scholarly journals An Integrative Approach to Ketamine Therapy May Enhance Multiple Dimensions of Efficacy: Improving Therapeutic Outcomes With Treatment Resistant Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry-Anne Muscat ◽  
Glenn Hartelius ◽  
Courtenay Richards Crouch ◽  
Kevin W. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Brain States

Research over the last two decades has established ketamine as a safe, effective, fast-acting, and sustained antidepressant that significantly reduces adverse symptoms associated with depression, even in patients who are treatment resistant. Much of this research has evolved within the framework of several independent branches of scientific inquiry: in addition to the study of ketamine is a non-selective NMDAR antagonist with rapid antidepressant effects, it has also been found effective as a psychoplastogen that stimulates synaptogenesis and increases neuroplasticity, as a powerful anti-inflammatory that may improve inflammation-related depressive symptoms, as a substance that induces beneficial high entropy brain states, and as a subjectively impactful psychedelic agent. Each branch of inquiry has generated independent evidence of ketamine's efficacy but has advanced without substantive coordination or communication with other lines of inquiry. Integrative research that considers these branches of research together may lead toward a better understanding of ketamine's effects and improved treatment protocols and clinical outcomes. Such an overview can inform more comprehensive patient care through: (a) informed patient psychoeducation that encompasses all of ketamine's mechanisms of action; (b) calibration of optimal dosage to ensure induction and maintenance of high entropy brain states during each ketamine session utilizing EEG measurement; (c) Improved management of emergence side effects through proper care for set and setting; (d) inclusion of pre-selected appropriate music to enhance the emotional experience; (e) increased monitoring of ketamine effects on cortical activity, inter-hemispheric imbalance, and inflammation-related levels of cytokines to further improvements in ketamine protocols; and (f) appropriate timing of any adjunctive psychotherapy sessions to coincide with peak neurogenesis at 24–48 h post ketamine treatment.

Effects of Herbal Medicines on Pain Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Luo ◽  
Chong-Zhi Wang ◽  
Richard Sawadogo ◽  
Ting Tan ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Chinese Medicine Theory ◽  
Aconitum Carmichaeli

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience in many diseases and is often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. Pain negatively affects the quality of life and increases high health expenditures. Drugs with analgesic properties are commonly used to relieve pain, but these Western medications could be overwhelmed by side effects including tolerance and addiction. Herbal medicines may provide alternative measures for pain management. In this review paper, after introduction of Chinese medicine theory and treatment modality, emphasis is placed on the application of Chinese herbs and herbal formulations in pain management. Three of the most commonly used herbs, i.e., Corydalis yanhusuo, Ligusticum chuanxiong, and Aconitum carmichaeli, are reviewed. Subsequently, using this ancient medical remedy, Chinese herbal formulation in treating common medical conditions associated with pain, such as headache/migraine, chest pain, abdominal pain, low back pain, neuropathic pain, osteoarthritis, and cancer pain, is presented. Chinese herbal medicines could be considered as a complementary and integrative approach in the modern armamentarium in combating pain.

scholarly journals An Integrative Approach to Analyze Eeg Signals and Human Brain Dynamics in Different Cognitive States

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jonathan (Joshua) Davis ◽  
Chin-Teng Lin ◽  
Grant Gillett ◽  
Robert Kozma
Keyword(s):  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Electroencephalograph (EEG) data provide insight into the interconnections and relationships between various cognitive states and their corresponding brain dynamics, by demonstrating dynamic connections between brain regions at different frequency bands. While sensory input tends to stimulate neural activity in different frequency bands, peaceful states of being and self-induced meditation tend to produce activity in the mid-range (Alpha). These studies were conducted with the aim of: (a) testing different equipment in order to assess two (2) different EEG technologies together with their benefits and limitations and (b) having an initial impression of different brain states associated with different experimental modalities and tasks, by analyzing the spatial and temporal power spectrum and applying our movie making methodology to engage in qualitative exploration via the art of encephalography. This study complements our previous study of measuring multichannel EEG brain dynamics using MINDO48 equipment associated with three experimental modalities measured both in the laboratory and the natural environment. Together with Hilbert analysis, we conjecture, the results will provide us with the tools to engage in more complex brain dynamics and mental states, such as Meditation, Mathematical Audio Lectures, Music Induced Meditation, and Mental Arithmetic Exercises. This paper focuses on open eye and closed eye conditions, as well as meditation states in laboratory conditions. We assess similarities and differences between experimental modalities and their associated brain states as well as differences between the different tools for analysis and equipment.

Understanding environmentally sensitive consumer behaviour: an integrative research perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naz Onel ◽  
Avinandan Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Environmental Behaviours

Purpose – The potential underlying causal factors of environmental behaviours have been examined from various theoretical angles by mostly focusing on individual motivations in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model based on an integrative approach to better understand eco-sensitive consumer behaviours and their predictors. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews distinct theoretical approaches and, based on the integrative perspective, develops a model using the framework of the goal framing theory (GFT). Findings – On the basis of the GFT, the authors propose that 12 variables influence the pro-environmental behaviours of consumers: biospheric values, egoistic values, altruistic values, environmental concern, awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, subjective norms, attitudes towards behaviour, perceived behavioural control, personal norms, affect, and behavioural intention. Furthermore, the authors categorize environmental behaviours based on three different stages of the consumption process of consumers: purchase, usage, and post-use. Originality/value – The proposed model will offer future studies a holistic understanding of the factors that predict environmentally sensitive behaviours of consumers and the extent to which such behaviours depend on moral considerations, feelings, or self-interest motives.

Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy and Myofunctional Devices Used in Speech Pathology Treatment: A Systematic Quantitative Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
Hollie-Ann L. Shortland ◽  
Sally Hewat ◽  
Anne Vertigan ◽  
Gwendalyn Webb
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Myofunctional Therapy ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Purpose A growing number of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are using orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) and/or myofunctional devices (MDs) in the treatment of their clients. However, governing bodies suggest SLPs carefully consider the availability and quality of evidence in the utilization of these therapies in speech-language pathology treatment. The purpose of this study was to review the existing evidence for OMT and MDs used by SLPs. Method A systematic quantitative review was conducted using key search terms in three electronic platforms housing multiple databases, along with a hand search, to identify additional literature. All studies published in English in full text were included if they reported pre- and posttreatment data of OMT and/or MDs provided by an SLP. Data were extracted and analyzed by the first author and confirmed by the co-authors. Results Twenty-eight studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Two thirds were published in the last decade and involved the use of OMT/MDs targeting multiple areas of speech pathology intervention within the same study, that is, swallowing, breathing, oral hygiene, and speech production. Majority of studies were rated as low level of evidence. All studies used OMT, with very few using MDs. While the assessment, treatment protocols, and outcome measures were highly variable, all of the studies reported an improvement in the function of the orofacial systems posttreatment. Few studies reported long-term follow-up data. Almost half of the studies recommended the use of OMT/MDs in a multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary team or in conjunction with other therapy. Conclusions There has been an increase in literature over the last decade in SLPs' use of OMT; however, there are only a small number of studies to date that explore the use of MDs. There is a growing body of evidence to support the use of OMT and MDs within a multidisciplinary team for people with communication and swallow difficulties. However, development of future research should consider investigating assessment and outcome measures, optimal dosage, and service delivery.

An Integrative Approach to Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Sy-Cherng Woon ◽  
Anita Kanapathy ◽  
Hazli Zakaria ◽  
César A. Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

A multidimensional and integrative approach to study global digital divide and e-government development

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Alan Collier ◽  
Hepu Deng
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Global Digital Divide ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
Government Development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the digital divide on e-government development. Design/methodology/approach – The study takes a multidimensional and integrative approach in order to examine the various ways in which different contextual factors affecting the digital divide (i.e. economic, social, political, demographic, cultural and ICT infrastructure) interact to influence e-government development. To test the hypotheses, authors perform a correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. Findings – After analysing several global data sets such as those of the World Bank and the United Nations, the study finds that the digital divide is a multidimensional construct that has a significant impact on e-government development in various ways. In contrast to the consensus view of a correlation existing between economic status on the one hand, and the digital divide and e-government development on the other, this study finds that economic status is not a significant predictor of the digital divide or e-government development. Practical implications – The findings should help inform public policy makers when developing strategies to deal with issues of the digital divide and e-government development by encouraging analysis in a holistic and integrative way. Simply addressing the digital divide alone is unlikely to be sufficient to stimulate an increase in the uptake of e-government. Moreover, our model helps identify areas of strengths as well as weaknesses for improvement. Originality/value – The authors develop a multidimensional and integrative research model to study the digital divide and e-government development and the relationship between the two, and validate the model through systematically testing it with empirical data. This study is among the first to take such an approach.

scholarly journals An integrative approach to mosquito dynamics reveals differences in people's everyday experiences of mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle V Evans ◽  
Siddharth Bhatnagar ◽  
John M. Drake ◽  
Courtney C. Murdock ◽  
Shomen Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscapes ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Sketch Maps ◽  
Everyday Experiences

Urban environments are heterogeneous landscapes of social and environmental features, with important consequences for human-nature entanglements, such as that of mosquito-borne disease. Investigations into this intra-urban heterogeneity in mosquito dynamics find conflicting results, likely due to the complex socio-ecological interactions and the importance of place-based context. Integrative research, which synthesizes multiple disciplines and epistemologies, can help place ecological results into their social context to explore these place-based differences. Here, we develop an integrative approach to understanding spatial patterns of mosquito burdens in urban systems by combining entomological surveys, semi-structured interviews, and sketch maps. Although we found no evidence for a difference in mosquito abundance across an urban gradient, there were differences in individuals' everyday experiences with mosquitoes. These differences were mediated by how individuals moved through public space and their vulnerability to hazards in these spaces. This example of integrative research illustrates what can be gained from the inclusion of multiple epistemologies, particularly for research in socio-ecological systems.

Risperidone: Review and Assessment of Its Role in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex A Cardoni
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Antipsychotic Agent ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Comparative Review

Objective: To review pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, therapeutic, and safety information for the antipsychotic agent risperidone and to evaluate its place in the treatment of schizophrenia. Data Sources: MEDLINE and Exerpta Medica databases; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Food and Drug Administration Psychopharmacology Advisory Committee; PJB Publications; published articles and abstracts; unpublished research reports and abstracts. Study Selection: In vivo animal studies (pharmacology); volunteer studies (pharmacokinetics); clinical case reports, open clinical studies, and controlled clinical studies (clinical efficacy and adverse effects; long-term studies; studies in special populations. Data Extraction: Relevant data were extracted from published and unpublished source documents, evaluated, and summarized in tables for comparative review. Abstracts were used in 6 of 8 pharmacokinetic studies, 4 of 8 open clinical studies, and 2 of 9 controlled clinical studies. Use of abstracts limits the extent of data extracted. Data Synthesis: Risperidone is an effective treatment for positive symptoms of schizophrenia and may be effective for negative symptoms. Efficacy in treatment-resistant patients is inconclusive. In patients in whom low-to-moderate dosage is effective, there should be fewer and less severe adverse effects with risperidone than with haloperidol. Optimal dosage for schizophrenia appears to be 6 mg/d. Although data are limited, risperidone may be toxic on overdose. Conclusions: Risperidone is a useful addition to the antipsychotic drug armamentarium, but it should not be viewed as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It is reasonable to consider a trial of risperidone in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients prior to the use of clozapine and as a first-line treatment for newly diagnosed patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pharmacopuncture, Aquapuncture and Acepromazine for Sedation of Horses

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelio P. L. Luna ◽  
Ana L. Angeli ◽  
Cristiane L. Ferreira ◽  
Vivien Lettry ◽  
Márcia Scognamillo-Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Conventional Dose ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Double Blind Design

Pharmacopuncture, the injection of subclinical doses of drugs into acupoints reduces drug undesirable side effects, residues in animal consumption products and treatment costs in large animals. Acepromazine (Acp) produces several undesirable effects, such as hypotension. Previous studies with the injection of 1/10 of Acp dose in dog acupoints showed its advantage for sedation, minimizing undesirable effects. Eight horses were randomly submitted to four different treatment protocols according to a Latin Square double-blind design: (i) 0.1 ml kg−1of saline subcutaneously injected at the cervical region, (ii) 0.1 mg kg−1of Acp injected subcutaneously at the cervical region, (iii) 0.01 ml kg−1of saline injected into GV1 acupoint (aquapuncture) and (iv) 0.01 mg kg−1of Acp injected into GV1 acupoint (pharmacopuncture). Heart rate, respiratory rate, head height and degree of sedation were measured before and at 30, 60 and 90 min after treatments. Signs of sedation were observed in all treated groups at 30 min and only in 1/10Acp-GV1 at 60 min after the treatments. Only the group treated with 0.1 mg kg−1of Acp s.c. had significantly lower values of head height at 30 min. Respiratory rate tended to reduce in all groups but was significantly lower only in horses treated with 0.1 mg kg−1of Acp s.c. Heart rate remained unchanged in all groups. Acp-pharmacopuncture on GV1 in horses produced a mild sedation when compared with the conventional dose of Acp. More investigations are necessary to determine the optimal dosage of Acp-pharmacopuncture for sedation in horses.

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