scholarly journals Alternative Bedding Materials for Poultry: Availability, Efficacy, and Major Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siaka Diarra ◽  
Sonny Lameta ◽  
Falaniko Amosa ◽  
Sanjay Anand
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Peanut Hulls ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Brighter Future

The increasing demand of wood shavings (WS) and sawdust (SD) by other industries and growing concerns of potential chemical contaminants from wood products have amplified research interest in alternative bedding materials for commercial poultry. Several alternative materials—corn cob (CC), straws (ST) and hays (HA), sand (SA), shredded papers (SP), rice hulls (RH), peanut hulls (PH), and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O2)—can replace conventional ones in poultry houses, depending on availability, cost, and ability to absorb and adsorb moisture and provide the birds enough room to exhibit their natural behaviors. Alternative materials hold a brighter future as bedding materials, but more studies about their physicochemical properties and litter management practices for optimum poultry welfare are recommended.

Vaccines against the avian enteropathogensEimeria,CryptosporidiumandSalmonella

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Lillehoj ◽  
Cheol H. Yun ◽  
Hyun S. Lillehoj
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Genetic Strains ◽  
Avian Diseases ◽  
Increasing Demand

AbstractThe worldwide poultry industry provides a substantial proportion of the nutritional requirement of the human population. To keep pace with the increasing demand for the high-quality, low-cost protein source that poultry provides, intensive rearing practices have been developed within the past few decades. For example, chickens are housed routinely in crowded environments under adverse conditions, and genetic strains have been selected for rapid growth, high protein-to-fat content and superior egg-laying characteristics. A major negative consequence of these practices has been an increase in the incidence of diseases. Enteric diseases in particular have emerged as a major problem threatening the future viability of the poultry industry. A variety of methods have been used to combat avian diseases in the commercial setting, including improved farm management practices, the use of antibiotic drugs, the selection of disease-resistant strains of chickens, and the manipulation of the chicken’s immune system. In the latter category, the development of vaccines against the major avian diseases has become a priority in the poultry industry. This review will highlight recent progress in vaccine development against three major avian enteric pathogens:Eimeria,CryptosporidiumandSalmonella.

Green gold of Africa – Can growing native bamboo in Ethiopia become a commercially viable business?

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (05) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Böck
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Increasing Demand

With concerns about climate change and the search for sustainable construction materials, significant attention is now being paid to Africa's natural resources. Ethiopia, known as Africa's political capital, has a rapidly expanding economy with increasing demand for new construction materials. Through public private partnerships projects the country is developing a sustainable business model to promote bamboo as a raw material. The subtropical zone of Ethiopia is home to approximately 65% of Africa's bamboo resources, an area of over 1 million hectares. Bamboo is potentially an ideal source of local, sustainable purpose-engineered building materials for growing cities not only in Ethiopia but across Africa. Production of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete is expensive, highly energy intensive and unsustainable, requiring large quantities of water and is strongly dependent on imported raw materials. Bamboo is a renewable building material widely cultivated in Ethiopia but not yet utilized in modern construction. Structural Bamboo Products (SBP), similar to engineered wood products, have excellent potential to partially replace the use of more energy-intensive materials. Projects such as African Bamboo are taking steps in managing, cultivating and using Ethiopian bamboo species to help mitigate rapid deforestation in East Africa by creating alternative “wood” sources and sustainable business opportunities.

scholarly journals Contemporary Water Management Issues in Thailand in Comparative Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
Alin Chintraruck
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Management Issues

Water management is a complex and multifarious issue that joins together a wide range of different problems and approaches. Since water is essential to human life, governments must make efforts to ensure that everyone receives the water necessary but, at the same time, they have to wrestle with the fact that water is a scarce resource that must be priced for consumption under conditions of constantly increasing demand from cities, industry, agriculture and tourism. Examination of three case studies, Australia, Singapore and Japan, indicates that contemporary water management issue may be considered in a number of categories and analysis has taken place on four such categories. These are global climate change, disaster mitigation, political and legal modernization and allocation of water resources. The case studies inform the discussion of water management practices and prospects for Thailand and it is shown that the country is progressing towards the examples represented by the more developed and advanced countries insofar as it is ever possible to import a water management solution into the very specific geographical, hydrological, social, political and cultural conditions in effect in a specific location.

scholarly journals Physical Characteristics of Soil as Influenced by Integrated Organic Nutrient Management Practices - A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar Pandey ◽  
Umesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Physical Productivity ◽  
Growing Population

Sustaining the productivity at higher level to meet the increasing demand of food, fuel and fiber for the growing population is the key issue in Indian agriculture. Among the factors, continuous use of imbalanced fertilizers and decline in soil physical productivity and organic matter are considered responsible. To improve soil physical condition and improve organic matter status of soil, incorporation of organic sources of nutrient in combination with chemical fertilizers are recommended. This review pertinent to the present investigation has been reviewed.

scholarly journals Scaling by Optimising: Modularisation of Data Curation Services in Growing Organisations

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Hagen Peukert
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Science ◽  
Data Curation ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Management ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Cost

After a century of theorising and applying management practices, we are in the middle of entering a new stage in management science: digital management. The management of digital data submerges in traditional functions of management and, at the same time, continues to recreate viable solutions and conceptualisations in its established fields, e.g. research data management. Yet, one can observe bilateral synergies and mutual enrichment of traditional and data management practices in all fields. The paper at hand addresses a case in point, in which new and old management practices amalgamate to meet a steadily, in part characterised by leaps and bounds, increasing demand of data curation services in academic institutions. The idea of modularisation, as known from software engineering, is applied to data curation workflows so that economies of scale and scope can be used. While scaling refers to both management science and data science, optimising is understood in the traditional managerial sense, that is, with respect to the cost function. By means of a situation analysis describing how data curation services were applied from one department to the entire institution and an analysis of the factors of influence, a method of modularisation is outlined that converges to an optimal state of curation workflows.

scholarly journals Increase in wheat production through management of abiotic stresses : A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1070-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Kajla ◽  
Vinaya Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jaswant Khokhar ◽  
Samar Singh ◽  
R. S. Chhokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Time Stress ◽  
Increasing Demand

About 9% of area on earth is under crops out of which 91% is under various stresses. On an average, about 50% yield losses are due to abiotic stresses mostly due to high temperature (20%), low temperature (7%), salinity (10%), drought (9%) and other abiotic stresses (4%). As there is no scope for increasing area under agriculture, the increased productivity from these stressed land is a must to meet the ever increasing demand. Further, the severity of abiotic stresses is likely to increase due to changing climate leading to adverse effect on crops. Therefore, abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, sodicity, acidity, water logging, heat, nutrient toxicities/ deficiencies etc need to be effectively addressed through adoption of management practices like tillage and planting options, residue management, sowing time, stress tolerant cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to conserve natural resources, mitigating their adverse effect and sustainable wheat production.

scholarly journals Reconciling Community Livelihood Needs and Biodiversity Conservation in Taita Hills Forests for Improved Livelihoods and Transformational Management of the Landscape

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Chemuku Wekesa ◽  
Leila Ndalilo ◽  
Carolyne Manya
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Taita Hills ◽  
Fragmented Forests ◽  
Integrated Conservation

AbstractThe fragmented forests of Taita Hills form an exceptional multi-functional socio-ecological production landscape with outstanding diversity of flora and fauna that provide ecosystem goods and services supporting human wellbeing and livelihood systems. However, these forests are threatened by illegal logging for wood products and encroachment for crop farming. A study was conducted in villages surrounding five forest fragments to establish the conservation programmes responsible for keeping these forests intact for provision of goods and services to the local communities. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 250 respondents in 25 villages surrounding the five forest fragments. Twenty-five focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with key informants actively involved in conservation activities. Results showed that the Taita community conserves the forest fragments through management practices that integrate livelihood needs in conservation, such as butterfly farming, bee-keeping and ecotourism. Additionally, community tree nurseries have been established to produce seedlings for restoring degraded areas, and agroforestry belts have been established on the forests’ edges to provide wood products and protect the forests from encroachment. Likewise, village committees have been established to oversee conservation activities inside the village jurisdictional area. The integrated conservation and livelihood approach has reduced forest destruction, enhanced landscape connectivity for biodiversity conservation, increased incomes, enhanced capacity of the community to adapt to climate change, improved food security, enhanced carbon storage, strengthened traditional knowledge and practices, and ensured availability of clean water for the local population.

scholarly journals Advances in Pasture Management and Animal Nutrition to Optimize Beef Cattle Production in Grazing Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Scholz Berça ◽  
Eliéder Prates Romanzini ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Luís Eduardo Ferreira ◽  
André Pastori D’Aurea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Livestock Systems

The increasing demand of meat requires the adoption of sustainable intensification livestock systems, applying nutritional strategies to reduce any negative contribution from beef cattle to global warming and, at the same time, to increase animal performance and productive efficiency. The pasture management practices and feed supplementation, mainly using non-edible feed with less costs, could minimize environmental and social impacts, resulting in higher productivity with less inputs utilization. Tropical grass submitted to grazing management according to plant height present high soluble protein and low levels of indigestible neutral detergent fiber contents. Energy or rumen undegradable protein supplementation, associated to alternative additives to antibiotics effects, such as probiotics, tannin, essential oils and saponin, can help to fully exploit the animal genetic potential and nutrient utilization efficiency, which decreases greenhouse gases emissions and improves animal performance. Hence, more information about these tools can make the livestock systems in tropical pasture more efficient and eco-friendlier.

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