scholarly journals Folic Acid Absorption Characteristics and Effect on Cecal Microbiota of Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Ruirui Li ◽  
Xiaotian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Transport And Transformation ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

This experiment was conducted to investigate the characteristics of folic acid (FA) absorption in laying hens and the effect of FA supplementation on cecal microbiota. A total of 432 healthy hens (30-week-old) were randomly assigned to four diets supplemented with FA: 0, 1, 6, and 24 mg/kg of feed for 8 w. Blood, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and cecal chyme samples (six samples per treatment) were collected from the hens at the end of the feeding trial. Expression profiles of folate transport and transformation genes in intestine and cecal microbiota were detected. Results showed that serum folate level significantly increased (P < 0.01) with an increase in dietary FA supplementation, reaching a plateau at 6 mg/kg FA supplementation. The expression of FA transport and transformation genes was not affected in the cecum (P > 0.05) by dietary FA supplementation; however, it was affected in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and mostly showed a downward trend in treatment groups (P < 0.05). The genes affected include duodenal folate receptor (Folr) and dihydrofolate reductase (Dhfr), jejunal proton-coupled folate transporter (Pcft) and reduced folate carrier (Rfc), and ileal ATP binding cassette subfamily C member (Abcc2), Abcc3, Rfc, Folr, and Dhfr. Furthermore, according to the operational taxonomic unit classification and taxonomic position identification, the cecal microbiota population of the hens was not affected by dietary FA supplementation at the phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species levels (P > 0.05). However, the relative abundance of some microbiota was affected by dietary FA supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, FA transport from the intestinal lumen into enterocytes, and then into the bloodstream, is strictly regulated, which may be associated with the regulation of the expression profiles of genes involved in FA absorption. Pathogenic bacteria decreased in the cecum, especially at 24 mg/kg supplementation, but the beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteriaceae) decreased at this level, too. Overall, FA supplementation at 6 mg/kg, which was selected for folate-enriched egg production, did not affect the health and metabolism of laying hens negatively.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Dry Hydrastis canadensis on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Cecal Microbiota in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Tzuen-Rong J Tzeng ◽  
Tzu-Yu Liu ◽  
Chiao-Wei Lin ◽  
Pei-En Chang ◽  
Pei-Xin Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydrastis Canadensis ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Alternative growth promoters are able to not only effectively replace the traditional use of antibiotics but also provide additional health benefits for livestock and reduce food safety concerns. This study investigated the effects of dry Hydrastis canadensis on the laying performance and fecal microbial community of laying hens. Twenty-four Lohmann (LSL, white layer strain) hens were reared from 40 to 48 weeks of age and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (six birds/treatment). The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet with no treatment as control, a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots (R) or leaves (L), and a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of a mixture of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves (1:1, LR). No mortality was observed in the whole experimental period. The results indicated that albumen height in the LR group was significantly greater than that in the control group. The diet supplemented with Hydrastis canadensis had no significant effects on egg production rate, egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, or yolk height during the whole experimental phase. However, principal coordinate analysis, comparative heat map analysis, and cluster dendrogram analysis of cecal microbiota showed distinct clusters among the groups treated with Hydrastis canadensis and the control group. Regarding blood biochemical parameters, serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all Hydrastis canadensis-treated groups compared with those in the control group. Moreover, serum low-density lipoprotein levels were lower in hens supplemented with the leaf of Hydrastis canadensis. The abundances of the phyla Fusobacteria and Kiritimatiellaeota were increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed with 0.6% Hydrastis canadensis leaves, whereas the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes in cecum digesta decreased in response to treatment with Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves. The relative abundance of the Fusobacterium genus was higher in the LR group compared with that in the control. On the contrary, we found a different trend in the Synergistes genus. The potential influences of these microbiota on the performance of laying hens were discussed. The results demonstrate that Hydrastis canadensis can improve the egg albumen height and modulate the cecum digesta microbiota composition of laying hens.

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils-Based Supplement and Salmonella Infection on Gene Expression, Blood Parameters, Cecal Microbiome, and Egg Production in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Georgi Yu. Laptev ◽  
Elena A. Yildirim ◽  
Larisa A. Ilina ◽  
Valentina A. Filippova ◽  
Ivan I. Kochish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Blood Biochemical

One of the main roles in poultry resistance to infections caused by Salmonella is attributed to host immunity and intestinal microbiota. We conducted an experiment that involved challenging Lohmann White laying hens with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), feeding them a diet supplemented with an EOs-based phytobiotic Intebio®. At 1 and 7 days post-inoculation, the expression profiles of eight genes related to immunity, transport of nutrients in the intestine, and metabolism were examined. Cecal microbiome composition and blood biochemical/immunological indices were also explored and egg production traits recorded. As a result, the SE challenge of laying hens and Intebio® administration had either a suppressive or activating effect on the expression level of the studied genes (e.g., IL6 and BPIFB3), the latter echoing mammalian/human tissue-specific expression. There were also effects of the pathogen challenge and phytobiotic intake on the cecal microbiome profiles and blood biochemical/immunological parameters, including those reflecting the activity of the birds’ immune systems (e.g., serum bactericidal activity, β-lysine content, and immunoglobulin levels). Significant differences between control and experimental subgroups in egg performance traits (i.e., egg weight/number/mass) were also found. The phytobiotic administration suggested a positive effect on the welfare and productivity of poultry.

scholarly journals Preconception Folic Acid Use Modulates Estradiol and Follicular Responses to Ovarian Stimulation

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-334
Author(s):  
John M. Twigt ◽  
Fatima Hammiche ◽  
Kevin D. Sinclair ◽  
Nicole G. Beckers ◽  
Jenny A. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Dna Hypomethylation

Background: Folate is a methyl donor. Availability of folate affects DNA methylation profiles and thereby gene expression profiles. We investigated the effects of low-dose folic acid use (0.4 mg/d) on the ovarian response to mild and conventional ovarian stimulation in women. Methods: In a randomized trial among subfertile women, 24 and 26 subjects received conventional and mild ovarian stimulation, respectively. Blood samples were taken during the early follicular phase of the cycle prior to treatment and on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration for determination of serum total homocysteine, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol, and folate. Folic acid use was validated by questionnaire and serum folate levels. Preovulatory follicles were visualized, counted, and diameters recorded using transvaginal ultrasound. The relation between folic acid use and ovarian response was assessed using linear regression analysis. Results: Folic acid use modified the ovarian response to ovarian stimulation treatment. The estradiol response was higher in nonfolic acid users receiving conventional treatment [βinteraction = 0.52 (0.07–0.97); P = 0.03], and this effect was independent of serum AMH levels and the preovulatory follicle count. In the conventional treatment, the mean follicle number was also greater in nonusers compared with the users group (14.1 vs. 8.9, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Low-dose folic acid use attenuates follicular and endocrine responses to conventional stimulation, independent of AMH and follicle count. The nature of this observation suggests that the effect of folic acid is most prominent during early follicle development, affecting immature follicles. Deleterious effects of folate deficiency, like DNA hypomethylation and oxidative stress, can help to explain our observations.

scholarly journals Extraction of Uronic Acid From Sargassum crassifolium and Its Feeding Effects On The Eggs Production and Quality of Lohmann Chicken Eggs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Veybe Gresje Kereh ◽  
Ivonne Maria Untu ◽  
Marie Najoan ◽  
T. Lumi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Chicken Eggs

ABSTRACTThe use of antibiotics in chicken feed is currently banned because it can cause resistance to pathogenic bacteria and cause residues in products. This study aimed to see the effect of drinking water containing uronic acid extracted from Sargassum crassifolium (S. crassifolium) on the physical and chemical quality of Lohmann chicken eggs. One hundred and twenty laying hens were divided into 2 groups: (1) chickens given commercial feed containing antibiotics and (2) feed without additional antibiotics. The chickens were randomly assigned to one of the 5 brown seaweed supplementation treatments in drinking water A1=0.0% S.crassifolium (control); A2=2.5% S.crassifolium; A3=5.0% S.crassifolium; A4=7.5% S.crassifolium; A5=10.0% S.crassifolium. The study used a completely randomized factorial design of 5 treatments, 2 factors, and 3 replications. Each replication consisted of 6 heads of laying hens. There were no differences between treatments on the performance of laying hens (egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion); physical quality (eggshell, egg yolk, egg white, shell thickness, egg yolk, Haugh unit, egg index) and chemistry (superoxide dismutase production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Lohmann chicken egg cholesterol) but there was a difference in feed intake. The uronic acid extracted from S. crassifolium has not been able to increase the production and quality of Lohmann chicken eggs.Keywords: lohmann chicken, quality of eggs, Sargassum crassifolium, uronic acid

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Restriction on the Microbiota and Metabolome Response in Late-Phase Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3043
Author(s):  
Clara Ajeng Artdita ◽  
Yi-Ru Zhuang ◽  
Tzu-Yu Liu ◽  
Chih-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Felix Shih-Hsiang Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Egg Production Rate ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

This study investigated cecal bacterial community profile, cecal and serum metabolites, and its biosynthesis pathway in late-phase laying hens during 6 weeks feeding restriction (FR), using 16S rDNA as gene sequencing and non-targeted LC-MS/MS as metabolomics approach. We used three groups (ad libitum, FR20, and FR40). FR can reduce excessive fat in late-phase laying hens, while egg production rate is not affected, except for the FR40 group. In phylum level, FR20 had more population of Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes amongst groups. The same result is at genus level, FR20 were higher of the predominant genus (Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group). Both of FR20 and FR40 reduced Proteobacteria as potential pathogenic bacteria. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that FR20 modified 20 metabolites in cecal and 10 metabolites in serum of laying hens, whereas 48 cecal metabolites and 31 serum metabolites has revealed in FR40. KEGG assay showed FR20 and FR40 upregulated lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleic acid pathway, and FR40 modified steroid metabolism in cecal analysis. In serum, only FR40 modified lipid, amino acid pathway, and carbohydrate biosynthesis were shown. This study showed that FR during late-phase laying hens altered the microbiome composition, modified metabolites profile and biosynthesis of the cecal as well as serum.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the Performance, Morphology, Cecal Microbiota and Gut Barrier Function of Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1523
Author(s):  
Guangzhi Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Xinming Tang ◽  
Abdul Raheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Tight Junction Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

We investigated the efficacy of a single bacterium strain, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) YW1, on the performance, morphology, cecal microbiota, and intestinal barrier function of laying hens. A total of 216 28-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were divided into three dietary treatment groups, with six replicates of 12 birds each for 4 weeks. The control group (Ctr) was fed a basal diet and the treatment groups, T1 and T2, were fed a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis at a dose rate of 5 × 108 CFU/kg and 2.5 × 109 CFU/kg, respectively. Dietary supplementation with B. subtilis did not significantly affect overall egg production in both groups, with no obvious changes in average egg weight and intestine morphology. B. subtilis administration also improved the physical barrier function of the intestine by inducing significantly greater expression levels of the tight junction protein occludin in T1 (p = 0.07) and T2 (p < 0.05). Further, supplementation with B. subtilis effectively modulated the cecal microbiota, increasing the relative level of beneficial bacteria at the genus level (e.g., Bifidobacterium p < 0.05, Lactobacillus p = 0.298, Bacillus p = 0.550) and decreasing the level of potential pathogens (e.g., Fusobacterium p < 0.05, Staphylococcus p < 0.05, Campylobacter p = 0.298). Overall, B. subtilis YW1 supplementation cannot significantly improve the egg production; however, it modulated the cecal microbiota towards a healthier pattern and promoted the mRNA expression of the tight junction protein occludin in laying hens, making B. subtilis YW1 a good probiotic candidate for application in the poultry industry, and further expanding the resources of strains of animal probiotics.

ПРЕРЫВИСТОЕ ОСВЕЩЕНИЕ ПОВЫШАЕТ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ОСЕМЕНЕНИЯ КУР В КЛЕТКАХ

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Egg Fertility

Intermittent Lighting Improves the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Cage Housed Laying Hens Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Kolokolnikova T.N. Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center Summary: The effects of different lighting regimes on the oviposition schedule, productive performance, and reproductive efficiency in cage housed laying hens of layer parental flock (Hisex White-R) were studied; the reasonable regime of artificial insemination (AI) under intermittent lighting is proposed. It was found that intermittent lighting regime 1L:4D:4L:1D:4L:10D compared to the constant lighting significantly alters oviposition schedule: under this regime 82.3% of all daily eggs were laid until 9 am (vs. 66.6% in control). This regime and AI at 10 am improved the productive and reproductive performance compared to control (constant lighting 16L:8D and AI at 12 am): mortality by 1.9%, egg production per initial hen by 3.8%, egg weight by 1.1%, percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 1.9%, egg fertility by 0.9%, hatchability by 2.3%, hatch of chicks by 2.9%, feed conversion ratio (kg of feed per 10 eggs) by 5.3%, the expenses of electric energy for lighting (per 1000 eggs suitable for incubation) by 54.5%. Key words: INTERMITTENT LIGHTING, CAGE HOUSED LAYERS, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI), OVIPOSITION SCHEDULE, AI TIMING, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

Folate Nutritional Status among Psoriasis Patients not Exposed to Antifolate Drug

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
Luciana Y. Tomita ◽  
Andréia C. da Costa ◽  
Solange Andreoni ◽  
Luiza K.M. Oyafuso ◽  
Vânia D’Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Folic Acid Fortification ◽  
Plasma Folate ◽  
Psoriasis Severity

Background: Folic acid fortification program has been established to prevent tube defects. However, concern has been raised among patients using anti-folate drug, i.e. psoriatic patients, a common, chronic, autoimmune inflammatory skin disease associated with obesity and smoking. Objective: To investigate dietary and circulating folate, vitamin B12 (B12) and homocysteine (hcy) in psoriatic subjects exposed to the national mandatory folic acid fortification program. Methods: Cross-sectional study using the Food Frequency Questionnaire, plasma folate, B12, hcy and psoriasis severity using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. Median, interquartile ranges (IQRs) and linear regression models were conducted to investigate factors associated with plasma folate, B12 and hcy. Results: 82 (73%) mild psoriasis, 18 (16%) moderate and 12 (11%) severe psoriasis. 58% female, 61% non-white, 31% former smokers, and 20% current smokers. Median (IQRs) were 51 (40, 60) years. Only 32% reached the Estimated Average Requirement of folate intake. Folate and B12 deficiencies were observed in 9% and 6% of the blood sample respectively, but hyperhomocysteinaemia in 21%. Severity of psoriasis was negatively correlated with folate and B12 concentrations. In a multiple linear regression model, folate intake contributed positively to 14% of serum folate, and negative predictors were psoriasis severity, smoking habits and saturated fatty acid explaining 29% of circulating folate. Conclusion: Only one third reached dietary intake of folate, but deficiencies of folate and B12 were low. Psoriasis severity was negatively correlated with circulating folate and B12. Stopping smoking and a folate rich diet may be important targets for managing psoriasis.

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