scholarly journals Drivers of Pigeon Pea Consumption Among School-Aged Children in Central Tanzania

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjiku N. Gichohi-Wainaina ◽  
Ruth Mremi ◽  
Monica Chande ◽  
John M. Msuya ◽  
Nelson C. Kumwenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Health Value ◽  
School Aged Children

Background: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and iron deficiencies (ID) are of major public health concern in Tanzania including among school-aged children. PEM and ID in early childhood have serious, long-term consequences because they impede motor, sensory, social and emotional development, growth retardation, poor cognitive development, learning disability of children, lowered resistance to infectious diseases, and reduced physical work capacity. The objective of this study was to elucidate the drivers of pigeon pea consumption among school-aged children in Dodoma district, Central Tanzania. Understanding these drivers would be useful in promoting pigeon pea consumption among school-aged children as one of the strategies to increase dietary protein and iron intake.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study in which data were collected using a questionnaire based on a combination of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model. The data were collected from caregivers (n = 138) in four villages in Kongwa district, Dodoma region, Central Tanzania. We used correlations and multiple regressions to assess associations between constructs and identify predictive constructs. Mann–Whitney U tests were used for score comparisons with a significant p-value set at <0.10.Results: Health value was significantly correlated with health behavior identity (rs = 0.63, p < 0.001) and also significantly predicted health behavior identity (rs = 0.49, p = 0.001). The constructs cues to action and control belief were significantly associated with intention (β = −0.41, p = 0.059 and β = 0.06, p = 0.019 respectively). Finally, we observed that intention was a significant predictor of behavior (β = 1.38, p = 0.001). We also observed a significant negative interaction between perceived barriers and intention to consume pigeon pea (β = −0.04, p = 0.006), indicating that perceived barriers limit intention to consume pigeon pea.Conclusion and Implication: Our findings indicate that when the caregiver places increased importance on preventing her school-aged child from being iron or protein deficient or indeed anemic (health value), it results in a positive evaluation of the effectiveness of giving pigeon pea to address these nutrient deficiencies. Programs and efforts aimed at promoting pigeon pea consumption should focus on educating caregivers on iron and protein deficiency and the role that pigeon pea could play in addressing these. However, perceived barriers such as pest infestation during storage need to be addressed to increase pigeon pea consumption. The involvement of post-harvest management specialists is therefore crucial. Along with this, increasing productivity and crop management is also crucial to ensure year-round affordable supply of pigeon pea.

Is Fitness Level in Childhood Associated with Physical Activity Level as an Adult?

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Trudeau ◽  
Louis Laurencelle ◽  
Roy J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Barriers To Exercise

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible influence of childhood physical fitness on physical activity level and some of its psychosocial determinants as an adult. Childhood (age 10–12 years) data from the longitudinal Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study (body mass index, Physical Work Capacity (PWC170)), number of sit-ups/min, left + right hands grip strength) were correlated with adult data (age 35.0 ± 0.3 years) for physical activity (PA) level, attitude toward PA, intention to exercise, perceived barriers to exercise and support of an active lifestyle by significant others. No significant relationships between childhood physical fitness and adulthood PA were found. Although the sample size is relatively small, our data suggest that the preadolescent physical fitness level has no measurable impact on adult habitual PA, attitudes toward PA, intentions to exercise, perceived barriers to exercise or support from the individual’s entourage.

scholarly journals Pathways Through Which Health Literacy Is Linked to Parental Oral Health Behavior in an American Indian Tribe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela G Brega ◽  
Rachel L Johnson ◽  
Sarah J Schmiege ◽  
Anne R Wilson ◽  
Luohua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Efficacy Estimate

Abstract Background Health literacy (HL) is the “ability to find, understand, evaluate and put information to use to improve decision making and, ultimately, improve health and quality of life.” Parents with limited HL are less likely to follow recommended parental oral health behaviors. Purpose We tested a theoretical framework designed to clarify mechanisms through which HL may influence parental oral health behavior. The framework proposed that HL: (a) has a direct effect on parental oral health knowledge, beliefs (i.e. self-efficacy; perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers), and behavior; (b) influences beliefs indirectly through knowledge; and (c) influences behavior indirectly through knowledge and beliefs. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from a randomized controlled trial designed to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 521). Parents completed survey questions assessing sociodemographic characteristics, HL, and parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behavior. Path analysis was used to test the framework. Results HL exerted significant direct effects on knowledge and beliefs but not behavior. HL had significant indirect effects on all beliefs through knowledge. Significant indirect effects of HL on behavior occurred through self-efficacy (estimate: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.42, 1.83, p = .005), perceived barriers (estimate: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.29, 1.43, p = .010), knowledge to self-efficacy (estimate: 0.57, 95% CI: .31, 0.98, p = .001), and knowledge to perceived barriers (estimate: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.47, p = .012). Conclusions HL exerted an indirect effect on parental oral health behavior, with knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers being the primary constructs linking HL to behavior.

scholarly journals Lower extremity muscle size and strength and aerobic capacity decrease with caloric restriction but not with exercise-induced weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Karen Steger-May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced

Caloric restriction (CR) results in fat loss; however, it may also result in loss of muscle and thereby reduce strength and aerobic capacity (V̇o2 max). These effects may not occur with exercise-induced weight loss (EX) because of the anabolic effects of exercise on heart and skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that CR reduces muscle size and strength and V̇o2 max, whereas EX preserves or improves these parameters. Healthy 50- to 60-yr-old men and women (body mass index of 23.5–29.9 kg/m2) were studied before and after 12 mo of weight loss by CR ( n = 18) or EX ( n = 16). Lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, thigh muscle volume by MRI, isometric and isokinetic knee flexor strength by dynamometry, and treadmill V̇o2 max by indirect calorimetry. Both interventions caused significant decreases in body weight (CR: −10.7 ± 1.4%, EX: −9.5 ± 1.5%) and lean mass (CR: −3.5 ± 0.7%, EX: −2.2 ± 0.8%), with no significant differences between groups. Significant decreases in thigh muscle volume (−6.9 ± 0.8%) and composite knee flexion strength (−7.2 ± 3%) occurred in the CR group only. Absolute V̇o2 max decreased significantly in the CR group (−6.8 ± 2.3%), whereas the EX group had significant increases in both absolute (+15.5 ± 2.4%) and relative (+28.3 ± 3.0%) V̇o2 max. These data provide evidence that muscle mass and absolute physical work capacity decrease in response to 12 mo of CR but not in response to a similar weight loss induced by exercise. These findings suggest that, during EX, the body adapts to maintain or even enhance physical performance capacity.

Physiological and psychological factors associated with onset of high-altitude headache in Chinese men upon acute high-altitude exposure at 3700 m

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yun Guo ◽  
Shi-Zhu Bian ◽  
Ji-Hang Zhang ◽  
Qian-ning Li ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
P Values ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Aim We aimed to identify clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with onset of high-altitude headache (HAH) after acute exposure at 3700 m. Method In two hours, 163 individuals ascended by plane to 3700 m. Demographic information, physiological and psychological measurements, cognitive function, physical work capacity tests and profile of mood states within one week prior to the departure and within 24 hours after arrival were examined. Results HAH patients featured significantly higher vertebral artery diastolic velocity (Vd), heart rate (HR) and pulmonary artery diameter. HAH was also associated with a more negative mood state, including scores for tension anxiety, depression, hostility, fatigue and confusion, as well as lower vigor (all p values <0.05). Furthermore, negative emotions were positively related to HAH severity. HAH slightly decreased cognitive functioning. HR, Vd, lack of vigor, confusion and self-reported anxiety (all p values <0.05) were independent risk factors for HAH. We have identified three independent baseline predictors for HAH including internal diameter of the left ventricle (LVD), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and confusion score. Conclusions Higher HR, Vd, confusion and self-reported anxiety and insufficient vigor were independent risk factors for HAH. Furthermore, higher baseline LVD, AIS and confusion score are independent predictors of HAH.

Physical work capacity (VO2 max) and work ability (WAI) of active employees (men and women) in Poland

2005 ◽  
Vol 1280 ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bugajska ◽  
T. Makowiec-Dąbrowska ◽  
A. Jegier ◽  
A. Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Work Ability ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Men And Women

Physiological responses to maximal effort wheelchair and arm crank ergometry

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Glaser ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
M. F. Brune ◽  
S. W. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Peak Vo2

The purpose of this investigation was to compare physical work capacity (PWC), peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), maximal pulmonary ventilation (VEmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), and maximal blood lactate concentration (LAmax) for wheelchair ergometer (WERG) and arm crank ergometer (ACE) exercise. For this, wheelchair-dependent (n = 6) and able-bodied (n = 10) subjects completed a progressive intensity, discontinuous test for each mode of exercise. Each test was terminated by physical exhaustion and/or an inability to maintain a flywheel velocity of 180 m.min-1. Relatively high correlation coefficients were found between values obtained during the two modes of ergometry for PWC, peak VO2, VEmax, and HRmax. WERG exercise was found to elicit a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower PWC (by 36%), HRmax (by 7%), and LAmax (by 26%) than ACE exercise. Peak VO2 and VEmax, however, were similar for both exercise modes. These data suggest that either exercise mode may be used for fitness testing and training of people who cannot use their legs and that arm cranking may be a superior method to propel wheelchairs.

Lifting Physical Work Capacity as a Function of Frequency

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1335
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Fernandez ◽  
Robert J. Marley ◽  
Nancy B. Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Lifting Technique ◽  
Male Subjects

A laboratory experiment using 15 male subjects was conducted to document lifting physical work capacity over the frequency range of 2 to 12 lifts per minute and to compare these values to bicycling physical work capacity. Results indicate that bicycling PWC is significantly higher than lifting PWC at the 0.05 level. A variation in lifting PWC as a function of frequency was observed. This could be attributed to lifting technique. Task design should, therefore, not only consider lifting PWC but also the frequency of lift.

scholarly journals The impact of heat on human physical work capacity; Part III: the impact of solar radiation varies with air temperature, humidity, and clothing coverage.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Foster ◽  
James W Smallcombe ◽  
Simon G Hodder ◽  
Andreas D Flouris ◽  
Lars Nybo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
The Impact

It is well-known that heat impacts human labour/physical work capacity (PWC), but systematic evaluations of solar radiation (SOLAR) effects and the interaction with air temperature and humidity levels and clothing are lacking, as most lab-studies are conducted in semi-nude subjects without radiation or only in a single climatic condition. Due to the high relevance of SOLAR in various occupations, this study quantified how SOLAR interacts with clothing and other primary environmental factors (air temperature/humidity) of importance to determine PWC in the heat. The data allowed the development of a SOLAR correction factor for predicting PWC in major outdoor industries. Fourteen young adult males (7 wearing a standardised work coverall (0.9 Clo), 7 with shorts and trainers (0.3 Clo) walked for 1-hour at a fixed heart rate of 130 b∙min-1, in seven combinations of air temperature (25 to 45 Celsius) and relative humidity (20 or 80%), with and without SOLAR (800 W/m2 from solar lamps). Cumulative energy expenditure in the heat, relative to the work achieved in a cool reference condition, was used to determine PWC%. Skin temperature was the primary determinant of PWC in the heat. In dry climates with exposed skin (0.3 Clo), SOLAR caused PWC to decrease exponentially with rising air temperature, whereas work coveralls (0.9 Clo) negated this effect. In humid conditions, the SOLAR-induced reduction in PWC was consistent and linear across all levels of air temperature, and clothing conditions. WBGT and UTCI based prediction equations of PWC represented SOLAR correctly. For heat indices not intrinsically accounting for SOLAR, correction factors are provided enabling forecasting of heat effects on work productivity.

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