scholarly journals Geopolitical and economic rivalry of capitalist powers for influences in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Przemysław Sieradzan
Keyword(s):  
Asian Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Liberal Capitalism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The present paper aims to present the rivalry of global and regional capitalist powers for political, strategic, diplomatic, and economic influences in the contemporary Republic of Uzbekistan. The modern history and the contemporary political situation of the Uzbek state are the most important points of issue. After years of international isolation and etatist social and economic policy, under the new political leadership Uzbekistan implements economic transformation in the spirit of neo-liberal capitalism and it opens itself towards different forms of international cooperation and foreign investments. As a result, a Central Asian country which was isolated until recently gradually becomes an object of rivalry for economic and geopolitical influences. So far Uzbekistan has not become a satellite state or a quasi-colony of any of the powers. The multi-vector policy pursued by the political environment of Shavkat Mirziyoyev seems so far to successfully prevent the country being dominated by any outside center. The present article brings up the subject of relations of Uzbekistan with four great powers: the United States of America, the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China, and the Republic of Turkey.

The Turkish Straits in the Light of Recent Turkish-Soviet Russian Correspondence

1947 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemil Bilsel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
General Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

It will be remembered that notes were exchanged between the United States, Great Britain, Soviet Kussia, and the Republic of Turkey on the subject of the Turkish Straits which it was desired during the Potsdam talks to link with the general problem of peace. It is our intention to discuss the problem of the Straits in the light of these notes.

A Territorial Pattern for the Military Occupation of Germany

1944 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-975
Author(s):  
James K. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Soviet Leader ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

With the military defeat of Germany now assured, it becomes imperative to complete plans for occupation of the country. There is apparent agreement among the United Nations that Germany must be occupied; but, although much work has been done on the subject, by both the military and political branches of the several Allied Governments, to date we have not had any general policy directives from the heads of the three great powers, namely, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States. Presumably, at the Teheran conference Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin came to a preliminary meeting of minds with reference to the various aspects of the war against Germany. At the second Quebec conference, it may reasonably be assumed that the President and Mr. Churchill, keeping in close contact with the Soviet leader, finally came to some definite agreement regarding the measures necessary to encompass the complete defeat and occupation of Germany.It has been generally agreed all around that Germany must be occupied by the troops of the Allied Nations, but many of the specific details of such an occupation have not yet been thought through. When we speak of the occupation of Germany, we must first of all define exactly what we mean by the term Germany. It is expected that “Germany” will be understood to cover only those territories included within the Republic prior to Hitler's accession to power. It might be better to agree that the boundaries shall be understood to be those of January 1, 1932.

The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
Madoka Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.

Negotiating the Cold War: The United States and the Two Koreas

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Steven Hugh Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Agreed Framework ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractSince December 1997, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of Korea (ROK), and the United States have met in a series of talks aimed at promoting peace and stability on the Korean peninsula and in the region. According to a November 1998 U.S. Department of Defense report, the discussions have created a “diplomatic venue for reducing tensions and ultimately replacing the Armistice Agreement with a permanent peace settlement.”1 Amidst the tragic human suffering which has occurred in North Korea, there have been some encouraging developments on the peninsula. The 1994 Agreed Framework between the United States and North Korea placed international controls on North Korea’s atomic energy program and cautiously anticipated the normalization of U.S.-DPRK relations. Since assuming power in early 1998, South Korean President Kim Dae Jung has vigorously pursued a policy of engagement with P’yo¨ngyang, known as the “sunshine policy.” Over the past decade, North Korea has also reoriented its foreign policy. In the early 1990s, the regime’s social and economic crisis led to a rethinking of its autarkic economic system. By early 1994, the state had created new free trade zones and relatively open foreign investment laws.2 By complying with the Agreed Framework, the DPRK has also shown a willingness to work with the international community on sensitive issues affecting its internal sovereignty and ability to project power beyond its borders.

TYPES OF OVERWORK AND JOBS THAT CANNOT BE OVERWORKED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LABOR LAW NO. 4857

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Altuğ YENGİNAR
Keyword(s):  
Labor Law ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Human Right ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The right to work has been recognized as a fundamental human right in almost all international human rights documents and in the constitutions of many countries. This right has been recognized and guaranteed as a fundamental human right also in the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. However, not only recognizing and guaranteeing "work" as a fundamental human right but also regulating its implementation and functioning within the framework of laws is of great importance. The concept of overwork is a concept that has been mentioned in the Labor Law regarding the implementation and functioning of the concept of work and it is regulated in our Labor Law No. 4857. In order to talk about overwork, a limited working time is required. In this context, upon determining the maximum number of hours a worker can work per week by drawing a limit on working hours in Labor Law No. 4857, overwork, which is the subject of work exceeding this period, is defined. Furthermore, the types of overwork that arise depending on the reasons for overworking, as well as the jobs that cannot be overworked, are regulated in the same Law.

The End of the Ottoman Empire, 2017. Color, 104 min. In English, French, and German with English and German subtitles. Director: Mathilde Damoise. Distributor: Icarus Films, http://icarusfilms.com/if-otto.

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Didem Havlioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Since the 1950s, historiographical trends in scholarship have re-considered the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent nation-state building of the Republic of Turkey. The social and political evolution of the imperial system into a nation-state has been alternatively explained through geopolitical pressures, domestic resistance, the expanding economy and modernism in Europe, and the inability of the Ottoman establishment to cope with the rapid changes of the nineteenth century. Constructing one holistic narrative of a vast time period of upheaval is a difficult endeavor for any scholar. In the case of the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of the Republic of Turkey, ethno-religious networks, two world wars, geopolitical competition between the great powers, regional and pan-regional insurgencies, demographic displacement, nationalist fervor sweeping through the Balkan and Arab provinces and into Anatolia, and finally the Kurdish armed resistance renders succinct historical narratives all but impossible to achieve. Thus, while there are many stories of the end of the Ottoman Empire, an overview of the issues for students and general audiences is a much needed, but audacious, undertaking. Yet for understanding the Middle East and Southeastern Europe today, a critical narrative must be told in all its complexity.

scholarly journals THE DOYEN OF TURKISH LITERATURE IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- ILHAMI EMIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2295-2299
Author(s):  
Ivana Koteva ◽  
Mahmut Celik
Keyword(s):  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Turkish People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Great Merit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The City

The subject of our interest in the research that preceded this scholarly work was the life and creative path of Ilhami Emin, that is, his contribution to the development of Turkish literature in the Republic of Macedonia. For the purpose we consulted with literary works that offer many data, that is, they talk about the period in which he lived and created "the poet of the Turkish people". Beginning from his birth in the city of Radovis, his tumultuous school years to his work and successful acting in various cultural areas, we once again prove his great merit for the development of Turkish literature in our region. Ilhami Emin conveyed another important feature in his creation, which is bilingualism. Namely, he creates and publishes in parallel both in Turkish and in the Macedonian language, that is, his works are published in the Republic of Macedonia and the Republic of Turkey, which is why we can say that Emin has in range and aesthetically charged both the Turkish and the Macedonian literature.

Impacts of Visa Policy on Inbound Tourism in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (59) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbota Abdrakhman
Keyword(s):  
Asian Country ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
Visa Application ◽  
Visa Policy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Migration

Every destination in the world tries to create affordable conditions for tourists to get the maximum benefit from international tourism and one of these conditions is accessibility, which refers to the visa policy of a country. An effective and appropriate visa policy makes travel destinations more attractive and easily accessible to visit. This research focuses on the visa policy of Central Asian country – the Republic of Kazakhstan and reveals several problems related to it, such as lack of information on the visa application process, especially on e-visa, raw systemized visa and migration portal, a long list of visa-needed countries, plenty of refusals in invitation letters by Migration Police and existence of huge visa restrictions for some countries. The current visa policy makes the Republic of Kazakhstan less open to foreigners and less competitive among other countries. Based on a literature review on visa policy and its effects on the economy and tourism sector in a destination and by using comparative analysis of visa policies of two Central Asian countries – Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, several problems that affect inbound tourism, as well as recommendations for improvement of visa policy for Kazakh government are discussed in this research.

Yongping, Li [李永平] (1947--)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Groppe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Education ◽  
Chinese Language Education ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Literary Fame

Li Yongping is a Taiwan author who rose to literary fame for a collection of interrelated short stories called Retribution: The Jiling Chronicles (吉陵春秋, 1986), considered among the works exemplifying the best of Taiwan modernism. Now a citizen of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Li was born in Kuching, a city in the East Malaysian state of Sarawak, in northwest Borneo. Sarawak became a British crown colony in 1946, and then joined the independent Federation of Malaysia in 1963. Li left Kuching in 1967 to pursue university education in Taiwan, following a route that was and has remained popular with many Chinese Malaysians who, like Li himself, had received some Chinese-language education in Malaysia. Li graduated from National Taiwan University in 1971 and later received postgraduate degrees in the United States. Li relinquished his Malaysian citizenship in 1987. Over the course of his career, Li has published several long novels and collections of short stories and essays; he has also worked as an editor, translator, and professor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document