scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutritive Value and the Fatty Acid, Phenol, Tannin and Terpenoid Contents of Nine Pastures in an Alpine District during the Summer Season

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Pier Giorgio Peiretti ◽  
Sonia Tassone ◽  
Narges Vahdani ◽  
Giovanna Battelli ◽  
Francesco Gai
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Nw Italy

A study was conducted over the summer of 2014 on nine Alpine pastures in the Chisone and Susa Valleys (NW Italy). The aim was to characterize the variation in the chemical composition, gross energy, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), fatty acids (FA), total phenols, total and condensed tannin contents, and terpenoid profile. The dry matter, ash, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, lignin, and gross energy contents of the pastures were found to differ. All the pastures had good IVTD (706–829 g/kg DM) and NDFD (487–694 g/kg NDF) values. The most abundant FAs in all the pastures were α-linolenic (354–519 g/kg of the total FAs), linoleic (75–110 g/kg of the total FAs), and palmitic acid (64–89 g/kg of the total FAs) and they differed significantly among pastures. No significant differences were found in the total phenols, or in the total and condensed tannin contents among pastures. Fifty-eight terpenoids were detected and 4-cyclopentene-1, 3-dione, β-caryophyllene, and eucalyptol were the most abundant. The terpenoids differed both qualitatively and quantitatively among pastures. The results highlight the importance of the great biodiversity of pastures, which provide a balanced distribution of fundamental nutritional elements and bioactive compounds in grasslands.

scholarly journals Partitioning of Forage Mass and Nutritive Value in Sunn Hemp Leaf and Stem Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Isaac Lepcha ◽  
Harley D. Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Sunn hemp (SH; Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast-growing, annual, warm-season tropical legume that could complement less productive cool-season forages such as tall fescue during summer. Little is known about seasonal forage mass and nutritive value partitioning in SH plant components when SH is managed for forage. We determined partitioning of forage mass and nutritive value (crude protein (CP), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD)) concentrations in SH leaves and stems harvested 35, 45, and 55 days after planting (DAP) at Bradford Research Center, Columbia, MO, in a 2-year field study. Leaf and stem mass increased with increasing DAP and was greatest ( P ≤ 0.05 ) at 55 DAP followed by 45 and 35 DAP. Stems contributed most to the total forage mass beyond 45 DAP. Across years, CP was greatest ( P ≤ 0.05 ) in leaves (281 g kg−1 DM) and lowest for stems (81 g kg−1 DM) at 55 DAP. The lowest NDF ( P ≤ 0.05 ) was observed in leaves (251 g kg−1 DM) and stems (585 g kg−1 DM) at 35 DAP. Acid detergent fiber was lowest ( P ≤ 0.05 ) for SH leaves (178 g kg−1 DM) and stems (484 g kg−1 DM) at 35 DAP. Digestibility of leaves was greater than that of stems and generally decreased with maturity. The nutritive value of leaves was consistently greater than that of stems and decreased with maturity, except for CP of leaves, which was maintained throughout the season. Results suggested that SH leaves can maintain forage mass and greater quality than its stem throughout the growing season.

Seasonal changes in forage nutritive value of common weeds encountered in Missouri pastures

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Gatlin Bunton ◽  
Zach Trower ◽  
Craig Roberts ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Growing Seasons

AbstractDuring the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons, weed and weed-free mixed tall fescue and legume forage samples were harvested from 29 pastures throughout Missouri for investigation of the nutritive value of 20 common pasture weed species throughout the season. At certain times during the growing season, many broadleaf weed species had greater nutritive values for a given quality parameter as compared with the available weed-free, mixed tall fescue and legume forage harvested from the same location. There were no significant differences in crude protein concentration between the weed-free forage and many weeds throughout the growing season. However, crude protein content of common burdock, common cocklebur, common ragweed, dandelion, horsenettle, and lanceleaf ragweed was greater than that of the corresponding forage sample at multiple collection periods. The digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF) content of all broadleaf weeds except lanceleaf ragweed was significantly lower than that of the weed-free forage at all collection periods. Conversely, large crabgrass had significantly greater digestible neutral detergent fiber levels than did the mixed tall fescue forage at all sampling dates. Dandelion and spiny amaranth had greater in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) content than did the forage for the entire growing season. Three perennial weeds—horsenettle, vervains, and late boneset—did not differ in IVTD levels as compared with the mixed tall fescue and legume forage at any collection date. For most summer annual weeds, the trend was toward greater digestibility earlier in the season, with a gradual decline and often lower IVTD by the late summer or early fall. The results of this study will enable producers to make more informed management decisions about the potential benefit or detriment a weed may provide to the overall nutritive value of the pasture system.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy genotypes under varying N fertilization

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
A. Brégard ◽  
R. Michaud ◽  
G. F. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Populations and half-sib families of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), contrasting in forage N concentration, were studied in two experiments conducted in growth rooms with varying N applications. They differed in leaf and stem in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of DM and in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVCWD), and in stem neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration; this confirms the presence of genetic variability for leaf and stem nutritive value in timothy under both limiting and non-limiting N conditions. Key words: Digestibility, grasses, Phleum pratense, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber

scholarly journals Animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Piatã-grass in integrated systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033
Author(s):  
D.C. Martins ◽  
S.D.J. Villela ◽  
R.G. Almeida ◽  
S.A.C. Araújo ◽  
L.D. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in two integrated systems, during the summer and winter, five years after the initial establishment of the area. The randomized block experimental design was adopted with treatments consisting of a control (five native trees per hectare) and an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) system with 227 eucalyptus trees per hectare. Animal performance, canopy height, soil cover, forage mass (leaf, stem and senescent material), and forage nutritive value were evaluated. Differences between systems were observed in forage mass (total, leaf, stem and senescent material), soil cover and forage nutritive value in both seasons. Shading conditions provided by eucalyptus in the ICLF system lead to a reduction in forage mass and neutral detergent fiber content, and to an increase in crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility. However, no effect on animal performance was obtained. The presence of trees improves the forage nutritive value without impacting animal performance in integrated systems.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value of Alfalfa Harvested with a Modified Flail Chopper

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Andrzejewska ◽  
Stanisław Ignaczak ◽  
Kenneth A. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Early Flower

The leaves of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are a valuable source of protein, and the stems a source of fiber. Harvest methods are sought that would allow separation of different plant fractions for agricultural or industrial functions. A solution is proposed, consisting of collecting leaves together with upper, fine stem fragments, while leaving most of the stem standing in the field. For this purpose, a modified flail chopper (MFC), typically used for harvesting green forage, was employed. The objective of this study was to assess the forage value of alfalfa biomass harvested at various development stages using an MFC, and stem stubble remaining after harvest. Alfalfa was harvested with a sickle-bar mower or MFC in the first and second cuts at bud, early flower and late flower stages of development. Using the MFC, 60% to 74% of the potential dry matter yield of alfalfa was harvested, in which the proportion of leaves was, on average, 22% greater than the proportion of leaves in forage harvested with a mower. Crude protein concentration was, on average, 16% greater and neutral detergent fiber concentration 13% less in alfalfa harvested with the MFC than with a mower. In alfalfa harvested with the MFC at early flower, crude protein concentration and in vitro true digestibility were similar or greater than, with neutral and acid detergent fiber at a similar or lower level as in forage harvested with a mower at bud stage. The forage nutritive value of alfalfa harvested with an MFC at late flower was similar to the forage value of alfalfa cut with a mower at early flower. The chemical composition of the 20 to 50 cm tall residual stubble was affected little by plant maturity or harvest method, and the quality parameters also indicate the possibility of its forage use.

scholarly journals Farklı Maltlık Arpa Çeşitlerinin Besin Değerlerinin In Vitro Gaz Üretim Tekniği Kullanılarak Tespiti

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behlül Sevim ◽  
Tugay Ayaşan ◽  
İsmail Ülger ◽  
Şerife Ergül ◽  
Sait Aykanat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
A Value ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Malt Barley

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of malt barley varieties using in vitro gas production technique and in vitro methane production. Atılır, Durusu and Fırat were used as three malt barley varieties. As a result of this study, between the varieties in terms of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose (HEM) were found significantly important but differences between the varieties in terms of ADF were not found significant. The gas production rate of malt barley varieties ranged from 64.00 to 72.50 ml/200 mg DM. The metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) contents of malt barley varieties ranged from 11.75 to 12.86 MJ/kg DM and 7.16 to 7.98 MJ/kg DM respectively. The highest methane (CH4) content was obtained from the variety of Fırat with a value of 13.34 ml/200 mg DM, whereas the lowest value was obtained from the Atılır variety with a value of 12.16 ml/200 mg DM.

scholarly journals Tannin concentration and degradation rate in vitro of Morus alba and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aldenamar Cruz Hernández ◽  
David Hernández Sanchez ◽  
Armando Gómez-Vázquez ◽  
Alejandra Govea-Luciano ◽  
Juan M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Tannin Concentration

The study evaluated the influence of age (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), free condensed tannins (FCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT), protein-bound condensed tannin content (PBCT), in vitro degradation rate of DM (DMkd), CP (CPkd) and NDF (NDFkd) of Morus alba (MA) and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRS). For MA leaves, there was a quadratic (p < 0.01) relationship between CP content and age: the CP content of 60, 90 and 120 days-old leaves was similar, but it was lower than that of 30 days-old leaves. For HRS leaves, CP content decreased linearly (p < 0.01) as age increased, and NDF content increased linearly (p < 0.01). For both MA and HRS, there were cubit (p < 0.01) effects of age on FCT, FBCT and PBCT content, in which the highest values were found in 120-d-old leaves and the lowest in 30 and 90 d-old leaves. Furthermore, old leaves had a linear decrease in DMkd, CPkd, and NDFkd. DMkd, CPkd, and NDFkd negatively correlated (p < 0.001) with FCT, FBCT, and PBCT content. For both MA and HRS, 90 days-old leaves had higher nutritional value than 120 days-old leaves.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MATURITY STAGES ON POTENTIAL NUTRITIVE VALUE OF VICIA CRACCA (L.) HAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Beyza Ciftci ◽  
Onur Okumus ◽  
Sati Uzun ◽  
Mahmut Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Vicia Cracca

The aim of the current experiment was to determine the effect of harvesting stage on the potential nutritive value. Vicia cracca plant was harvested at three maturity stages (before flowering, flowering and seeding). Vicia cracca plants were dried at 70 °C and grinded in a hand-mill with 1 mm sieve for chemical analysis. Crude protein, crude oil, crude ash, condensed tannin, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) parameters were investigated as the chemical composition. Harvesting stage had a significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect on chemical composition. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents were increased with advancing maturity whereas crude protein, crude oil, condensed tannin and crude ash contents were decreased. As a conclusion, the nutritive value of Vicia cracca plant decreased with increasing maturity. Vicia cracca hays harvested at three maturity stages were adequate in term of mineral content for ruminant. Therefore, the Vicia cracca plant can be harvested or grazed before flowering and flowering stages due to high crude protein, crude oil and low ADF and NDF.

scholarly journals The effect of stage of regrowth on the physical composition and nutritive value of the various vertical strata of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) pastures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. Benvenutti ◽  
Craig Findsen ◽  
Jean V. Savian ◽  
David G. Mayer ◽  
David G. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Physical Composition

A plot study was conducted at the Gatton Research Dairy, Queensland, Australia, to quantify the effects of 5 regrowth periods (9, 11, 14, 16 and 18 days) and 4 vertical strata on the composition and nutritive value of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) pastures using a block factorial design with 4 replicates. Pasture samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom), in vitro indigestible neutral detergent fibre (iNDF240) and minerals. Metabolizable energy (ME) was then calculated from the concentrations of other nutrients. Regardless of the stage of regrowth, stems were located mainly in the bottom 1 or 2 strata, while leaves were present mainly in the top 2 or 3 strata. CP, ESC and ME declined, but aNDFom, ADF and iNDF240 increased with stage of regrowth and from top to bottom of the swards (P<0.05). While herbage quality variables were affected by both factors, vertical stratum had a much larger impact on quality than stage of regrowth. These results indicate that grazing management of kikuyu pastures should be based not only on stage of regrowth but also on level of defoliation, as both have strong impacts on the nutritive value of the consumed forage.

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