scholarly journals Pedestrian Motor Vehicle Accidents and Fatalities in Botswana-An Epidemiological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuso Mphela ◽  
Thamani Mokoka ◽  
Kefalotse Dithole
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road User ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
Traffic Law Enforcement

According to WHO, more than 300,000 pedestrian deaths were recorded globally, accounting for 22% of total road user fatalities in 2019. In 2017, Botswana pedestrian fatalities were considerably high at 32% of the total road accident fatalities recorded. This paper investigated causes, distribution, risk, and offers potential solutions to pedestrian accidents and fatalities in Botswana. Secondary data extracted from different sources were analyzed through descriptive statistics and stepwise regression modeling was performed to determine significant explanators of pedestrian fatalities. The results show that the “car” vehicle type is responsible for 55% of pedestrian collisions. There is a higher chance of pedestrian fatality when collision is with a lorry with a trailer. On the other hand, driver negligence is also blamed for 55% of pedestrian accidents. Ninety percent (90%) of pedestrian fatalities happen away from road junctions. Truck, fuel imports and nighttime accidents were identified as significant regressors for pedestrian fatalities. Overall, pedestrians are six times more likely to perish in a collision than their counterparts. Adopting sustainable road infrastructure patterns that promote pedestrian safety will foster mode split. Improving road lighting and infusing pedestrian safety into driver training curriculum, while strengthening road traffic law enforcement, will lead to improved pedestrian safety. Future studies should disaggregate pedestrian safety analysis to account for location-specific variations.

scholarly journals The impact of traffic law enforcement on road accident fatalities in Botswana

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuso Mphela
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Traffic Law ◽  
Traffic Law Enforcement ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

Botswana has one of the highest rates of increase in road traffic accidents and fatalities in the world. The amendment of road laws came with stricter penalties for road offences which included higher fines and longer jail terms. This study uses multiple regression analysis subjecting variables to backward stepwise regression with a view to assessing the impact traffic law enforcement has had on fatalities in Botswana after the review of the Traffic Act of Botswana in 2008. The study uses secondary data and interview data obtained from law enforcers. The findings reveal that the enforcement of the new road laws has achieved little in the reduction of fatalities. Increasing the minimum driver licensing age may be a panacea to road accidents. Licensed drivers in the age group 30 to 45 years have the lowest rate of fatalities. The study questions the ability of punitive policies (i.e. road fines) to reduce fatalities. It offers that driver behaviour should be studied to come up with relevant policies.

scholarly journals Improper Driver Action as a Cause of Road Accidents / Niewłaściwe Działania Kierowców Jako Przyczyna Powstawania Zdarzeń Drogowych

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Łukasz Muślewski
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Proper Estimation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Road traffic is inseparably connected with road accident. This is the human-driver whose role in the transportation process safety is of key importance. Driving a motor vehicle requires from the driver not only knowledge but also physical and psychical fitness. They need to have the ability of quick reaction, proper estimation of the road situation and doing maneuvers adequate to it. In this study, an assessment of the impact of improper behaviors of drivers on occurrence of road collisions and accidents, has been analyzed on the basis of literature analysis and the authors’ own research. In effect of the carried out tests there has been made a classification of the road events with a division into: cause, place, date, and time of their occurrence as well as drivers’ age and their driving experience. The whole study has been performed on the basis of a real transportation company, operating on the territory of an urban agglomeration with the population of 500 inhabitants.

The Role of Placental Locations on Fetus Mortality in Road Traffic Accidents

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Moustafa ◽  
B. Serpil Acar ◽  
Memis Acar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Multi Body

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible role of placental location on the risk of placental abruption in road traffic accidents involving a pregnant driver. Placental abruption accounts for around 50–70% of fetal deaths in motor vehicle accidents. The computational pregnant occupant model, ‘Expecting’, which has a multi-body fetus and a finite element uterus model was developed at Loughborough University and is used in this investigation. The placenta is located in the upper region of the uterus near the fundus in ‘Expecting’. Four locations for the placenta; anterior, posterior, lateral left, lateral right cases are modelled and used in simulations in this study. These models are used to simulate a range of frontal impacts of severity 15 kph and 30 kph. Three cases of occupant restraint: three-point seatbelt with an airbag, three-point seatbelt only and airbag only conditions are investigated. The maximum strains developed in the uterus and utero-placental interface (UPI) have been estimated and compared for these scenarios in order to investigate placental abruption that leads to fetal loss. Placenta located at anterior position is found to be at higher risk than other positions considered.

scholarly journals Analysis of Road Traffic Safety in Minna Niger State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo Owolabi Oyetubo ◽  
Oluwaseyi Joseph Afolabi ◽  
Muhammed Etudaiye Ohida
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

AbstractRoad traffic accident is one of the major causes of death in Nigeria. Road accidents have taken away so many lives in Nigeria today that hardly does any single disease match its mortality prowess. People have died prematurely and properties worth several millions of Naira have been lost as a result of road traffic accident. This paper gives a full discussion on road traffic safety issues and the methodology used were through the collection of data using questionnaire and accident information from the Nigeria Police Force, FRSC etc. The primary information for this research was sourced through the use of structured questionnaire, personal observation and interviews of road users in the study area. Secondary data emanated from published and unpublished sources such as government records, internet, journals, books etc. The findings were presented in descriptive and inferential form using frequencies, percentages, tables, mean and chi-square analytical techniques. The findings from the study revealed among many others; that Male involved more in road accident compare to female counterpart in Minna Niger State. Private car had more accident compare to Taxi, The number of accident in each zone does not depend on the population of that zone, etc.

Epidemiological profile and pattern of injuries in road traffic accidents in Moradabad: A prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
MohdAmjad Bhat ◽  
Sarvjit Singh Sandhu ◽  
Pardeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Lacerated Wound ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Integrated Facility ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: In many countries, motor vehicle accidents rank first among all fatal accidents. RTAs have got multi-factorial causation. It is a part of the price we pay for our technological progress. Regional differences exist in the pattern of injury sustained by different types of road users that can have significant implications in the development of prevention policies. The objective of the Study: To understand the profile and pattern of injuries sustained and circumstances leading to RTAs in and around Moradabad, U.P. Materials and Methods: After ethical clearance for the study, all RTA victims presenting to the Casualty of TMU Moradabad, U.P. were taken for this study. All relevant details of RTIs were recorded and data collected, entered on a predesigned proforma and then tabulated, analyzed and interpreted statistically. Results: Out of 730 patients included in this study, most common victims were pedestrians (33.01%), most common site of injury was head (86.71%), most common external injury was lacerated wound (46.75%), and intoxication was seen in 24.11%, protective/safety measures used by 10.23%. Conclusion: RTAs continue to be a speedily rising problem, causing heavy loss of manpower and resources. Road users should be properly trained by authorized centers; driving licenses should be issued after strict testing of driving skills. Trauma centers with integrated facility of surgical, orthopedic, neurosurgical, anesthetic experts with modern investigative procedures like USG, CT-Scan and facility of blood-bank is the best solution for RTA victims who are severely injured.

Evaluation Of Major Causes Of Road Accidents Along North–East Highway, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arafat Suleiman Yero ◽  
Tijanni Y Ahmed ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Road Users

A major road link in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria is the Bauchi – Maiduguri highway that is a 425 km road that links a section of the north east region to other regions of Nigeria. The goods and services to the region are basically transported by road.  This has increased vehicular traffic that resulted in increased road accident rates over the years.  It is paramount to investigate the major causes of vehicle accidents on this highway as much has not been done to investigate accident cases on the route. The five year accident record on that route was obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corp of Nigeria,   the Nigeria Police traffic unit, and the Nigeria union of road traffic workers. The study indicated that speed violation by drivers and bad road conditions contributes greatly in the rate of accidents along the route. Hence the study recommends better road maintenance culture and more sensitization of the road users and enforcement of speed limits.

Social Implications of Driver Disqualification: Reality and Road Traffic Laws

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Legal Sanction ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Probability

MOTOR vehicle accidents constitute one of the major health hazards in urban societies, and it has been widely argued that some drivers are worse accident risks than others due to factors such as personality, attitude or lack of ability. On this basis, it is reasonably tempting to suggest that the accident problem can best be solved by removing the unsafe motorist from the driver population. The present paper explores the legal sanction of driver disqualification in terms of its deterrent effects, and some social factors which limit these effects. In particular, four types of factors are examined which limit the effectiveness of this sanction: the low probability of apprehension of disqualified driving offenders; the uncertainty and inconsistency of punishment of these offenders; the attractiveness of this unlawful behaviour; and the inadequacy of alternatives to the unlawful behaviour. After consideration of these factors, it is evident that the penalty of licence suspension can have at best a minimal effect on road safety, and it is suggested that there is a need for a re-examination of the rationale underlying present traffic laws and penalties given the social value placed on motor vehicle operation.

scholarly journals The Pattern of Facial Injury among Foreign Travelers in Bali: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 988-993
Author(s):  
Nyoman P. Riasa ◽  
Ardhy Parama ◽  
Putu Indah Budiapsari ◽  
Desak Putu Oki Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Facial Fracture ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Midfacial Fracture ◽  
Nasal Region

BACKGROUND: Injury, especially road traffic accident caused injury, was the most cause of death in international traveler worldwide. Estimated more than 1 million people deaths and become disability after injury. Facial fracture was the most common injury in plastic surgery division among international traveler. AIM: This study is aimed to describe the pattern of facial fracture among foreign travelers in Bali to provide prompt prevention and treatment. METHODS: The retrospective study was did using the medical record, imaging analysis including computed tomographies and conventional radiographs of 126 cases of facial fracture from the period of January 2009 to September 2012. The patterns of facial fractures were divided into four main categories of craniofacial, maxillofacial, nasal, and mandibulofacial. RESULTS: The result showed that fractures involving nasal region were the most common (n = 65, 51.6%) followed by midface region (n = 58, 46.0%), craniofacial (n = 50, 39.7%), and mandibulofacial (n = 20, 15.9%), respectively. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded, nasal fracture and midfacial fracture were the most common type of facial fracture with the major cause of motor vehicle accidents.

scholarly journals The financial burden of national road infrastructure and the equity thereof: A South African perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Brits
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Road User ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Trends

Economic activities in South Africa during the past decade have caused, inter alia, road traffic congestion to accelerate annually and road infrastructure to deteriorate rapidly. Motor vehicle sales, correlated with economic trends and the economic empowerment of citizens, have and still are increasing at a faster rate than the supply of necessary infrastructure. As such, congestion, especially in the Gauteng area, has reached unacceptable levels during peak hours, necessitating the upgrading and continual maintenance of these roads and other national roads. The financial burden of upgrading and maintaining road infrastructure is enormous and, although the South African government makes contributions, an income from the road infrastructure is necessary to sustain quality infrastructure. However, a road-user paying approach, especially the structure thereof, should be acceptable to society in terms of economic efficiency and various means of equity. This article reviews the relevance of a road-user paying approach as applied in South Africa.

scholarly journals Comparison of physical and psychological health outcomes for motorcyclists and other road users after land transport crashes: an inception cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Sharwood ◽  
Annette Kifley ◽  
Ashley Craig ◽  
Bamini Gopinath ◽  
Jagnoor Jagnoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road User ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Road Users

Abstract Background: Serious injuries and fatalities among vulnerable road users on two wheeled motorised vehicles have increased across Australia and internationally in the past decade, yet fallen for motor vehicle occupants. Almost half of all reported motorcycle injury crashes cause serious injury or death, nearly double that of motor vehicle police-reported crashes. This study explores associations with sociodemographic and pre-injury health characteristics and health outcomes after a road traffic injury; aiming to compare motorcyclists with other road users and inform recovery care. Methods: An inception cohort study recruited 1854 individuals aged >17 years, injured following land-transport crashes in New South Wales, Australia (July 2013-November 2016). Interviews conducted at baseline, 6-and 12-months post-injury elicited demographic, socioeconomic, and self-reported health conditions. Results: 628 (33.9%) motorcyclists, 299 (16.1%) bicyclists and 927 (50%) vehicle occupants were recruited at baseline. Injury patterns differed significantly between groups; motorcyclist injuries were more likely lower extremity, more severe (p<0.001) and result in longer hospital stays (p<0.001). Injured motorcyclists were predominantly male (88.1%, p<0.001), were younger on average (38 years) than bicyclists (41.5 years), had lower income and education levels, and poorer pre-injury physical health than other road user groups. Despite these differences, at 12 months post-injury motorcyclists had better physical health and reported less pain than vehicle occupants. Motorcyclists displayed less evidence of psychological distress than vehicle occupants, but more than bicyclists across several measures used. Conclusions: Road user types differ in important characteristics, including pre-injury health status and recovery after injury, which influences health and recovery outcomes after land-transport crashes. This information could aid post-crash care, such as targeting early intervention strategies not only to injury types, but also to the type of road user, to improve long-term recovery.

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