scholarly journals Puberty: Your Brain on Hormones

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Kabotyanski ◽  
Leah H. Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

As humans grow from children into adults, they pass through a stage called adolescence. Adolescence is a time of major social, environmental, and biological change in a person’s life. The start of puberty, which often happens around the teenage years, is an important period of human physical and emotional development. In addition to the more obvious bodily changes that happen during this time, an adolescent’s brain also goes through changes that may not be as visible. These changes are directed by chemicals called hormones. Hormones help our bodies become taller, change shape, and even grow hair. Although hormones act on different parts of the body (like bones, muscles, or skin), several crucial hormones for puberty are actually made in the brain. Scientists are learning more about the ways hormones affect how the brain grows and changes, and in turn, the way that changes how you act and feel!

scholarly journals The Internal Senses in Nemesius, Plotinus and Galen: the Beginning of an Idea

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Faruque
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Localization Theory ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way

This study traces the notion of the internal senses in three ancient authors, namely Nemesius, Plotinus and Galen. It begins with Nemesius, and then by going backward ends with Galen. The textual evidence investigated in this study shows clearly that Galen, after acknowledging the Platonic tripartite soul, locates the various dunameis of the soul in the brain. The “localization” theory of Galen plays a crucial role in paving the way for the foundation of the internal senses, which both Plotinus and Nemesius adapted. Just as with the external senses one can locate various sense-organs in different parts of the body, viz., touch, smell, sight etc., so too with the internal senses, thanks to Galen, one is able to locate them in various organs of the body. Thus philosophers are able to explain the role of all these different (internal) senses in their account of sense-perception.

scholarly journals The brain as a fundamental axis in learning process

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Luis Raul Meza Mendoza ◽  
María Elena Moya Martinez ◽  
Angelica Maria Sabando Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional Scheme ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Learning Schemes ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
The Way

Since the beginning of humanity, an attempt has been made to explain the way in which man acquires knowledge, the way in which he assimilates, processes and executes it in order to develop the teaching-learning process that people need throughout of his life, which forces to change the learning schemes using new study methodologies, such as neuroscience, which is a discipline that studies the functioning of the brain, the relationship of neurons to the formation of synapses creating immediate responses which transmits to the body voluntarily and involuntarily, in addition to controlling the central and peripheral nervous system with their respective functions. It is necessary to change the traditional scheme and implement new strategies that allow the teacher to venture into neuroscience, in order to individually understand the different learning processes that students do. As some authors of neuroscience say, the brain performs processes of acquisition, storage and evocation of information, which form new knowledge schemes that generate changes in the attitude of the human being, for this reason teachers are responsible for taking advantage of what It is known about the multiple functions of the brain and be clear about the various ways of acquiring knowledge.

The Occurrence and Morphogenesis of Melanocytes in the Connective Tissues of the PET/MCV Mouse Strain1

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Stuart E. Nichols ◽  
Willie M. Reams
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Genital Apparatus ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Harderian Glands ◽  
Neural Crest Origin ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

Mammals, as a rule, are described as having melanocytes of neural crest origin confined almost entirely to the skin. Of the organs other than skin which have been described as possessing melanocytes are portions of the gonado-genital apparatus of the Opossum (Burns, 1939), and, in the house mouse, tissues of the nictitans, the meninges of the brain, the parathyroids, the thymus and harderian glands (Markert & Silvers, 1956), and the parathyroids of C58 mice (Dunn, 1949). The present investigation has been made in a strain of mice in which melanocytes are found in the connective tissues throughout much of the body. This strain originated several years ago in the Department of Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, from a cross between inbred C3H and black mice of unknown breed obtained from a local pet shop. Because of the latter circumstance, the line-bred progeny have been termed the PET/MCV strain.

scholarly journals AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E SEUS REFLEXOS NO MODO DE VIDA RIBEIRINHO NA COMUNIDADE MENINO DEUS EM PORTEL (PA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
Edinael Pinheiro Da Silva ◽  
Geovani Goncalves Farias ◽  
Odair José Aragão Alves
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way ◽  
Research Tools

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar de que maneira as políticas públicas permeiam o cotidiano dos ribeirinhos da Comunidade Menino Deus, bem como, indicar a relação existente entre ela e o modo de vida desses sujeitos. Desse modo, verificamos que as políticas públicas aplicadas nessa Comunidade são desarticuladas uma das outras, onde os órgãos responsáveis, não planejam e nem formulam suas ações de forma conjunta, muito menos garantem a participação desses sujeitos nos processos de elaboração e decisões das políticas públicas. Portanto, a análise desse processo deu-se por meio de observações realizadas na referida Comunidade, onde foi possível apreender os reflexos de tais políticas no modo de vida. Utilizou-se de aplicação de questionários e entrevistas com os moradores de Menino Deus, bem como, alguns instrumentos de pesquisa como fotos do espaço estudado e, posteriormente, a análise dos dados que são apresentados no corpo deste trabalho, facilitando o entendimento e a interpretação dos resultados. Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas; Modo de Vida Ribeirinho; Comunidade.   THE PUBLIC POLITICIES AND THEIR REFLEXES IN THE WAY OF LIFE OF THE RIVERSIDE DWELLERS IN THE MENINO DEUS COMMUNITY IN PORTEL (PA) Abstract The aim of this work is to identify and analyze how these public politicies permeat the daily lives of the Riverside dwellers from the Menino Deus Community, as well as explain the relationship that exixts between it and the way of living of those people. Even though, we have noticed  that the public politicies that were applied in that Community are disjointed fron the others, where the responsible bodies don’t plan, nor formulate their actions jointly and much less guarantee the participation of those individuals in the process of elaborations and decisions of the public politicies. Therefore, the analysis of that process was through observations made in the referred Community, where it was possible to learn the reflexes of such politicies in their way of living. It was used the application of a questionnaire and interviews with Menino Deus’ residentes, as well as, some research tools as pictures of the studied space and subsequentlyr, the analysis of the data that are presented in the body of this work, facilitates the understanding and the interpretation of the results. Word-keys: Public Politicies; Riverside dwellers; Way of Life; Community.   LAS POLITICAS PUBLICAS Y SUS REPERCUSION EN EL MODO DE VIDA RIBEREÑOS EN LA COMUNIDAD MENINO DEUS EM PORTEL (PA) Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar de qué manera las políticas públicas permean lo cotidiano de los ribereños de la Comunidad Menino Deus, bien como indicar la relación existente entre ella y el modo de vida de los comunarios. De ese modo, se verifico que las políticas públicas aplicadas en esa comunidad son desarticuladas unas con las otras donde los órganos responsables no planean ni formulan sus acciones de forma conjunta y mucho menos garanten la participación de los comunarios en los procesos de elaboración y decisiones de las políticas públicas. Por tanto, el análisis de ese proceso se dio por medio de observaciones realizadas en la mencionada comunidad, donde fue posible aprender los reflejos de tales políticas en el modo de vida. Se utilizaron aplicaciones de entrevistas con los moradores de Menino Deus, así como algunos instrumentos de investigación como fotos del espacio estudiado, y posteriormente el análisis de los datos que son presentados en el cuerpo de este trabajo, facilitando el entendimiento y la interpretación de los resultados.  Palabras clave: Políticas Públicas, Modo de Vida Ribereño, Comunidad.

Functional organization within the medullary reticular formation of intact unanesthetized cat. I. Movements evoked by microstimulation

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Drew ◽  
S. Rossignol
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Medullary Reticular Formation ◽  
Discrete Movements ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Made In

1. The present article described the various patterns of movement evoked in the limbs and neck by microstimulation (33-ms trains, 330 Hz, 0.2-ms pulses at less than or equal to 35 microA) of the medullary reticular formation (MRF) of seven chronically implanted, unanesthetized, intact cats. Altogether 878 loci were stimulated in 83 penetrations. However, as stimulation in the more lateral regions of the MRF was less effective, the results are based on stimulation in 592 loci made in 56 penetrations at distances of between 0.5 and 2.5 mm lateral to the midline. 2. Of these 592 loci, movement of one or more parts of the body was evoked from a total of 539 (91%) sites. Most of these movements were compound in nature, involving movement of one or more limbs as well as the head. Discrete movements were observed only with respect to the head; limb movements were always accompanied by head movement. In addition, hindlimb movements were always accompanied by forelimb movements, although the inverse was generally not true. 3. The most common effects of the stimulation were as follows: a turning of the head to the ipsilateral side (79% of stimulated sites); flexion of the ipsilateral elbow (41%); and extension of the contralateral elbow (45%). Effects in the hindlimbs were more variable and less frequent, with the majority of the effective loci causing flexion of the ipsilateral knee (9%) together with extension of the contralateral knee (8%). In total, including both flexion and extension, 18% of the stimulated sites caused movement of the ipsilateral hindlimb and 11% of the contralateral hindlimb. 4. Although movements of the head were obtained from the whole extent of the brain stem, movements of the forelimbs showed a dorsoventral organization with flexion of the ipsilateral elbow being evoked from the more dorsal regions of the brain stem, whereas contralateral elbow extension was evoked more frequently from the ventral regions. There was a large area of overlap from which movements of both limbs could be obtained simultaneously. Movements of the hindlimbs were more frequently evoked from central and ventral areas of the brain stem and from the most rostral aspect of the explored region. 5. In examining the combinations of movements evoked by the MRF stimulation, it was found that the most commonly evoked pattern was movement of the head to the stimulated side together with flexion of the ipsilateral forelimb and extension of the contralateral forelimb (26.5% of sites).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The Rise of Nervous Illness

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Shorter
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Humoral Medicine ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Prospect Of Success ◽  
The Way

It is much better, people think, for the nerves than the mind to be ill. The nerves are physical structures, and heal in the way that all organs of the body heal naturally. Disorders of the mind are frightening because they are so intangible, and, we think, may well lead to insanity rather than recovery. From time out of mind, people have privileged nervous illness over mental illness. From time out of mind, societies have had expressions for the varieties of frets, anxieties, and dyspepsias to which the flesh is heir. In France and England in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, one term was “vapours,” a reference from humoral medicine to supposed exhalations of the viscera that would rise in the body to affect the brain. A major apostle was London physician John Purcell, writing in 1702, of “those who have laboured long under this distemper, [who] are oppressed with a dreadful anguish of mind and a deep melancholy, always reflecting on what can perplex, terrify, and disorder them most, so that at last they think their recovery impossible, and are very angry with those who pretend there is any hopes of it.” He emphasized melancholia and anguish, and for him the “vapours” were something more than a mild attack of the frets. But this was not for everyone. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, now 60 and living in exile in Italy, described to her estranged husband in 1749 Italian health care arrangements, and how physicians visited rich and poor alike. “This last article would be very hard if we had as many vapourish ladies as in England, but those imaginary ills are entirely unknown here. When I recollect the vast fortunes raised by doctors amongst us [in England], and the eager pursuit after every new piece of quackery that is introduced, I cannot help thinking there is a fund of credulity in mankind . . . and the money formerly given to monks for the health of the soul is now thrown to doctors for the health of the body, and generally with as little real prospect of success.”

scholarly journals The Croonian Lecture. On the irritability of nerves

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Annular Ligament ◽  
Living Body ◽  
First Case ◽  
Middle Aged Person ◽  
Aged Person ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Real State ◽  
Different Parts

Its object is principally to investigate the opinion hitherto entertained, that the nerves may be considered as chords that have no power of contraction within themselves, but only serve as a medium by means of which the influence of the brain may be communicated to the muscles, and the impressions made upon the different parts of the body may be conveyed to the brain. After pointing out the extreme difficulty of such an inquiry, owing to the few opportunities that offer for investigating the real state of the nerves in the living body, Mr. Home intimates that he resolved to avail himself of every opportunity that might offer of any operation in surgery performed upon nerves, either in a healthy state, or under the influence of disease, in order to elucidate this intricate point, without neglecting certain experiments he thought he could devise upon animal bodies, before they are wholly deprived of life. The first case, which explains some circumstances respecting the actions of the nerves when under the influence of disease, was that of a middle-aged person, who, having hurt his thumb by a fall, experienced long after an occasional swelling and convulsions in that part, attended with spasms, which at times extended in the direct course of the trunks of the radial nerve up to the head, the patient being at times afflicted with absolute insensibility. In order to put a stop to the progress of tips irritation, which seemed to constitute the disease, it was proposed to divide the nerve as it passes from under the annular ligament of the wrist. This operation was accordingly performed, but not altogether with the desired success, owing probably to the wound not healing by the first intention.

scholarly journals Bodies, Bollywood and Bond. The evolving image of secret agents in Hindi spy thrillers inspired by the 007 franchise

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lipka-Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
James Bond ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Independent researcherIn the 1960s, after the international commercial success of the James Bond films, many imitations and parodies of the original were made in different parts of the world. In India popular Hindi films were also inspired by the 007 franchise, beginning with the action thriller Farz in 1967. From then on a new genre was formed in the Bombay cinema: Hindi Bond films. These derivative productions were deliberately created to replicate the plot formula and narrative structure of the original Bond series. They underwent considerable development from cheap, amateurish B-movies to big budget commercial hits such as Ek Tha Tiger in 2012. Also the leading characters in Hindi Bond films, the secret agents of the Indian police and intelligence, evolved from the innocent, happy-go-lucky youngsters in the 1960s into the tough, world-weary men of action in the 2010s. One of the most important factors of this gradual change is the way the heroes’ bodies were shown on screen. The focus on the esthetics, the musculature, the physical abilities and sex appeal of the Bombay Bonds was different in every decade. This article concentrates on the evolution of Hindi Bond films: the genre as well as the leading characters.

scholarly journals I. The Croonian Lecture. On the irritability of nerves

1801 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Real ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Real State ◽  
Different Parts

The nerves have been hitherto considered as chords that have no powers of contraction within themselves, but only serving as a medium, by means of which the influence of the brain may be communicated to the muscles, and the impressions made upon different parts of the body conveyed to the brain. The difficulties which attend every attempt to investigate the real state of the nerves in the living body, and the impossibility of acquiring any information upon this subject after death, may be urged in excuse for this opinion having been so universally received, since it will be found, from the following experiments and observations, to be void of foundation.

The President’s broadcast on 6 March 1952 on Sir Charles Sherrington (1857-1952)

1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Medical Degree ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

Sir Charles Sherrington took his medical degree nearly seventy years ago, when, as he once said, all the professors and lecturers wore beards or side whiskers ; and one of his first undertakings was a visit to Spain in 1885 to study an outbreak of cholera. After that he settled down to research on the brain and the nerves, and he went on with this till he retired from his professorship at Oxford seventeen years ago. What he did was to give us an entirely new outlook on the working of the nervous system, the way in which the sense organs are linked to the brain and the brain to the muscles to form the great controlling apparatus of the body, the intelligence system and headquarters which direct every movement we make : so that we keep our balance on two legs and go where we want and behave, in fact, like living people. For instance, one of the first things he found out was that there is a signalling arrangement in every muscle which keeps its movement under control by sending back information to the nervous system about the force the muscle is exerting at each moment. Nowadays we call this a feed-back mechanism ; its importance in our own bodies has become more and more obvious because the same kind of arrangement is now used by engineers for controlling the movement of heavy machinery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document