scholarly journals Variations in Microbial Diversity and Metabolite Profiles of Female Landrace Finishing Pigs With Distinct Feed Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Wang ◽  
Yingzhi He ◽  
Chuduan Wang ◽  
Hong Ao ◽  
Zhen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Functional Annotations ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
High Feed

To enhance pig production, feed efficiency (FE) should be improved; however, the mechanisms by which gut microbes affect FE in pigs have not been fully elucidated. To investigate the differences between the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota associated with low and high FE, microbial compositions were characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, functional annotations were performed by shotgun metagenomics, and metabolomic profiles were created by GC-TOF-MS from female Landrace finishing pigs with low and high feed conversion ratios (FCRs). Lactobacillus was enriched in the gut microbiota of individuals with low FCRs (and thus high FE), while Prevotella abundance was significantly higher in individuals with high FCRs (and thus low FE). This may be linked to carbohydrate consumption and incomplete digestion. The activity of pathways involved in the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins was greater in pigs with lower FE. We also identified differences in pyruvate-related metabolism, including phenylalanine and lysine metabolism. This suggests that pyruvate metabolism is closely related to microbial fermentation in the colon, which in turn affects glycolysis. This study deepens our understanding of how gut microbiota are related to pig growth traits, and how regulating microbial composition could aid in improving porcine FE. However, these results need to be validated using a larger pig cohort in the future.

scholarly journals Association of gut microbiota with metabolism in juvenile Atlantic salmon

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dvergedal ◽  
S. R. Sandve ◽  
I. L. Angell ◽  
G. Klemetsdal ◽  
K. Rudi
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Gut Microbes

AbstractThe gut microbiome plays a key role in animal health and metabolism through the intricate functional interconnection between the feed, gut microbes, and the host. Unfortunately, in aquaculture, the links between gut microbes and fish genetics and production phenotypes are not well understood.In this study, we investigate the associations between gut microbial communities, fish feed conversion, and fish genetics in the domestic Atlantic salmon. Microbial community composition was determined for 230 juvenile fish from 23 full-sib families and was then regressed on growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and feed efficiency. We only found weak associations between host genetics and microbial composition. However, we did identify significant (p < 0.05) associations between the abundance of three microbial operational taxonomical units (OTUs) and fish metabolism phenotypes. Two OTUs were associated with both carbon metabolism in adipose tissue and feed efficiency, while a third OTU was associated with weight gain.In conclusion, this study demonstrates an intriguing association between host lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota composition in Atlantic salmon.

scholarly journals Association of gut microbiota with metabolism in juvenile Atlantic Salmon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dvergedal ◽  
S.R. Sandve ◽  
I.L. Angell ◽  
G. Klemetsdal ◽  
K. Rudi
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Gut Microbes

AbstractThe gut microbiome plays a key role in animal health and metabolism through the intricate functional interconnection between the feed, gut microbes, and the host. Unfortunately, in aquaculture, the links between gut microbes and fish genetics and production phenotypes are not well understood.In this study, we investigate the associations between gut microbial communities, fish feed conversion, and fish genetics in the domestic Atlantic salmon. Microbial community composition was determined for 230 juvenile fish from 23 full-sib families and was then regressed on growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and feed efficiency. We only found weak associations between host genetics and microbial composition. However, we did identify significant (p < 0.05) associations between the abundance of three microbial operational taxonomical units (OTUs) and fish metabolism phenotypes. Two OTUs were associated with both carbon metabolism in adipose tissue and feed efficiency, while a third OTU was associated with weight gain.In conclusion, this study demonstrates an intriguing association between host lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota composition in Atlantic salmon.

scholarly journals Distinct composition and metabolic functions of human gut microbiota are associated with cachexia in lung cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiong Ni ◽  
Zoltan Lohinai ◽  
Yoshitaro Heshiki ◽  
Balazs Dome ◽  
Judit Moldvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Functional Pathways

AbstractCachexia is associated with decreased survival in cancer patients and has a prevalence of up to 80%. The etiology of cachexia is poorly understood, and limited treatment options exist. Here, we investigated the role of the human gut microbiome in cachexia by integrating shotgun metagenomics and plasma metabolomics of 31 lung cancer patients. The cachexia group showed significant differences in the gut microbial composition, functional pathways of the metagenome, and the related plasma metabolites compared to non-cachectic patients. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), methylhistamine, and vitamins were significantly depleted in the plasma of cachexia patients, which was also reflected in the depletion of relevant gut microbiota functional pathways. The enrichment of BCAAs and 3-oxocholic acid in non-cachectic patients were positively correlated with gut microbial species Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus gasseri, respectively. Furthermore, the gut microbiota capacity for lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was significantly enriched in cachectic patients. The involvement of the gut microbiome in cachexia was further observed in a high-performance machine learning model using solely gut microbial features. Our study demonstrates the links between cachectic host metabolism and specific gut microbial species and functions in a clinical setting, suggesting that the gut microbiota could have an influence on cachexia with possible therapeutic applications.

The impact of human-facilitated selection on the gut microbiota of domesticated mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Alessandri ◽  
Christian Milani ◽  
Leonardo Mancabelli ◽  
Marta Mangifesta ◽  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Domestication is the process by which anthropogenic forces shape lifestyle and behavior of wild species to accommodate human needs. The impact of domestication on animal physiology and behavior has been extensively studied, whereas its effect on the gut microbiota is still largely unexplored. For this reason, 16S rRNA gene-based and internal transcribed spacer-mediated bifidobacterial profiling, together with shotgun metagenomics, was employed to investigate the taxonomic composition and metabolic repertoire of 146 mammalian fecal samples, corresponding to 12 domesticated–feral dyads. Our results revealed that changes induced by domestication have extensively shaped the taxonomic composition of the mammalian gut microbiota. In this context, the selection of microbial taxa linked to a more efficient feed conversion into body mass and putative horizontal transmission of certain bacterial genera from humans were observed in the fecal microbiota of domesticated animals when compared to their feral relatives and to humans. In addition, profiling of the metabolic arsenal through metagenomics highlighted extensive functional adaptation of the fecal microbial community of domesticated mammals to changes induced by domestication. Remarkably, domesticated animals showed, when compared to their feral relatives, increased abundance of specific glycosyl hydrolases, possibly due to the higher intake of complex plant carbohydrates typical of commercial animal feeds.

scholarly journals Honeybee genetics shape the strain-level structure of gut microbiota in social transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Wu ◽  
Haoyu Lang ◽  
Xiaohuan Mu ◽  
Zijing Zhang ◽  
Qinzhi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Microbiota Structure

AbstractHoneybee gut microbiota transmitted via social interactions are beneficial to the host health. Although the microbial community is relatively stable, individual variations and high strain-level diversity have been detected across honeybees. Although the bee gut microbiota structure is influenced by environmental factors, the heritability of the gut members and the contribution of the host genetics remains elusive. Considering bees within a colony are not readily genetically identical due to the polyandry of queen, we hypothesize that the microbiota structure can be shaped by host genetics. We used shotgun metagenomics to simultaneously profile the microbiota and host genotypes of individuals from hives of four different subspecies. Gut composition is more distant between genetically different bees at both phylotype- and “sequence-discrete population”-level. We then performed a successive passaging experiment within colonies of hybrid bees generated by artificial insemination, which revealed that the microbial composition dramatically shifts across batches of bees during the social transmission. Specifically, different strains from the phylotype of Snodgrassella alvi are preferentially selected by genetically varied hosts, and strains from different hosts show a remarkably biased distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphism in the Type IV pili loci. A genome-wide association analysis identified that the relative abundance of a cluster of Bifidobacterium strains is associated with the host glutamate receptor gene that is specifically expressed in the bee brain. Finally, mono-colonization of Bifidobacterium with a specific polysaccharide utilization locus impacts the expression and alternative splicing of the gluR-B gene, which is associated with an altered circulating metabolomic profile. Our results indicated that host genetics influence the bee gut composition, and suggest a gut-brain connection implicated in the gut bacterial strain preference. Honeybees have been used extensively as a model organism for social behaviors, genetics, and gut microbiome. Further identification of host genetic function as shaping force of microbial structure will advance our understanding of the host-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Distinct gut microbial communities and metabolic functions are associated with cachexia in lung cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiong Ni ◽  
Zoltan Lohinai ◽  
Yoshitaro Heshiki ◽  
Balazs Dome ◽  
Judit Moldvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Functional Pathways

Abstract Background Cachexia is associated with decreased survival in cancer patients and has a prevalence of up to 80%. The etiology of cachexia is poorly understood, and limited treatment options exist. Here, we investigated the role of the human gut microbiome in the clinical setting by integrating shotgun metagenomics and plasma metabolomics of 38 lung cancer patients, with known cachexia status. Results The cachexia group showed significant differences in the gut microbial composition, functional pathways of the metagenome, and the related plasma metabolites compared to non-cachectic patients. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), methylhistamine, as well as vitamins, were significantly depleted in the plasma of cachexia patients, which was also reflected in the depletion of relevant gut microbiota functional pathways. The enrichment of plasma BCAAs and 3-oxocholic acid in non-cachectic patients were positively correlated with the gut microbial species Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus gasseri, respectively. Furthermore, the gut microbiota capacity for lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was significantly enriched in the cancer cachectic patients. The involvement of gut microbiome in cachexia was further observed in a high-performance machine learning model that uses solely gut microbial taxonomic and pathway features to differentiate cachectic from non-cachectic cancer patients. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the links between host metabolism and specific gut microbial species and functions in a clinical setting, suggesting that the gut microbiota could have an influence on cachexia with possible future therapeutic applications.

Effects of Monensin on fattening performance of Sarabi male calves

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
K. Karkoodi ◽  
M. Zahedifar ◽  
S. A. Mirhadi ◽  
S. S. Mirghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fattening Performance ◽  
Streptomyces Cinnamonensis ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
High Feed

Shortage of feed is the main constraint in livestock industry in Iran. High feed cost encourages the farmers to look for cheaper feeds or somehow reduce the feed conversion ratio in the farms. One of methods which may increase the feed efficiency is using of ionophores in feedlots. Monensin is a polyether ionophore produced by a strain ofStreptomyces cinnamonensisthat improves energetic efficiency of ruminal fermentation (Haney and Hoehn, 1967). There are limited studies to assess the effects of ionophores at farm conditions in Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of monensin on fattening performance of Sarabi male calves. The monensin used in this experiment was supplied by Elanco Company.

scholarly journals A 31-bp indel in the 5' UTR region of GNB1L is significantly associated with chicken body weight and carcass traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuanhui Ren ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Wujian Lin ◽  
Wangyu Li ◽  
Mingjian Xian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
High Feed

Abstract Background: G-protein subunit beta 1 like ( GNB1L ) encodes a G-protein beta-subunit-like polypeptide. Chicken GNB1L is upregulated in the breast muscle of high feed efficiency chickens, and its expression is 1.52-fold that in low feed efficiency chickens. However, no report has described the effects of GNB1L indels on the chicken carcass and growth traits.Results: This study identified a 31-bp indel in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of GNB1L and elucidated the effect of this gene mutation on the carcass and growth traits in chickens. The 31-bp indel showed a highly significant association with the body weight at 8 different stages and was significantly correlated with daily gains at 0 to 4 weeks and 4 to 8 weeks. Similarly, the mutation was significantly associated with small intestine length, breast width, breast depth and breast muscle weight. Moreover, DD and ID were superior genotypes for chicken growth and carcass traits.Conclusions: These results show that the 31-bp indel of GNB1L significantly affects chicken body weight and carcass traits and can serve as a candidate molecular marker for chicken genetics and breeding programs.

scholarly journals Microbial Composition in the Duodenum and Ileum of Yellow Broilers With High and Low Feed Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijiao Lv ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Shangkun Zhai ◽  
Zhuocheng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

The composition of the gut microbiome plays important roles in digestion, nutrient absorption, and health. Here, we analyzed the microbial composition in the duodenum and ileum of yellow broilers. Chickens were grouped based on feed efficiency (high feed efficiency [HFE] and low feed efficiency [LFE] groups; n = 22 each). Microbial samples from the duodenum and ileum were collected, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3–V4 region was performed. The dominant bacteria in the duodenum were from the phyla Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria and the genera Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus. In the ileum, the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the genera Lactobacillus, SMB53 and Enterococcus were predominant. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the microbiota diversity was significantly higher in the duodenum than in the ileum. The structure of the ileal microbiota was similar between groups, and the species richness of the microbiota in the HFE group was significantly higher than that in the LFE group. In the HFE and LFE groups, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria were negatively correlated, and Lactobacillus had medium to high negative correlations with most other genera. Functional prediction analysis showed that the gluconeogenesis I pathway was the most abundant differential metabolic pathway and was significantly altered in the LFE group. Moreover, although the microbial community structures were similar in the duodenum and ileum, the diversity of the microbial community was significantly higher in the duodenum than in the ileum. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the phylum Chloroflexi and genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Neisseria were with coefficients &lt;−0.3 or &gt;0.3. In the ileum, Ruminococcus may be associated with HFE whereas Faecalibacterium may be associated with LFE. These findings may provide valuable foundations for future research on composition and diversity of intestinal microbes and provide insights into the roles of intestinal microbes in improving feed efficiency and the industrial economic benefits of yellow broilers.

Growth, feed intake and maternal performance of Angus heifers from high and low feed efficiency selection lines

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Morris ◽  
F. Y. Chan ◽  
N. Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
D. J. Garrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Maternal Performance ◽  
Angus Heifers

Feed conversion efficiency is an important factor affecting profitability for cow-calf production systems. One method of characterising feed conversion efficiency is by calculating residual feed intake (RFI), the difference between measured and expected feed intakes. A high RFI value indicates low feed efficiency while a low RFI value indicates high feed efficiency. The present experiment used 49 Angus heifers sired by Angus bulls selected for high or low RFI. The progeny were bred on commercial farms and then transferred to Massey University at weaning at ~200 days of age. The heifers were weighed at ~30-day intervals and were mated at 15 months, calved at 2 years old and reared their calf to ~160 days of age. Each heifer had recorded its own liveweight gain (from its weaning to weaning of its first calf), herbage intake at 350 and 450 days of age using the n-alkane technique and maternal performance (calf production). These records were analysed to estimate the RFI of each heifer, and to determine differences in RFI between selection lines. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in liveweight or dry matter requirements between selection lines at Day 350, but differences were significant (P < 0.05) at Day 450 such that the high feed efficiency line were 24.6 kg heavier and required an extra 0.32 kg/head.day of herbage. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the two lines in herbage intake or RFI measured at either Days 350 or 450. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in pregnancy rates, calf birth dates or birthweights, estimated 24-h milk production or calf weaning weights between the two lines. This experiment shows that beef cattle selected for low RFI have higher growth rates and heavier liveweights than cattle selected for high RFI; both lines had similar calf production at first breeding.

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