 ± 0.5 – 4.6±0.9 – 3.4 ± 1 (mesomorph – endomorph – ectomorph, respectively). Regarding the dermatoglyphic indicators, a frequency of: A= 5%, L = 65% and W = 31% was found; D10 = 12.6 ± 3.5 and SQTL = 131.7 ± 39.1. On the other hand, the predominance of digital formulas were LW (40%), followed by WL (20%), ALW and 10L (with 15% each) and less frequently the digital formula AL (10%). Our results suggest that BMI and FM were found in the accepted ranges for age and sex; the predominant somatotype in the group was the balanced mesomorph.

Maintenance of Velocity and Power With Cluster Sets During High-Volume Back Squats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Jenny A. Conlon ◽  
Sophia Nimphius ◽  
Lee E. Brown ◽  
Laurent B. Seitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Cluster Set ◽  
Cluster Sets ◽  
Force Velocity

Purpose:To compare the effects of a traditional set structure and 2 cluster set structures on force, velocity, and power during back squats in strength-trained men.Methods:Twelve men (25.8 ± 5.1 y, 1.74 ± 0.07 m, 79.3 ± 8.2 kg) performed 3 sets of 12 repetitions at 60% of 1-repetition maximum using 3 different set structures: traditional sets (TS), cluster sets of 4 (CS4), and cluster sets of 2 (CS2).Results:When averaged across all repetitions, peak velocity (PV), mean velocity (MV), peak power (PP), and mean power (MP) were greater in CS2 and CS4 than in TS (P < .01), with CS2 also resulting in greater values than CS4 (P < .02). When examining individual sets within each set structure, PV, MV, PP, and MP decreased during the course of TS (effect sizes 0.28–0.99), whereas no decreases were noted during CS2 (effect sizes 0.00–0.13) or CS4 (effect sizes 0.00–0.29).Conclusions:These results demonstrate that CS structures maintain velocity and power, whereas TS structures do not. Furthermore, increasing the frequency of intraset rest intervals in CS structures maximizes this effect and should be used if maximal velocity is to be maintained during training.

scholarly journals Kinematics and Kinetics of Bulgarian-Bag-Overloaded Sprints in Young Athletes

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Marco Duca ◽  
Athos Trecroci ◽  
Enrico Perri ◽  
Damiano Formenti ◽  
Giampietro Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Background: Effective sprinting requires large acceleration capabilities. To accelerate, large amount of force must be produced and applied effectively. The use of different implements such as sleds and vests can increase the amount of force produced and alter sprinting effectiveness. We propose the use of increasing overload via the Bulgarian Bag (BB) as a means to modify athletes’ sprint and acutely increase force and power production. Methods: 24 young athletes performed three sprints over 20 m in three different conditions: unloaded (BW) and loaded with BB weighing 2.5% (BB2.5) and 5% (BB5) of the athlete’s body mass. Sprint times at 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m were acquired and used to compute the force–velocity relationship for the sprints. Maximal velocity (V0), peak force (F0), peak power (PP), and decrease in ratio of force (DRF) were computed. Results: the additional load caused a decrease in sprint times (p < 0.05) and V0 (p = 0.028), conversely no differences were found for F0 (p = 0.21), PP (p = 0.50), and DRF (p = 0.83). Conclusions: Based on those findings, BB can be an alternative method to effectively overload sprint training toward improving sprinting performance.

scholarly journals Effect of a Precompetition and Postcompetition Training Regime on Body Composition of Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (56) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Gailiūnienė ◽  
Viačislavas Novikovas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Free Body

The purpose of this investigation was to document the body composition elements’ changes, preparing an initialprecompetition and postcompetition training programme of soccer players. Body composition measurements weretaken 10 weeks prior to competition, at 2 hours before competition and 4 weeks after competition period (week 14).There were investigated: body height (BH), body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), fat freebody mass (FFBM), fat free body mass index (FFBMI), body water mass (BWM), water free body mass (WFBM), waterfree body mass index (WFBMI). Body mass, the percent age of BFM and BWM at all body mass was calculated usingthe whole body bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with “Tanita” monitor (Japan).Body mass and body composition values of soccer players varied at precompetition, competition and postcompetitionperiods. The decreased body mass at competition period by 8.16% is the result of lost body fat mass and body watermass. Fat free body mass index (FFBMI) and water free body mass index (WFBMI) indicate, that soccer players atprecompetition and competition period did not use lean tissue, that positively related to the restoration of bodycomposition and water balance at postcompetition period.Keywords: body composition, body mass, body fat mass, body water mass.

scholarly journals Vertical Force-velocity Profiling and Relationship to Sprinting in Elite Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Manson ◽  
Cody Low ◽  
Hayley Legg ◽  
Stephen D. Patterson ◽  
César Meylan
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Force Velocity

AbstractExplosive actions are integral to soccer performance and highly influenced by the ability to generate maximal power. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between force-velocity profile, jump performance, acceleration and maximal sprint speed in elite female soccer players. Thirty-nine international female soccer players (24.3±4.7 years) performed 40-m sprints, maximal countermovement jumps and five loaded squat jumps at increasing loads to determine individual force-velocity profiles. Theoretical maximal velocity, theoretical maximal force, maximal power output, one repetition maximal back squat and one repetition maximal back squat relative to body mass were determined using the force-velocity profile. Counter movement jump, squat jump and maximal power output demonstrated moderate to large correlation with acceleration and maximal sprint speed (r=− 0.32 to −0.44 and −0.32 to −0.67 respectively, p<0.05). Theoretical maximal velocity and force, one repetition maximal and relative back squat demonstrated a trivial to small relationship to acceleration and maximal sprint speed (p>0.05). Vertical force-velocity profiling and maximal strength can provide valuable insight into the neuromuscular qualities of an athlete to individualize training, but the ability to produce force, maximal power, and further transference into sprint performance, must be central to program design.

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