scholarly journals Electrophysiological Prints of Grit

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria V. Aguerre ◽  
Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza ◽  
Antonio J. Ibáñez-Molina ◽  
M. Teresa Bajo
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
High Consistency

While scientific interest in understanding the grit trait has grown exponentially in recent years, one important gap in the grit literature relates to its biological and neural substrate. In the present study, we adopted a hypotheses-driven approach in a large sample of young adults (N = 120) with diverse educational backgrounds and work experiences in order to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of grit both during rest and while performing a learning task. Additionally, we selected a measure of impulsiveness to better understand the neural similarities and differences between grit and related self-control constructs. Based on previous work that implicated the prefrontal cortex in grit, we hypothesized that high grit participants would have lower frontal theta/beta ratio (a broadly used index that reflects prefrontally-mediated top–down processes, which might indicate better control over subcortical information). Furthermore, we expected the perseverance of effort facet of grit to be linked to higher complexity during task engagement because previous research has shown complexity indexes (entropy and fractal dimension) to be linked to effort while performing cognitive tasks. Our results revealed that although there were no differences at rest as a function of grit, the participants with high grit and high consistency of interest scores exhibited lower frontal theta/beta ratios during the learning task. This pattern suggests that individual differences in grit might be more evident when top-down control processes are at work. Furthermore, there was a positive association between perseverance of effort and entropy at task, which might indicate more effort and engagement in the task. Finally, no association was found between the neural indexes (frontal theta/beta ratio, entropy, or fractal dimension) and impulsiveness, neither impulsiveness mediated between grit and brain measures. Finally, when controlling for impulsiveness and demographic variables (gender, age, education, and work experience) the effects at the facet level remained statistically significant. While there is still a long way to fully understand the neural mechanisms of grit, the present work constitutes a step toward unveiling the electrophysiological prints of grit.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Attitude about Biomedical Waste Management among Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 Crises in Al-Ahsa

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Sahbanathul Missiriya Jalal ◽  
Fahima Akhter ◽  
Amal Ismael Abdelhafez ◽  
Ahmed Mansour Alrajeh
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biomedical Waste ◽  
Respiratory Therapists ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Biomedical waste (BMW) management is an essential practice of healthcare professionals (HCPs) for preventing health and also environmental hazards. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, posing significant challenges for healthcare sectors. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the knowledge, practice, and attitude on BMW management among HCPs when taking care of patients with COVID-19 and associated with demographic variables. From Al-Ahsa healthcare sectors, 256 HCPs were selected randomly, of which 105 (41%) had excellent knowledge, 87 (34%) had good knowledge, and 64 (25%) had poor knowledge with a mean score of 13.1 ± 3.6. A higher mean score was (14.4 ± 3.2) obtained by physicians, and (13.6 ± 3.8) nurses than the other HCPs. Regarding practice, 72 (28.1%) HCPs used and discarded PPE while handling biomedical wastes. Additionally, 88 (34.4%) followed proper hand hygiene before and after each procedure and whenever needed. Physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists had a more favorable attitude than other HCPs. There was a statistically significant association found among knowledge level and educational qualification (p < 0.0001), gender (p < 0.001), and work experience (p < 0.05). Emphasis is needed to train all HCPs regarding proper BMW management during this pandemic to prevent infection transmission.

scholarly journals CEOs’ International Work Experience and Compensation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schmid ◽  
Sebastian Baldermann
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
International Work ◽  
Executive Remuneration ◽  
To Receive

AbstractIn this paper, we study the effect a CEO’s international work experience has on his or her compensation. By combining human capital theory with a resource dependence and a resource-based perspective, we argue that international work experience translates into higher pay. We also suggest that international work experience comprises several dimensions that affect CEO compensation: duration, timing and breadth of stays abroad. With data from Europe’s largest stock market firms, we provide evidence that the longer the international work experiences and the more numerous they are, the higher a CEO’s compensation. While, based on our theoretical arguments, we expect to find that later international work experiences pay off for CEOs, our empirical analysis shows that earlier international work experiences are particularly valuable in terms of compensation. In addition, our data support the argument that maturity allows a CEO to take advantage of the skills, knowledge and competencies obtained via international experience—and to receive a higher payoff. With our study, we improve the understanding of how different facets of a CEO’s background shape executive remuneration.

Managing Stress and School: The Role of Posttraumatic Stress in Predicting Well-Being and Collegiate Burnout

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory Lucier-Greer ◽  
Davina Quichocho ◽  
Ross W. May ◽  
Gregory S. Seibert ◽  
Frank D. Fincham
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
School Burnout

Experiencing a traumatic event is generally posited to increase vulnerability. Informed by a stress process framework, this study investigated the relation of posttraumatic stress to depressive symptoms, risky drinking, and school burnout in emerging adulthood, a developmental period during which common behavioral and psychological disorders reach their peak. Whether self-control acts as a mechanism linking posttraumatic stress to these outcomes was also examined. Using a short-term longitudinal design ( N = 373 undergraduate students), we found a direct, positive association between heightened levels of posttraumatic stress and heightened depressive symptoms, risky drinking, and school burnout. Posttraumatic stress was also indirectly linked to depressive symptoms, risky drinking, and school burnout via self-control. Experiences of posttraumatic stress are thought to erode self-control capacity, and depleted self-control is thought to be adversely associated with mental health, decision-making, and school success. Implications for intervention across multiple lines of defense are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigating Occupational Stress of Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center 115 and the Role of Demographic Variables in Kermanshah, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Pourmirza Kalhori ◽  
Parvin Abdi Gheshlaghi ◽  
Razie Toghroli ◽  
Vahid Hatami Garosi ◽  
Jaffar Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Emergency Medical

Abstract Background: The first and one of the most important chains of providing care to patients is pre-hospital emergency medical services. Personnel employed in this sector are at risk of occupational stress due to the nature of their job which can affect their health and quality of services provided to patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the occupational stress of the personnel of disaster and emergency medical management center 115 and the role of demographic variables in 2019.Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. 200 medical emergency personnel of Kermanshah province were selected through stratified sampling and according to inclusion criteria. A two-part questionnaire including demographic information and HSE standard questionnaire were used for collecting data. Finally, descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and one-way ANOVA) were used for data analysis. Significance level was considered P<0.05. Results: The mean score of total occupational stress was 3.41±0.26. The highest and the lowest stress levels related to the role dimensions was calculated (4.34±0.35) and changes (2.72±0.86). There was a significant relationship between stress level with age, marital status, educational level, type of base of work place and hours of work per month, while there was no relationship between type of employment and work experience with stress level. Conclusion: Emergency medical personnel experience a high level of occupational stress. Senior managers can use the results of similar studies to think measures to reduce the experience of employees' stress.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF TEAM WORK ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Shujaat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The current study was based on analyzing effect of team work on employee satisfaction, as team work is considered to be a crucial factor for achieving organizational goals. Methodology/Sampling: A survey was conducted among 384 employees from different organization to analyze their team work experience. Regression analysis was applied to access the significance of linear relationship on data under study. Findings: It was found that team work has a significant impact on employee satisfaction. Future research should investigate the ways in which teamwork interest can be moderated by characteristics of the task and the group, preferably those characteristics that instructors have some control over to facilitate group work experiences. Practical Implications: Employers value team work skills from incoming employees with higher education. Hence it is critical that instructors in higher education institutions understand the importance of teamwork and the factors that contribute to positive teamwork environment. The study will be helpful for HR departments to understand the importance of team work and for devising better work groups.

Effectiveness of a Job Search Training Program for Youth With Visual Impairments

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cmar ◽  
Michele C. McDonnall
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Search Training ◽  
And Behavior

Early work experiences predict future employment for youth with visual impairments, particularly when youth find jobs independently, but research has not supported the efficacy of sponsored work for this population. The most effective work experience programs include additional components such as job search assistance, and job search interventions are effective at improving employment outcomes. Thus, we conducted a quasi-experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of adding job search training to a summer work experience program with 42 youth with visual impairments. Intervention group youth significantly increased job search knowledge and behavior compared with comparison group youth, and both groups increased in job search self-efficacy. Although additional research is needed, this study provides initial evidence of the job search program’s effectiveness.

Age, gender and work experience as predictors of success

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Fournier ◽  
Elizabeth M. Ineson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictive value of age, gender and work experience in relation to hospitality management (HM) academic success, as measured by year one leadership programme (LP) achievement and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The association between LP and CGPA success and internship performance is also evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – The sample comprised 349 international undergraduate HM students. Secondary data were compiled and analysed using SPSS. Eight hypotheses, developed from the literature were tested using χ2, t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. Findings – Although age was not a predictor of success, males significantly outperformed females. Pre-programme work experience was not a predictor of LP performance but length of paid work experience and supervisory work experience were linked significantly to mean CGPA. LP achievement was positively associated with CGPA and with successful internship completion. Research limitations/implications – Although the student sample was international and spanned three cohorts, the data collection was limited to one institution. Practical implications – Pre-programme work experience, in particular supervisory experience, and the incorporation of management competency-linked LPs into first-year HM curricula are recommended. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the under-researched predictive value of age, gender and pre-programme work experience in relation to HM academic performance, in particular in an LP context. An additional innovative finding is the positive association between LP achievement and success in HM professional practice.

Undergraduate Student-Run Business Development Services Firms: A New Educational Opportunity and Growth Alternative for Small and Medium Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
Peter G. Delaney ◽  
Ken Harrington ◽  
Emre Toker
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This article explores undergraduate-run business development services firms catering to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as a new educational opportunity for students as the gig economy expands and as a growth alternative for SMEs. It describes how to structure the firm in the space between students, the university, and the regional community, and why this is an important model moving forward. This approach offers the dual benefit of providing SMEs with high-quality services at affordable rates and provides undergraduates with authentic work experiences that teach students to be flexible, operate on a per-project basis, and prepare themselves for “portfolio careers” of the future. Founded in 2015, Bear Studios has completed 82 projects with 62 different companies, split between health care (49%), education (20%), software (16%), consumer goods (6%), and other industries (9%). Involving 43 student fellows and having generated over $52,000 in billings to date, the company expanded to Baltimore and is expanding into the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. Students can become better prepared for postgraduate careers through this model. We propose how students can gain valuable work experience prior to graduation as a participant in the new workforce, while functioning as a cost-effective alternative for SMEs.

scholarly journals Encouraging students to draw on work experiences when articulating achievements and capabilities to enhance employability

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise A Jackson ◽  
Susan Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Student Feedback ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relevant Work

Employability drives higher education policy yet despite the investment in developing ‘rounded’ graduates, students experience difficulties in articulating their achievements and capabilities during graduate recruitment. The purpose of this research was to trial and evaluate a career development intervention aimed at drawing on work experiences when applying for graduate roles. Students ( N = 136) from two contrasting disciplines, Business and Physiotherapy, and two institutions participated in a two-staged intervention. A focus group was also conducted with career advisors ( N = 9) to examine student engagement with career development learning. Findings indicated that students were confident in their ability to draw on relevant work experience in job applications and showed low levels of engagement in the intervention due to time constraints from their study commitments. Despite the varied contexts of the degree programmes investigated, similarities in engagement and student feedback were noted. Factors contributing to weak engagement in career provision along with strategies for improvement are presented.

Cognitive control in altruism and self-control: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
Jeremy R. Gray ◽  
Todd S. Braver
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Social Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
The Face

The primrose path and prisoner's dilemma paradigms may require cognitive (executive) control: The active maintenance of context representations in lateral prefrontal cortex to provide top-down support for specific behaviors in the face of short delays or stronger response tendencies. This perspective suggests further tests of whether altruism is a type of self-control, including brain imaging, induced affect, and dual-task studies.

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