scholarly journals The Cassandra Experience: A Mixed Methods Study on the Intragroup Cognitive Dissonance of Italian Expatriates During the First Wave of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Di Domenico ◽  
Davide Cannata ◽  
Tiziana Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Italian Community

In March 2020, Italy was the first European country to be hit severely by the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to put in place moderate-high containment measures. 594 Italian expatriates participated in a cross-sectional mixed-methods survey focusing on the period that goes from the beginning of March 2020 to the beginning of April 2020. The survey aimed to describe the experiences of participants when it comes to conflicting beliefs and behavior with the Italian or host country communities in relation to COVID-19, using the Intragroup Cognitive Dissonance (ICD) framework. We explored: (1) COVID-19 risk perception (assessed for themselves, the Italian community, and the host country community); (2) COVID-19 risk meta-perception (participants’ perception of the Italian and host country communities’ risk perception); (3) intensity of emotions (assessed for themselves); (4) national group identification (assessed for themselves in relation to the Italian and host country communities) before and after the first wave of COVID-19 in Italy. An inductive thematic analysis of three open-ended questions allowed an in-depth understanding of the experiences of Italian expatriates. Results describe the ICD of participants with the Italian or host country communities, expressed as a difference between COVID-19 risk-perception and risk meta-perception. ICD predicts that when a dissonance of beliefs and behavior is experienced within an individual’s group, a shift in identification with another more consonant group will happen, if identity enhancing strategies with the dissonant group are unsuccessful. Our findings showed that when the ICD was experienced with the host country community, this was solved through a disidentification strategy and mediated by negative emotions. Identity enhancing strategies with the host country community were unsuccessfully enacted as described by the qualitative answers of participants referring to episodes of racism, ridicule, and to a Cassandra experience: predicting a catastrophic future without being believed. Unexpectedly, participants experiencing the ICD with the Italian community did not enact a disidentification strategy. An increase in virtual contacts, enhanced sense of belonging, a stronger identification baseline, and different features of the two ICDs can be responsible for these results. This study sheds light on the relevance of ICD in natural settings and on international communities, during global crises.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Predictors of Health Risk Perception, Attitude and Behavior Practices Associated with Health-Emergency Disaster Risk Management for Biological Hazards: The Case of COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong, SAR China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ying Yang Chan ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Eugene Siu Kai Lo ◽  
Kevin Kei Ching Hung ◽  
Eliza Lai Yi Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

In addition to top-down Health-Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) efforts, bottom-up individual and household measures are crucial for prevention and emergency response of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). There is limited scientific evidence of the knowledge, perception, attitude and behavior patterns of the urban population. A computerized randomized digital dialing, cross-sectional, population landline-based telephone survey was conducted from 22 March to 1 April 2020 in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Data were collected for socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and risk perception, and various self-reported Health-EDRM behavior patterns associated with COVID-19. The final study sample was 765. Although the respondents thought that individuals (68.6%) had similar responsibilities as government (67.5%) in infection control, less than 50% had sufficient health risk management knowledge to safeguard health and well-being. Among the examined Health-EDRM measures, significant differences were found between attitude and practice in regards to washing hands with soap, ordering takeaways, wearing masks, avoidance of visiting public places or using public transport, and travel avoidance to COVID-19-confirmed regions. Logistic regression indicated that the elderly were less likely to worry about infection with COVID-19. Compared to personal and household hygiene practices, lower compliance was found for public social distancing.

scholarly journals Pembentukan Sikap Oleh Perokok Remaja Melalui Peringatan Bahaya Merokok Pada Kemasan Rokok

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Sherly Hindra Negoro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance Theory ◽  
Dissonance Theory ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Action Stage ◽  
Cigarette Packs

Abstract:Indonesian Government announced to the cigarette  industrial to showed pictorical warning on cigarette packs. The goal was to reduce amount of Indonesian smoker. This research was conducted at Yogyakarta among of smoker adolescents (200 samples). Hypothesis test was formed  by using software PLS (Partial Least Square) and t-test with software SPSS. Their behavior was on action stage of behavior steps was to reduce smoking frequently.. Based on research we got conclusion that there are significant influence between knowledge and risk perception with attitude and behavior as intervening variable. Although, cognitive dissonance theory couldn’t enough explain with altogether.Keywords: knowledge, risk perception, behavior, attitude

How Individuals Hypothetically and Realistically Respond to Media Messages About Severe Weather

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Cory L. Armstrong ◽  
Nathan A. Towery
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Live Video ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Behavior

This study sought to measure how risk perception and behavior intention of residents in coastal counties in Southern Alabama, Mississippi, and Northern Florida may have changed before and after Hurricane Michael in October 2018. The aim of this research project was to compare individual responses to impending disasters before the hurricane and compare them to responses in areas hit by the storm. The authors used an experiment to examine how visual cues and media messages were interpreted by residents and their reported influence on an individual's risk perception and decision-making in the situation. With roughly 1,030 respondents, results indicated that live video was most likely to motivate respondents to prepare activities after the storm, which was in the opposite direction of those respondents answering before the hurricane struck. The authors hope the findings of this study can help broadcasters better target their messages as they move forward.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Kader Cilik dalam Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Jajan Anak Sekolah

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Oslida Martony
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Correlative Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of school children snacks before and after counseling related to the empowerment of cadres in schools at Muhammadiyah Lubuk Pakam Elementary School. This research method is a correlative study using a cross-sectional design. The results of the static test show that the value of p = 0.00 <0.05 means that there are significant differences between the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of Muhammadiyah students' snacks in choosing healthy meals and snacks that contain hazardous ingredients after empowerment by young cadres, In conclusion, the counseling method is very influential in significantly increasing the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of school children at SD Muhammadiyah Lubuk Pakam.   Keywords: Snack for School Children, Young Cadres, Knowledge, Behavior, Attitude

Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽  
Julie Spencer ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

The Influence of Attitudes, Subjective, Norms, and Behavior Controls on Intention to Choose Islamic Banks With Islamic Religiosity as a Moderating Variable (Case Study at Bri Syariah Purwokerto Customers)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Khoyrun Najakh ◽  
Dwiwiyati Astogini ◽  
Sri Martini
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Customers

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attitudes on the intention to choose Islamic banks, to analyze the effect of subjective norm on the intention to choose Islamic banks. to analyze the effect of the control behavior of the intention to choose the Islamic banks, to analyze the moderating influence of religiosity on the relationship attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control of the intention to choose the Islamic banks . The method used is a survey with a sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of this study was 100 respondents . Further analysis tools used in this study is multiple regression analysis using SPSS 16.0 software . Based on this study it can be concluded that the attitude does not affect to the intention of choose Bank BRISyariah. Subjective norm positive effect on intention choose Bank BRISyariah. Control behavior does not affect to the intention choose Bank BRISyariah. Relationship between Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Behavior Control with the intention to select Bank BRISyariah not moderated by religiosity.Based on these conclusions can be said that the Bank BRISyariah should improve understanding related to the subjective norm in order to increase the number of customers who use the services of Islamic Banking . Further research is recommended in order to follow up and develop this research to further explore the independent and dependent variables continued before and after behavioral intention or intention to perform a specific action .

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

Uncertainty about cellulitis and unmet patient information needs: a mixed methods study

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X697349
Author(s):  
Anna Lalonde ◽  
Emma Teasdale ◽  
Ingrid Muller ◽  
Joanne Chalmers ◽  
Peter Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Patient Information Needs ◽  
History Of

BackgroundCellulitis is a common painful infection of the skin and underlying tissues that recurs in approximately a third of cases. Patients’ ability to recover from cellulitis or prevent recurrence is likely to be influenced by their understanding of the condition.AimTo explore patients’ perceptions of cellulitis and their information needs.MethodMixed methods study comprising semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and cross-sectional survey, recruiting through primary care, secondary care and advertising. Adults aged 18 or over with a history of cellulitis (first or recurrent) were invited to complete a survey, take part in an interview or both. Qualitative data was analysed thematically.ResultsThirty interviews were conducted between August 2016 and July 2017. Qualitative data revealed low prior awareness of cellulitis, uncertainty around diagnosis, concern/surprise at the severity of cellulitis, and perceived insufficient information provision. People were surprised they had never heard of the condition and that they had not received advice or leaflets giving self-care information. Some sought information from the internet and found this bewildering. Two hundred and forty surveys were completed (response rate 17%). These showed that, while most people received information on the treatment of cellulitis (60.0%, n = 144), they reported receiving no information about causes (60.8%, n = 146) or prevention of recurrence (73.3%, n = 176).ConclusionThere is a need for provision of basic information for people with cellulitis, particularly being informed of the name of their condition, how to manage acute episodes, and how to reduce risk of recurrence.

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