scholarly journals Empirical Support for the Tenets of Sport Participation and Physical Activity-Based Models: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gallant ◽  
Mathieu Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Activity Models

Notwithstanding their wide-spread use, it is unclear what level of empirical evidence exists to support sport participation and physical activity-based models. Sport participation and physical activity-based models characterize different stages of sport involvement based on sport activities (organized and unorganized) individuals take part in throughout their lifespan. The objectives of this scoping review was to explore the nature of empirical support for tenets of sport participation and physical activity-based models describing the evolution of an individuals' sport participation. Seventeen different sport participation models were identified through an iterative literature review, using a snowball search strategy and expert (n = 8) consultation. Of the identified models, three described the evolution of an individual's sport participation based on their participation in different activities at various stages of sport involvement and were retained for the review. A second literature review identified peer-reviewed publications supporting at least one tenet of these three models. Many tenets of retained models received some empirical support from some of the 38 publications identified, but some tenets were not tested. Most of the evidence supporting tenets originated from studies among elite-level athletes. Whereas some evidence exists to support current sport participation and physical activity models, more research is warranted, particularly among the general population of non-elite athletes, for the models to be used in full confidence to guide sport policies, programs, and practices.

scholarly journals Sport and physical activity across the lifespan: “Sports Trajectory Questionnaire”

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Marta Moragas ◽  
Verònica Riera Batalla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Activity and participation in sport have garnered a great deal of attention over the past few decades, due in part to growing awareness of the benefits they offer that lead to a better quality of life. This situation has opened up new lines of investigation in the sport sciences field, including the study of physical activity and sport participation according to the perspective of Lifespan Developmental Psychology, the approach that underlies this study. The aim of this research is (1) to design an instrument to collect information on individuals’ lifelong relationships with sport and physical activity (2) to implement the instrument through a pilot test to create profiles that can be compared with other variables, all in order to study the role that physical activity and sport participation play in a range of aspects throughout the lifespan. The results indicate the questionnaire was effective and capable of collecting data on the physical and sport activities of the members of the sample at different moments in the lifespan. It was also able to generate profiles that can be used to analyze the variables of participation in sport and/or physical activity in conjunction with other variable, thus offering a way  to measure the impact of physical activity on human development. Keywords: Sports trajectories; lifespan; physical activity questionnaire; physical activity profiles

scholarly journals Taking a participatory research approach within workplace health promotion research to improve physical activity levels in office-based workers: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan John Buffey ◽  
Brian P Carson ◽  
Alan Donnelly ◽  
Jon Salsberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Workplace Health Promotion ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Participatory Research Approach

Abstract Introduction Physical activity (PA) workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions have traditionally utilised a top-down research approach at an individual level where participants are considered as passive subjects. Whereas participatory research involves the participants and relevant stakeholders within the research process utilising a bottom-up approach which focuses on the health priorities of the participants and allows the integration of the researcher's expertise and the end-users lived experiences, which has been shown to aid in the acceptability and relevance of the research. This protocol describes a scoping review which will explore, identify and map participatory research techniques and their impact when utilised in office based WHP interventions designed to improve PA levels and/or decrease sitting time. Providing an overview of key characteristics of WHP interventions which took a participatory research approach. Methods and analysis This scoping review will follow the guidelines and framework from the PRISMA-ScR. Articles will be retrieved via five databases: Web of Science, PubMED, Scopus, Google Scholar and OpenGrey. A search strategy was piloted, and relevant review articles search strategies were explored, to identify appropriate key words and MeSH terms. Two independent reviewers will screen retrieved articles based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria by title and abstract first, followed by the full text. Any discrepancies will be discussed until a consensus is reached. Data will be extracted, charted and summarised via a narrative synthesis and qualitative analyses. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was not required or obtained for this scoping review. The completed scoping review findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal which has a research scope that encompasses participatory research and health promotion. The findings will be presented at appropriate academic conferences and to project partners to inform the design of a WHP intervention. Strengths and limitations of this study The proposed scoping review will explore and map the current participatory research techniques and approaches taken when completing an office-based workplace health promotion intervention designed to increase physical activity. The scoping review by nature and the search strategy proposed will allow for a wide breadth of literature to be explored. There is no critical appraisal or quality assessment of the included studies which is typical of a systematic review but not of a scoping review or the aim of this review article. This scoping review has a narrow focus on physical activity and may limit/exclude articles aiming to improve psychological wellbeing or work performance.

Parental Perception of Barriers to Children’s Participation in Sports: Biological, Social, and Geographic Correlates of Portuguese Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
Daniela Rodrigues ◽  
Cristina Padez ◽  
Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire ◽  
Children's Participation

Background: Identifying parental perceived barriers might contribute to strategies to promote physical activity in children. This study aimed to observe parental perceived barriers for 6- to 10-year-old children’s participation in organized sports and understand to what extent the socioeconomic status, the place of residence, and children’s sex, age, and sport participation affect those perceived barriers. Methods: Data were collected from 834 parents of 6- to 10-year-old children living in the Portuguese Midlands, using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Parents reported the perceived barriers to children’s sport activities, such as time, health, transportation, costs, safety, facilities, weather, tiredness, and lack of interest. Children’s and sociodemographic characteristics were also collected. Results: Time and costs were the most reported barriers by parents. Barriers to access were mostly reported by parents of girls and younger children, parents of inactive children, and families living in an urban setting and in socioeconomic disadvantage. Perceived barriers differed according to both children’s and sociodemographic characteristics, highlighting the need to reduce costs and increase the variety of sports/facilities, particularly in families with girls, younger children, and those with lower incomes from more urbanized areas. Conclusions: The present findings should be considered in future planning and interventions to effectively promote physical activity in children.

Sleep Apps for Youth: A Scoping Review of What is Available and What is Needed (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin HG Maich ◽  
Rana Abu-Jazar ◽  
Rachael Burnett ◽  
Carly Cosgrove ◽  
William Maich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Primary Investigator ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

BACKGROUND Sleep difficulties are prevalent and concerning for many North Americans. Despite strong empirical support for insomnia treatment, lack of access presents a significant barrier to treatment dissemination. This is particularly true amongst teens and young adults. Mobile applications (‘apps’) are uniquely suited to address this need. OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review to identify and appraise commercially available apps for AYAs with sleep difficulties. METHODS Proceeding in 3 phases, a comprehensive search of commercially available apps was conducted between August 2016 and January 2017. The initial phase involved a search of app stores using relevant search terms (sleep; sleeping; insomnia; sleep aid; night). In the second phase, apps were assessed for eligibility using the following inclusion criteria: 1) Goal is to provide education, tools, or advice related to management of insomnia symptoms. 2) Primary intended users are AYAs. Exclusion criteria were: 1) App is classified as an ‘e-book.’ 2) Primary utility is meditation, hypnosis, or relaxation for sleep. 3) Primary function is background sleep music or sounds. 4) Primary function is alarm clock. 5) Sole sleep aid function is tracking/monitoring, with no education, tools, or advice for insomnia. In the third phase, apps were culled for functionality information, including: A) Self-monitoring of symptoms; B) Tracking sleep; C) Education related to insomnia; D) Advice or intervention for managing insomnia symptoms. Finally, the primary investigator conducted a final review of phase 3 apps, closely examining the functionality of these apps, based on app descriptions, app content, and developer website (where available). RESULTS The initial search yielded 2036 apps; after eligibility criteria were applied, functionality information was extracted for 48 apps. Twenty-three of these were later excluded. Of the final 25 apps, 24% included self-monitoring of symptoms; 28% included a sleep tracking function; 56% provided insomnia education; and 92% provided advice or intervention for managing sleep difficulties. The majority (80%) were free. Several (20%) provided sleep interventions that are not supported by research. In the final evaluation, only 6 apps met all four of the functionality criteria; of these, none were geared towards AYA users specifically. The purported and examined functionality of these six apps are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is a unique problem among AYAs, as non-insomnia factors must also be considered when designing an appropriate intervention (e.g., AYAs are more delayed in sleep schedule, require more sleep than adults). There are currently 6 apps that are appropriate for self-management of adult insomnia. There are 0 apps designed for AYA users. Development of an evidence-based app for managing insomnia in this population is critical. Once an appropriate app becomes available, future studies should test its usability and efficacy in AYA samples.

The Scoping Review of Smart Healthcare Applications in Medical Health (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Hang Wu ◽  
Ching Ju Chiu ◽  
Yen Ju Liou ◽  
Chun Ying Lee ◽  
Susan C. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Geographic Access ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

BACKGROUND There is still no consensus on research terms for smart healthcare worldwide. The study conducted by Lewis 10 years ago showed extending geographic access was the major health purpose of health-related information communication technology (ICT), but today's situation may be different because of the rapid development of smart healthcare. Objective: The main aim of this study is to classify recent smart healthcare interventions. Therefore, this scoping review was conducted as a feasible tool for exploring this domain and summarizing related research findings. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study is to classify recent smart healthcare interventions. Therefore, this scoping review was conducted as a feasible tool for exploring this domain and summarizing related research findings. METHODS The scoping review relies on the analysis of previous reviews of smart healthcare interventions assessed for their effectiveness in the framework of a systematic review and/or meta-analysis. The search strategy was based on the identification of smart healthcare interventions reported as the proposed keywords. In the analysis, the reviews published from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. RESULTS The number of publications for smart healthcare's systematic reviews has continued to grow in the past five years. The search strategy yielded 210 systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses addressed to target groups of interest. 68.5% of these publications used mobile health as a keyword. According to the classification by Lewis, 37.62% of the literature was applied to extend geographic access. According to the classification by the Joint Commission of Taiwan (JCT), 48.84% of smart healthcare was applied in clinical areas, and 60% of it was applied in outpatient medical services. CONCLUSIONS Smart healthcare interventions are being widely used in clinical settings and for disease management. The research of mobile health has received the most attention among smart healthcare interventions. The main purpose of mobile health was used to extend geographic access to increase medical accessibility in clinical areas. CLINICALTRIAL none

scholarly journals The Use of Interpreters in Medical Education: A Narrative Literature Review

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Costas S. Constantinou ◽  
Andrew Timothy Ng ◽  
Chase Beverley Becker ◽  
Parmida Enayati Zadeh ◽  
Alexia Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Assessment Skills ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

This paper presents the results of a narrative literature review on the use of interpreters in medical education. A careful search strategy was based on keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria, and used the databases PubMed, Medline Ovid, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINAHL, and EBSCO. The search strategy resulted in 20 articles, which reflected the research aim and were reviewed on the basis of an interpretive approach. They were then critically appraised in accordance with the “critical assessment skills programme” guidelines. Results showed that the use of interpreters in medical education as part of the curriculum is scarce, but students have been trained in how to work with interpreters when interviewing patients to fully develop their skills. The study highlights the importance of integrating the use of interpreters in medical curricula, proposes a framework for achieving this, and suggests pertinent research questions for enriching cultural competence.

scholarly journals Providing trial results to participants in phase III pragmatic effectiveness RCTs: a scoping review

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Bruhn ◽  
Elle-Jay Cowan ◽  
Marion K. Campbell ◽  
Lynda Constable ◽  
Seonaidh Cotton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Future Research ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Emotional Effects ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Narrative Description ◽  
Do So

Abstract Background There is an ethical imperative to offer the results of trials to those who participated. Existing research highlights that less than a third of trials do so, despite the desire of participants to receive the results of the trials they participated in. This scoping review aimed to identify, collate, and describe the available evidence relating to any aspect of disseminating trial results to participants. Methods A scoping review was conducted employing a search of key databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from January 2008 to August 2019) to identify studies that had explored any aspect of disseminating results to trial participants. The search strategy was based on that of a linked existing review. The evidence identified describes the characteristics of included studies using narrative description informed by analysis of relevant data using descriptive statistics. Results Thirty-three eligible studies, including 12,700 participants (which included patients, health care professionals, trial teams), were identified and included. Reporting of participant characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity) across the studies was poor. The majority of studies investigated dissemination of aggregate trial results. The most frequently reported mode of disseminating of results was postal. Overall, the results report that participants evaluated receipt of trial results positively, with reported benefits including improved communication, demonstration of appreciation, improved retention, and engagement in future research. However, there were also some concerns about how well the dissemination was resourced and done, worries about emotional effects on participants especially when reporting unfavourable results, and frustration about the delay between the end of the trial and receipt of results. Conclusions This scoping review has highlighted that few high-quality evaluative studies have been conducted that can provide evidence on the best ways to deliver results to trial participants. There have been relatively few qualitative studies that explore perspectives from diverse populations, and those that have been conducted are limited to a handful of clinical areas. The learning from these studies can be used as a platform for further research and to consider some core guiding principles of the opportunities and challenges when disseminating trial results to those who participated.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Behavior from a Transdisciplinary Biopsychosocial Perspective: a Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannika M. John ◽  
Vanessa Haug ◽  
Ansgar Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Biopsychosocial Perspective

Abstract Background Physical activity behavior is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. For its analysis, transdisciplinary biopsychosocial approaches yield great potential. In health research, the biopsychosocial model has experienced a renaissance. Researchers have tried to grasp the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. With this scoping review, we aimed to examine how the ‘biopsychosocial’ has been conceptualized in scientific work related to physical activity behavior. Methods The scoping review was informed by the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A systematic literature search was conducted in Web of Science, SportDiscus, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, and PubMed. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals that contained all three components of a biopsychosocial approach (e.g., bio/physio/genetic, psycho/mental, and socio/cultural/environmental) were included. We only included articles in our narrative synthesis that integrated physical activity behavior into a biopsychosocial model, or investigated or described physical activity behavior on the basis of such a model. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria; eight articles pursued a biopsychosocial approach in the tradition of Engel, five employed a socio-ecological approach. The models in the analyzed articles referred to either correlates of physical activity behavior, or the influence of physical activity on health or aging. Only a minority of the articles, however, referred to interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors. Conclusions The included articles were quite heterogeneous in their approach to physical activity from a biopsychosocial perspective. The included articles illustrate that the adoption of a biopsychosocial perspective may assist to capture and understand the complex phenomenon of physical activity behavior and might inform future transdisciplinary physical activity research.

scholarly journals “I am going out!” – lifestyle sports and physical activity in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Janeckova ◽  
Z. Hamrik ◽  
M. Matusova ◽  
P. Badura
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Lifestyle Activities ◽  
Out Of School

Abstract Background Lifestyle sport activities (e.g. parkour or skateboarding) are considered attractive and beneficial for a long-term commitment to physical activity (PA) and might be a great opportunity for adolescents who do not feel comfortable in an organized or competitive atmosphere. The purpose of the study was to assess whether participation in lifestyle activities is associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), out-of-school vigorous physical activity (VPA), and sedentary behaviour in adolescents aged 10–15 years, with major demographic variables (sex, age, socioeconomic status) being taken into account. Methods Data from a research project linked to the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey collected in 2017 in the Czech Republic was used. The sample consisted of 679 participants (303 of them girls) and was selected by quota sampling. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in involvement in lifestyle activities according to sex, grade, and socioeconomic status. Ordinal and linear regression models were used to analyse the associations of participation in lifestyle activities and selected energy balance-related behaviours. Results Participation in lifestyle sport activities was significantly associated with a higher level of physical activity (MVPA and out-of-school VPA) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, as was participation in organized sport. No significant associations were shown for sedentary behaviour. Conclusions Adolescents participating in lifestyle sport activities report being more physically active and, in case of doing multiple such activities concurrently, also spending less time sitting than their peers not involved in lifestyle sport activities. As such, lifestyle sport activities seem to represent a feasible way of increasing overall PA level in adolescent population.

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