scholarly journals Risk Factors Underlying COVID-19 Lockdown-Induced Mental Distress

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sebastian Novotný ◽  
Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Rivas ◽  
Šárka Kunzová ◽  
Mária Skladaná ◽  
Anna Pospíšilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Recent reports suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown resulted in changes in mental health, however, potential age-related changes and risk factors remain unknown. We measured COVID-19 lockdown-induced stress levels and the severity of depressive symptoms prior to and during the COVID-19 lockdown in different age groups and then searched for potential risk factors in a well-characterized general population-based sample. A total of 715 participants were tested for mental distress and related risk factors at two time-points, baseline testing prior to COVID-19 and follow-up testing during COVID-19, using a battery of validated psychological tests including the Perceived Stress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Longitudinal measurements revealed that the prevalence of moderate to high stress and the severity of depressive symptoms increased 1.4- and 5.5-fold, respectively, during the COVID-19 lockdown. This surge in mental distress was more severe in women, but was present in all age groups with the older age group exhibiting, cross-sectionally, the lowest levels of mental distress prior to and during the lockdown. Illness perception, personality characteristics such as a feeling of loneliness, and several lifestyle components were found to be associated with a significant increase in mental distress. The observed changes in mental health and the identified potential risk factors underlying these changes provide critical data justifying timely and public emergency-tailored preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic mental health interventions, which should be integrated into future public health policies globally.

scholarly journals Incidence of Anxiety in Latest Life and Risk Factors. Results of the AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12786
Author(s):  
Franziska Dinah Welzel ◽  
Melanie Luppa ◽  
Alexander Pabst ◽  
Michael Pentzek ◽  
Angela Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Research on anxiety in oldest-old individuals is scarce. Specifically, incidence studies based on large community samples are lacking. The objective of this study is to assess age- and gender-specific incidence rates in a large sample of oldest-old individuals and to identify potential risk factors. The study included data from N = 702 adults aged 81 to 97 years. Anxiety symptoms were identified using the short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-SF). Associations of potential risk factors with anxiety incidence were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. Out of the N = 702 older adults, N = 77 individuals developed anxiety symptoms during the follow-up period. The incidence rate was 51.3 (95% CI: 41.2–64.1) per 1000 person-years in the overall sample, compared to 58.5 (95% CI: 43.2–72.4) in women and 37.3 (95% CI: 23.6–58.3) in men. Multivariable analysis showed an association of subjective memory complaints (HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.16–3.57) and depressive symptoms (HR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.46–7.01) with incident anxiety in the follow-up. Incident anxiety is highly common in late life. Depressive symptoms and subjective memory complaints are major risk factors of new episodes. Incident anxiety appears to be a response to subjective memory complaints independent of depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Psychiatric Symptoms among Swiss Elite Athletes during the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10780
Author(s):  
Stefan Fröhlich ◽  
Christian Imboden ◽  
Samuel Iff ◽  
Jörg Spörri ◽  
Boris B. Quednow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated first lockdown measures may have had a relevant impact on the mental health of competitive athletes. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of various mental health issues in a Swiss elite athletes’ cohort during the first lockdown of the pandemic, and to assess their association with different potential risk factors. Elite athletes from different disciplines were interviewed during the first lockdown in spring 2020 by means of an online questionnaire on symptoms of existing anxieties, depression and sleep disorders, as well as on training circumstances and physical performance before and during the lockdown. Additionally, the economic situation, secondary occupations and current physical health problems were surveyed. A total of 203 (92 female, 111 male) athletes met the inclusion criteria and participated in the survey. Training volume and intensity decreased significantly during lockdown from 3.1 to 2.7 h/day. Financial existential fears increased and were associated with higher training volumes and higher trait anxiety scores. Depressive symptoms and insomnia were present but not exceptionally frequent during the lockdown. Depressive symptoms were associated with higher anxiety scores, higher insomnia severity scores, lower training intensity and worse coping with the measures taken by the authorities against the pandemic. Changes in training and daily habits due to the first lockdown may have affected the mental health of elite athletes. Longitudinal studies should, however, further investigate the long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health.

scholarly journals HEV prevalence and potential risk factors in a large multi-ethnic youth cohort in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixia Li ◽  
Yinxia Zhang ◽  
Zhongren Ma ◽  
Zewen Liu ◽  
Aqsa Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay

Abstract Background This cohort study was designed to investigate the prevalence of and potential risk factors of HEV infection in a large multi-ethnic youth cohort in China. Methods Blood samples were collected from participants (n = 6269) and serum was isolated. All serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM antibodies using commercial enzyme immunoassay kits (Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China). Results The overall rate of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM prevalence was 4.78% and 0.14%, 0.03% were positive for both anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM antibodies. Anti-HEV IgG positivity is significantly higher in females (5.27%) compared to males (4.14%) (P = 0.028). Anti-HEV IgG prevalence is significantly (P = 0.0001) higher in Dong (17.57%), Miao (12.23%), Yi (11.04%), Gelao (9.76%), and Bai (10.00%) compared to other ethnic groups. It is significantly higher in Guizhou (11.4%), Sichuan (10.1%), Yunnan (9.3%), and Guangxi (6.9%) than that other province. We found that ethnicity and provincial background are significantly associated with HEV infection in this cohort. Conclusion This study provides comprehensive information on HEV prevalence in multi-ethnic populations in China. However, our study only focused on a youth population from different provinces of China. Future studies are recommended to investigate HEV prevalence in other age groups of the ethnic populations.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Huahua Hu ◽  
Chengjia Zhao ◽  
Huihui Xu ◽  
Xiaolian Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Probable Depression

Abstract Background The current study aims to track the changes in the levels of smart phone addiction (SPA) and depressive symptoms between pre and during COVID-19 and potential risk factors of among Chinese college students in a four-wave longitudinal study. Methods The participants were recruited from a Chinese university (n = 195; 58.5% females). The first three-wave surveys were conducted before COVID-19 (during December of Year 1, June of Year 1, and December of Year 2 of their college study; Time 1, Time 2, Time 3), while the fourth survey (Time 4; during June of Year 2 of their college study) was conducted in June 2020 during COVID-19. COVID-19-related factors, including quarantine, lockdown, boredom, emotional loneliness, and social loneliness, were investigated. Results The results showed a significant increase in the levels of depressive symptoms and prevalence of probable depression during COVID-19 (69.2%) compared to those 18 months, 12 months and 6 months before COVID-19 (41.5, 45.6, 48.2%) but non-significant changes in SPA. Boredom and emotional loneliness were positively associated with both SPA and depressive symptoms during COVID-19. Social loneliness was also positively associated with depressive symptoms during COVID-19. Quarantine and lockdown were not significantly associated with SPA or depressive symptoms. Discussion and conclusions The results highlight that the study population may be a high risk group of probable depression. Future studies should continue to track these mental and behavioral status with the progression of the epidemic. The identified emotional factors could be used to reduce depressive symptoms during COVID-19 and prevent the potential risk of SPA.

scholarly journals Two Waves of COVID-19 in University Setting: Mental Health and Underlying Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Křeménková ◽  
Jan Sebastian Novotný ◽  
Jana Kvintová
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Faculty Of Education

The aim of the paper was to assess the differences in the mental distress of university students in the first and second waves of COVID-19, to compare these levels with that of the general population as well as to identify the risk factors associated with the changes in mental health. A total of 2,025 university students in core psychology courses in all years of study at the Faculty of Education at Palacký University Olomouc were approached via e-mail. Of this number of students, 800 students took part in the study, divided into two groups from the spring (N = 438) and autumn (N = 362) pandemic waves. The data were collected online via Google Forms using a battery of questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and binary logistic regression. The results showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (38.4 and 51.4%), significant anxiety (43.8 and 37%), and high stress (19.9 and 22.9%) among students in both waves of the pandemic. Depression and stress also increased significantly during the second wave compared with the first one (r = 0.18 [0.12, 0.25] and r = 0.08 [0.01, 0.14]). Finally, university students showed significantly higher levels of mental distress than the general population in all of the variables and in both waves (r = 0.42–0.86). A variety of factors influenced different aspects of mental distress in the spring and autumn pandemic waves. Emotion regulation emerged as the most significant and pervasive factor, both influencing all of the three indicators of mental distress and being a significant predictor in both waves.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and potential risk factors of bovine brucellosis at the livestock-wildlife interface area of Yankari game reserve, Bauchi State, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Y. Ibrahim ◽  
H. M. Mai ◽  
D. J. U. Kalla ◽  
J. Kabir ◽  
J. Nathaniel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interface Area ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and associations with potential risk factors of brucellosis in indigenous cattle breeds at the livestock-wildlife interface area of Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi State, Nigeria. A total of 1000 sera samples were examined from 44 herds using convenient and simple random sampling technique. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) were used as screening and confirmatory tests respectively. Of the 1000 samples, 23.5% samples were RBPT positive, and after the confirmatory test, the overall true animal-level prevalence was 4.1%. For the herd level prevalence, (47.7%) herds had at least one animal that is seropositive following both tests. Brucellosis seroprevalence was significantly associated with the following potential risk factors; herds that belong to a cooperative society member (p<0.042), herds that keep only cattle (p<0.001), herds that practice commercial farming system (p<0.011), herds that possess a herd size of 51 to 100 cattle (p?0.009) and herds that have no history of abortion and other reproductive disorder (p<0.009). No statistically significant differences in brucellosis seroprevalence was obtained within sex, breed and age groups It can be concluded that brucellosis is still endemic in the study area.

scholarly journals Mental Health of Physicians During COVID-19 Outbreak in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Most. Farida Khatun ◽  
Most. Firoza Parvin ◽  
Md. Mamun-ur Rashid ◽  
Md. Shah Alam ◽  
Most. Kamrunnahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

There have been numerous studies about the health implication of COVID-19 on patients, but little attention has been paid to the impacts of the pandemic on physicians. Our paper attends to this gap by exploring the mental health of physicians in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is particularly important since the mental health of physicians impacts not only on themselves, but also their professional performance and hence the care of patients. This study examined physicians' mental health outcomes by evaluating the prevalence and associated potential risk factors of anxiety and depression. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 114 physicians. Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure the anxiety and depression, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the potential risk factors related to anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 32.5 and 34.2%, respectively. Findings revealed that marital status, work per day and current job location were the main risk factors for anxiety while sex, age, and marital status were the main risk factors for depression. Our results highlight the need to implement policies and strategies for positively impacting the mental health of physicians during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Childhood and Adolescent Depression

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Angold
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Future Work

Depression in childhood and adolescence has become a topic of considerable research interest in the last decade. A number of studies ranging over the last half-century provide information about the prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in non-referred populations. These studies are critically reviewed in the light of an analysis of the various meanings that the term ‘depression’ may carry, and a variety of methodological issues. The sparse evidence for the involvement of a number of potential risk factors for depressive disorders is then considered and suggestions for future work in this area are outlined.

scholarly journals Suicide risk of old adults with special reference to aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-603
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Koo et al. (2017) compared differences in sociodemographic variables, recent life events, and mental and physical illnesses between three age groups (65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and over) who died by suicide. Psychiatric problems, suicidal behavior, legal and financial stressors, and relationship problems decreased with age. In contrast, physical conditions and bereavement increased with age. Suicide rates were increasing with age for males, but not for females. In addition, significant differences in the prevalence of potential risk factors within the three different age groups existed. I have some concerns about their study.

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