scholarly journals Serine/Glycine Lipid Recovery in Lipid Extracts From Healthy and Diseased Dental Samples: Relationship to Chronic Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Nichols ◽  
Kruttika Bhuse ◽  
Robert B. Clark ◽  
Anthony A. Provatas ◽  
Elena Carrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Lipid Class ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tlr2 Activation ◽  
Bacteroidetes Phylum ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Subgingival Calculus

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease but the identity of the TLR2 agonists has been an evolving story. The serine/glycine lipids produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis are reported to engage human TLR2 and will promote the production of potent pro-inflammatory cytokines. This investigation compared the recovery of serine/glycine lipids in periodontal organisms, teeth, subgingival calculus, subgingival plaque, and gingival tissues, either from healthy sites or periodontally diseased sites. Lipids were extracted using the phospholipid extraction procedure of Bligh and Dyer and were analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for all serine/glycine lipid classes identified to date in P. gingivalis. Two serine/glycine lipid classes, Lipid 567 and Lipid 1256, were the dominant serine/glycine lipids recovered from oral Bacteroidetes bacteria and from subgingival calculus samples or diseased teeth. Lipid 1256 was the most abundant serine/glycine lipid class in lipid extracts from P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia whereas Lipid 567 was the most abundant serine/glycine lipid class recovered in Capnocytophaga species and Porphyromonas endodontalis. Serine/glycine lipids were not detected in lipid extracts from Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, or Fusobacterium nucleatum. Lipid 1256 was detected more frequently and at a significantly higher mean level in periodontitis tissue samples compared with healthy/gingivitis tissue samples. By contrast, Lipid 567 levels were essentially identical. This report shows that members of the Bacteroidetes phylum common to periodontal disease sites produce Lipid 567 and Lipid 1256, and these lipids are prevalent in lipid extracts from subgingival calculus and from periodontally diseased teeth and diseased gingival tissues.

scholarly journals Association between colorectal cancer and Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis bacteria in Iranian patients: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Shariati ◽  
Shabnam Razavi ◽  
Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad ◽  
Behnaz Jahanbin ◽  
Abolfazl Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Adjacent Normal Mucosa ◽  
Iranian Patients

Abstract Background and aim Recent studies have proposed that commensal bacteria might be involved in the development and progression of gastrointestinal disorders such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, in this study, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in CRC tissues, and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics of CRC was investigated in Iranian patients. Moreover, the role of these bacteria in the CRC-associated mutations including PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF was studied. Method To these ends, the noted bacteria were quantified in paired tumors and normal tissue specimens of 30 CRC patients, by TaqMan quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Next, possible correlations between clinicopathologic factors and mutations in PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF genes were analyzed. Results In studied samples, B. fragilis was the most abundant bacteria that was detected in 66 and 60% of paired tumor and normal samples, respectively. Furthermore, 15% of the B. fragilis-positive patients were infected with Enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) in both adenocarcinoma and matched adjacent normal samples. F. nucleatum was also identified in 23% of tumors and 13% of adjacent normal tissue samples. Moreover, the relative abundance of these bacteria determined by 2-ΔCT was significantly higher in CRC samples than in adjacent normal mucosa (p < 0.05). On the other hand, our findings indicated that S. gallolyticus and EPEC, compared to adjacent normal mucosa, were not prevalent in CRC tissues. Finally, our results revealed a correlation between F. nucleatum-positive patients and the KRAS mutation (p = 0.02), while analyses did not show any association between bacteria and mutation in PIK3CA and BRAF genes. Conclusion The present study is the first report on the analysis of different bacteria in CRC tissue samples of Iranian patients. Our findings revealed that F. nucleatum and B. fragilis might be linked to CRC. However, any link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and CRC remains unknown.

scholarly journals Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle W. MacDonald ◽  
Ryan M. Chanyi ◽  
Jean M. Macklaim ◽  
Peter A. Cadieux ◽  
Gregor Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Whole Cell Lysate

Abstract Background Periodontal disease represents a major health concern. The administration of beneficial microbes has been increasing in popularity over efforts to manipulate the microbes using antimicrobial agents. This study determined the ability of Streptococcus salivarius to inhibit IL-6 and IL-8 production by gingival fibroblasts when activated by periodontal pathogens and their effect on the salivary microbiome. Methods Primary human gingival fibroblasts were challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum and a combination of all three. IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release were measured. Using this same model, S. salivarius K12, M18 and different supernatant and whole-cell lysate fractions of S. salivarius K12 were administered to pathogen-induced fibroblasts. A patient study of healthy participants was also conducted to determine the effect S. salivarius K12 had on the native microbiome using 16S next generation sequence analysis. Results All pathogens tested induced a significant IL-6 and IL-8 response. S. salivarius K12 or M18, did not exhibit an increase in inflammatory cytokines. When either of the probiotic strains were co-administered with a pathogen, there were significant reductions in both IL-6 and IL-8 release. This effect was also observed when gingival fibroblasts were pre-treated with either S. salivarius K12 or M18 and then stimulated with the oral pathogens. Chewing gum containing S. salivarius K12 did not alter the salivary microbiome and did not increase inflammatory markers in the oral cavity. Conclusion S. salivarius K12 and M18 prevented immune activation induced by periodontal disease pathogens. S. salivarius K12 did not alter the salivary microbiome or induce immune activation when administered as a chewing gum. These results warrant further study to determine if it may be an effective treatment in a model of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Immunological Pathways Triggered byPorphyromonas gingivalisandFusobacterium nucleatum: Therapeutic Possibilities?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kívia Queiroz de Andrade ◽  
Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva ◽  
Robson Coutinho-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Survival Studies

Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) andFusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide.P. gingivalisandF. nucleatumpossess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host’s immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved in the induction of periodontitis. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its effector molecules (IL-1βand caspase-1) play roles in the development of periodontitis. We and others have reported that the purinergic P2X7 receptor plays a role in the modulation of periodontal disease and intracellular pathogen control. Caspase-4/5 (in humans) and caspase-11 (in mice) are important effectors for combating bacterial pathogens via mediation of cell death and IL-1βrelease. The exact molecular events of the host’s response to these bacteria are not fully understood. Here, we review innate and adaptive immune responses induced byP. gingivalisandF. nucleatuminfections and discuss the possibility of manipulations of the immune response as therapeutic strategies. Given the global burden of periodontitis, it is important to develop therapeutic targets for the prophylaxis of periodontopathogen infections.

scholarly journals Could Periodontal Disease through Periopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum Be an Aggravating Factor for Gastric Cancer?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3885
Author(s):  
Petra Șurlin ◽  
Flavia Mirela Nicolae ◽  
Valeriu Marin Șurlin ◽  
Ștefan Pătrașcu ◽  
Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Periodontal disease affects the supporting tissues of the teeth, being a chronic inflammatory disease caused by specific microorganisms from subgingival biofilm. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that acts as a periodontal pathogen, being an important factor in linking Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the periodontal biofilm, but its involvement in systemic diseases has also been found. Several studies regarding the implication of Fusobacterium nucleatum in gastro-enterological cancers have been conducted. The present review aims to update and systematize the latest information about Fusobacterium nucleatum in order to evaluate the possibility of an association between periodontal disease and the evolution of gastroenterological cancers through the action of Fusobacterium nucleatum, highlighting gastric cancer. This would motivate future research on the negative influence of periodontal pathology on the evolution of gastric cancer in patients suffering from both pathologies.

scholarly journals Osteomyelitis of the Distal Phalanx of the Thumb due to Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuya Iwasaki ◽  
Masanori Kawano ◽  
Yuta Kubota ◽  
Ichiro Itonaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Distal Phalanx ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Parvimonas Micra

Abstract We herein report a case of osteomyelitis of the distal phalanx of the thumb of a 55-year-old man caused by Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Osteomyelitis often occurs in long bones and rarely occurs in the bones of the fingers. In addition, osteomyelitis of the finger frequently occurs after trauma or surgery, and blood-borne infection is very rare. P. micra and F. nucleatum, normal flora of the oral cavity, are very rare pathogenic bacteria of osteomyelitis except in periodontal disease, and there are no previous reports regarding the occurrence of osteomyelitis due to P. micra and F. nucleatum in the finger bones.

scholarly journals β-Glucanase Activity of the Oral Bacterium Tannerella forsythia Contributes to the Growth of a Partner Species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, in Cobiofilms

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyonobu Honma ◽  
Angela Ruscitto ◽  
Ashu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Oral Bacterium

ABSTRACTTannerella forsythiaandFusobacterium nucleatumare dental plaque bacteria implicated in the development of periodontitis. These two species have been shown to form synergistic biofilms and have been found to be closely associated in dental plaque biofilms. A number of genetic loci for TonB-dependent membrane receptors (TDR) for glycan acquisition, with many existing in association with genes coding for enzymes involved in the breakdown of complex glycans, have been identified inT. forsythia. In this study, we focused on a locus, BFO_0186-BFO_0188, that codes for a predicted TDR-SusD transporter along with a putative β-glucan hydrolyzing enzyme (BFO_0186). This operon is located immediately downstream of a 2-gene operon that codes for a putative stress-responsive extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor and an anti-sigma factor. Here, we show that BFO_0186 expresses a β-glucanase that cleaves glucans with β-1,6 and β-1,3 linkages. Furthermore, the BFO_0186-BFO_0188 locus is upregulated, with an induction of β-glucanase activity, in cobiofilms ofT. forsythiaandF. nucleatum. The β-glucanase activity in mixed biofilms in turn leads to an enhanced hydrolysis of β-glucans and release of glucose monomers and oligomers as nutrients forF. nucleatum. In summary, our study highlights the role ofT. forsythiaβ-glucanase expressed by the asaccharolytic oral bacteriumT. forsythiain the development ofT. forsythia-F. nucleatummixed species biofilms, and suggest that dietary β-glucans might contribute in plaque development and periodontal disease pathogenesis.IMPORTANCEThe development of dental plaque biofilm is a complex process in which metabolic, chemical and physical interactions between bacteria take a central role. Previous studies have shown that the dental pathogensT. forsythiaandF. nucleatumform synergistic biofilms and are closely associated in human dental plaque. In this study, we show that β-glucanase from the periodontal pathogenT. forsythiaplays a role in the formation ofT. forsythia-F. nucleatumcobiofilms by hydrolyzing β-glucans to glucose as a nutrient. We also unveiled that the expression ofT. forsythiaβ-glucanase is induced in response toF. nucleatumsensing. This study highlights the involvement of β-glucanase activity in the development ofT. forsythia-F. nucleatumbiofilms and suggests that intake of dietary β-glucans might be a contributing risk factor in plaque development and periodontal disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals MICRO BIOLOGY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE- A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jageer Chinna ◽  
Jannat Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Campylobacter Rectus ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory and destructive diseases of the dentogingival complex associated with specific periodontal pathogens inhabiting periodontal pockets. Periodontal diseases lead to damage of the periodontal tissues supporting the teeth (bone and connective tissue) and affect the quality of life of the affected individuals: poor alimentation, tooth loss, social and financial problems. Although it is generally considered that the disease has multifactorial etiology, data show that some specific Gram-negative microorganisms in the subgingival plaque biofilm play a major role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia form a consortium in the subgingival biofilm and are regarded as the principal periodontopathogenic bacteria. Other microorganisms that have been implicated as predominant species in the disease process are: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus migros, Eikenella corrodens. In periodontitis, the initiation of the disease is the colonization of the tissues by these pathogenic species. The next step is bacterial invasion or invasion by pathogenic products into the periodontal tissues, interactions of bacteria or their substances with host cells, and this directly/indirectly causes degradation of the periodontium, resulting in tissue destruction. Keywords: periodontal disease, periodontal pathogens, microbiology.

scholarly journals Comprehensive and quantitative analysis of white and brown adipose tissue by shotgun lipidomics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Grzybek ◽  
Alessandra Palladini ◽  
Vasileia I Alexaki ◽  
Michal A. Surma ◽  
Kai Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Shotgun Lipidomics ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Good Coverage ◽  
Phospholipid Species

AbstractShotgun lipidomics enables an extensive analysis of lipids from tissues and fluids. Each specimen requires appropriate extraction and processing procedures to ensure good coverage and reproducible quantification of the lipidome. Adipose tissue (AT) has become a research focus with regard to its involvement in obesity-related pathologies. However, the quantification of the AT lipidome is particularly challenging due to the predominance of triacylglycerides, which elicit high ion suppression of the remaining lipid classes. We present a new and validated method for shotgun lipidomics of AT, which tailors the lipid extraction procedure to the target specimen and features high reproducibility with a linear dynamic range of at least 4 orders of magnitude for all lipid classes. Utilizing this method, we observed tissue-specific and diet-related differences in three AT types (brown, gonadal, inguinal subcutaneous) from lean and obese mice. Brown AT exhibited a distinct lipidomic profile with the greatest lipid class diversity and responded to high-fat diet by altering its lipid composition, which shifted towards that of white AT. Moreover, diet-induced obesity promoted an overall remodelling of the lipidome, where all three AT types featured a significant increase in longer and more unsaturated triacylglyceride and phospholipid species.The here presented method facilitates reproducible systematic lipidomic profiling of AT and could be integrated with further –omics approaches used in (pre-)clinical research, in order to advance the understanding of the molecular metabolic dynamics involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders.

scholarly journals Residue of ochratoxin a in chicken tissues-risk assessment

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
Milijan Jovanovic ◽  
Vesna Matekalo-Sverak ◽  
Tatjana Radicevic ◽  
Milan Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Chicken Tissues ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Background: Toxicological investigations of tissues of normally slaughtered chickens were carried out to provide preliminary evaluation of the incidence of OTA in chicken tissues (n=90). Majority of tissue samples were not found to contain measurable amounts of OTA, while in general, the OTA levels found in the analyzed tissue were low. Methods: The presence of OTA in tissue samples was determined by HPLC-FL after liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Method validation was performed according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Results: Of the 90 liver, kidney and gizzard samples originating from chicken farms located in the different agricultural areas of Serbia, OTA was reported in 23 (38.33%), 17 (28.3%) and 16 (26.6%) samples, respectively, with levels ranging from 0.14 to 3.9 ng/g in liver, 0.1 to 7.02 ng/g in kidneys and 0.25 to 9.94 ng/g in gizzard. None of the tissue samples contained more than the maximum level (10 ng/g) recommended by the European Commission. Conclusion: Low OTA results also suggested that chicken meat available in the retail market is unlikely to pose an adverse health risk to the consumers in respect to OTA toxicity.

scholarly journals An Overview of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases in 12 to 15 years using Gingivitis and Periodontitis Site Prevalence Index (WHO, 1978)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Anand Shigli ◽  
Shobha D Deshpande ◽  
PV Ravindranath Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Prevalence Index ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Subgingival Calculus

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to overview the gingival and periodontal disease in children and adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in Belgaum city. Visible plaque, gingival bleeding, supragingival and subgingival calculus and periodontal pockets were measured. Examination of buccal, lingual and mesial areas of each tooth was recorded sequentially in both arches using Gingivitis and Periodontitis Site Prevalence Index (WHO, 1978). The prevalence of gingival and periodontal disease was more in males than females and in Hindu population compared to others. The sites affected by gingivitis and periodontitis increased with the age. Periodontal problems were significantly more prevalent in patients with betel nut chewing habit. Visible plaque was most common while periodontal pockets were least common in the adolescents. Age, socioeconomic status, brushing habits and brushing frequency did not affect much to the prevalence of sites of gingivitis and periodontal disease. It was concluded that early diagnosis and preventive measures would surely reduce the growing problem of gingival and periodontal diseases among the children and adolescents.

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