scholarly journals Toward Antibiotic Stewardship: Route of Antibiotic Administration Impacts the Microbiota and Resistance Gene Diversity in Swine Feces

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ricker ◽  
Julian Trachsel ◽  
Phillip Colgan ◽  
Jennifer Jones ◽  
Jinlyung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Swine Feces

scholarly journals Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Communities, Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Diversity and Potential Pathogen Transmission Risk of Two Different Landfills in China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Shan Wan ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Yanjun Pang ◽  
Fugen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze microbial communities, antibiotic resistance gene diversity, and human pathogenic bacterium composition in two typical landfills in China. Results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were predominant in the two landfills, and archaea and fungi were also detected. The genera Methanoculleus, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas were predominantly present in all samples. sul2, sul1, tetX, and adeF were the four most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Sixty-nine bacterial pathogens were identified from the two landfills, with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus as the major pathogenic microorganisms, indicating the existence of potential environmental risk in landfills. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis indicated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes typically associated with human antibiotic resistance bacterial strains. These results provide insights into the risk of pathogens in landfills, which is important for controlling the potential secondary transmission of pathogens and reducing workers’ health risk during landfill excavation.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Meta-Analysis of Solanaceous Resistance Gene and Solanum Resistance Gene Analog Sequences and a Practical Framework for Cross-Species Comparisons

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund A. Quirin ◽  
Harpartap Mann ◽  
Rachel S. Meyer ◽  
Alessandra Traini ◽  
Maria Luisa Chiusano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Protein Motifs

Cross-species comparative genomics approaches have been employed to map and clone many important disease resistance (R) genes from Solanum species—especially wild relatives of potato and tomato. These efforts will increase with the recent release of potato genome sequence and the impending release of tomato genome sequence. Most R genes belong to the prominent nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class and conserved NBS-LRR protein motifs enable survey of the R gene space of a plant genome by generation of resistance gene analogs (RGA), polymerase chain reaction fragments derived from R genes. We generated a collection of 97 RGA from the disease-resistant wild potato S. bulbocastanum, complementing smaller collections from other Solanum species. To further comparative genomics approaches, we combined all known Solanum RGA and cloned solanaceous NBS-LRR gene sequences, nearly 800 sequences in total, into a single meta-analysis. We defined R gene diversity bins that reflect both evolutionary relationships and DNA cross-hybridization results. The resulting framework is amendable and expandable, providing the research community with a common vocabulary for present and future study of R gene lineages. Through a series of sequence and hybridization experiments, we demonstrate that all tested R gene lineages are of ancient origin, are shared between Solanum species, and can be successfully accessed via comparative genomics approaches.

scholarly journals Expansion and persistence of antibiotic-specific resistance genes following antibiotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Kang ◽  
Lejla Imamovic ◽  
Maria-Anna Misiakou ◽  
Maria Bornakke Sørensen ◽  
Yoshitaro Heshiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Human Gut

Abstract Background. Oral antibiotics are commonly prescribed to non-hospitalized adults. However, antibiotic-induced changes on the human gut microbiome are often investigated in cohorts with pre-existing health conditions and/or concomitant medication, leaving the effects of antibiotics not completely understood.Results. We used a combination of omic approaches to comprehensively assess the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and particularly the gut resistome of a small cohort of healthy adults. We observed that 3 to 19 species per individual proliferated during antibiotic treatment and Gram-negative species expanded significantly in relative abundance. While the overall relative abundance of antibiotic resistance gene homologues did not significantly change, antibiotic-specific gene homologues with presumed resistance towards the administered antibiotics were common in proliferating species and significantly increased in relative abundance. Virome sequencing and plasmid analysis showed the expansion of antibiotic-specific resistance gene homologues even three months after antibiotic administration, while paired-end read analysis suggested their dissemination among different species.Conclusions. These results suggest that antibiotic treatment can lead to a persistent expansion of antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiota and provide further data in support of good antibiotic stewardship.

scholarly journals NLR Diversity and Candidate Fusiform Rust Resistance Genes in Loblolly Pine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ence ◽  
Katherine E Smith ◽  
Shenghua Fan ◽  
Leandro Gomide Neves ◽  
Robin Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Gene Family Evolution ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Geographic Diversity

Abstract Resistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) is a classic gene-for-gene system. Early resistance gene mapping in the P. taeda family 10-5 identified RAPD markers for a major fusiform rust resistance gene, Fr1. More recently SNP markers associated with resistance were mapped to a full-length gene model in the loblolly pine genome encoding for an NLR protein. NLR genes are one of the most abundant gene families in plant genomes and are involved in effector-triggered immunity. Inter- and intraspecies studies of NLR gene diversity and expression have resulted in improved disease resistance. To characterize NLR gene diversity and discover potential resistance genes, we assembled de novo transcriptomes from 92 loblolly genotypes from across the natural range of the species. In these transcriptomes, we identified novel NLR transcripts that are not present in the loblolly pine reference genome and found significant geographic diversity of NLR genes providing evidence of gene family-evolution. We designed capture probes for these NLRs to identify and map SNPs that stably cosegregate with resistance to the SC20-21 isolate of Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme (Cqf) in half-sib progeny of the 10-5 family. We identified ten SNPs and two QTL associated with resistance to SC20-21 Cqf. The geographic diversity of NLR genes provides evidence of NLR gene family-evolution in loblolly pine. The SNPs associated with rust resistance provide a resource to enhance breeding and deployment of resistant pine seedlings.

scholarly journals 141. A Blind Spot for Antibiotic Stewardship Programs: Misadministration of Perioperative Antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S183-S183
Author(s):  
Noah Boton ◽  
Payal K Patel ◽  
Ronald E Kendall ◽  
Cheryl Hershey ◽  
Mary Jarzebowski
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Infection Prophylaxis ◽  
Antibiotic Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Infection

Abstract Background Hospitalized patients requiring intravenous antibiotics frequently undergo surgical intervention. These surgeries involve multiple transitions of care that may lead to antibiotic delay, additional unnecessary doses, omission, or substitution. While many studies examine the use of antibiotics for surgical site infection prophylaxis, there are no studies investigating antibiotic use in the perioperative period for inpatients already on an IV antibiotic regimen. This study examined the incidence and nature of antibiotic misadministration in the perioperative period among inpatients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center involving all inpatients who underwent surgery in 2019. Patients 18 years or older who were on an IV antibacterial regimen prior to surgery were included. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery and patients only receiving surgical infection prophylaxis were excluded. Through manual chart review, we collected information on the prescribed IV antibiotic regimen and timing of antibiotic doses in the perioperative period. Errors were classified as administration of additional unnecessary IV antibiotics and missed, delayed, and additional doses of prescribed IV antibiotics. Results There were 168 inpatients on an IV antibiotic regimen who underwent surgery in 2019. Complete data was available for 158 patients. Errors in antibiotic administration in the perioperative period were identified in 64 (41%) patients. Missed, delayed, additional unnecessary antibiotics, and additional doses of prescribed IV antibiotics were identified in 21 patients (13%), 14 patients (9%), 13 patients (8%), and 7 patients (4%), respectively (Figure 1). Conclusion We found errors in antibiotic administration for inpatients undergoing surgery to be common, with the most frequent error being a missed dose of a prescribed IV antibiotic. This illustrates an area for quality improvement in inpatient antibiotic stewardship in our hospital and we suspect in other hospitals as well. Future work will incorporate more centers and examine how these errors affect outcomes for inpatients undergoing surgery, particularly in patients with sepsis or those requiring surgery for infection source control. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals First Report of the Multidrug Resistance Gene cfr and the Phenicol Resistance Gene fexA in a Bacillus Strain from Swine Feces

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 3953-3955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Dai ◽  
Cong-Ming Wu ◽  
Ming-Gui Wang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Multidrug Resistance Gene ◽  
First Report ◽  
Bacillus Strain ◽  
Swine Feces

ABSTRACT A multidrug resistance gene, cfr, and a phenicol resistance gene, fexA, were detected in a Bacillus strain, BS-01, isolated from swine feces. The cfr gene was carried on a novel 16.5-kb plasmid, designated pBS-01. A complete Tn917 structure, which harbors the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance gene erm(B), was located downstream of the cfr gene. The fexA gene was discovered in the chromosomal DNA of the BS-01 strain and identified in a Tn558 variant.

scholarly journals Indiscriminate Use of Antibiotics in Neurotrauma Patients Referred for Expert Neurosurgical Care in a Developing Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 653-656
Author(s):  
Toyin A. Oyemolade ◽  
Toluyemi A. Malomo ◽  
Amos O. Adeleye
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
Tissue Systems ◽  
Primary Health Facilities

Abstract Background In Nigeria, pre-neurosurgical care of most neurotrauma patients usually involves administration of many empirical agents including antibiotics with no apparent indications. This practice is fraught with two particular dangers: increase in health care costs and development of drug resistance. This study aimed to interrogate antibiotic stewardship in the pre-neurosurgical care of neurotrauma patients referred to our practice. Materials and Methods This 7-month prospective descriptive study was performed in one University Teaching Hospital of a developing country. Clinical data on all admitted neurotrauma patients with information on the pre-neurosurgical treatment received were captured and analyzed. Results There were 113 patients, 87(77.0%) males; 103(91.2%) had head injury, and 10(8.8%) spinal cord injury. Associated systemic injuries occurred in 47(41.6%): 40 involved skeletal and soft tissue systems, and 12(10.6%) presented with aspiration pneumonitis. These patients were referrals from public health facilities including primary health facilities (PHF), secondary (SHF), and tertiary (THF), as well as private clinics (PC). Antibiotics were given to 74 (65.5%) patients, with a probabilistic indication in only 17.6% (13/74) of these. The proportional distribution of this antibiotic administration according to the referral base was not statistically significant (χ2 =6.87, p = 0.3): 70% (14/20) from PHF, 56% (14/25) from SHF, 71% (23/32) from THF, and 63% (23/36) from PC. The antimicrobial agent administered was specified in 40 cases: Ceftriaxone was the commonest antibiotic agent implicated. Conclusion There is apparent unnecessary exposure of patients to antibiotics in the pre-neurosurgical care of neurotrauma in this study. There is, therefore, need for education on antibiotic stewardship to the group of health workers involved.

scholarly journals Impact of Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin Administration on Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Healthy Volunteers and Characterization of the Resistance Genes They Harbor

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 4410-4416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick M. Card ◽  
Muriel Mafura ◽  
Theresa Hunt ◽  
Miranda Kirchner ◽  
Jan Weile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and placebo administration on culturable Gram-negative isolates and the antibiotic resistance genes they harbor. Saliva and fecal samples were collected from healthy human volunteers before and at intervals, up to 1 year after antibiotic administration. Samples were plated on selective and nonselective media to monitor changes in different colony types or bacterial species. Following ciprofloxacin administration, there was a decrease ofEscherichia coliin feces and after clindamycin administration a decrease ofBacteroidesin feces andLeptotrichiain saliva, which all returned to pretreatment levels within 1 to 4 months. Ciprofloxacin administration also resulted in an increase in ciprofloxacin-resistantVeillonellain saliva, which persisted for 12 months. Additionally, 949 aerobic and anaerobic isolates purified from ciprofloxacin- and clindamycin-containing plates were screened for the presence of resistance genes. Resistance gene carriage was widespread in isolates from all three treatment groups, and no association was observed between genes and antibiotic administration. Although the anaerobic component of the microbiota was not a major reservoir of aerobe-associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, we detected the sulfonamide resistance genesul2in anaerobic isolates. The longitudinal nature of the study allowed identification of distinctEscherichia coliclones harboring multiple resistance genes, including one carrying an extended-spectrum β-lactamaseblaCTX-Mgroup 9 gene, which persisted in the gut for up to 4 months. This study provided insight into the effects of antibiotic administration on healthy microbiota and the diversity of resistance genes harbored therein.

Integrating bedside nurses into antibiotic stewardship: A practical approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Monsees ◽  
Pranita D. Tamma ◽  
Sara E. Cosgrove ◽  
Melissa A. Miller ◽  
Valeria Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
National Level ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Workflow Integration

AbstractNurses view patient safety as an essential component of their work and have reported a general interest in embracing an antibiotic steward role. However, antibiotic stewardship (AS) functions have not been formally integrated into nursing practice despite nurses’ daily involvement in clinical activities that impact antibiotic decisions (e.g., obtaining specimens for cultures, blood drawing for therapeutic drug monitoring). Recommendations to expand AS programs to include bedside nurses are generating support at a national level, yet a practical guidance on how nurses can be involved in AS activities is lacking. In this review, we provide a framework identifying selected practices where nurses can improve antibiotic prescribing practices through appropriate obtainment of Clostridioides difficile tests, appropriate urine culturing practices, optimal antibiotic administration, accurate and detailed documentation of penicillin allergy histories and through the prompting of antibiotic time outs. We identify reported barriers to engagement of nurses in AS and offer potential solutions that include patient safety principles and quality improvement strategies that can be used to mitigate participation barriers. This review will assist AS leaders interested in advancing the contributions of nurses into their AS programs by discussing education, communication, improvement models, and workflow integration enhancements that strengthen systems to support nurses as valued partners in AS efforts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document