The Buzz Changes within Time: Native Apis mellifera mellifera Honeybee Subspecies Less and Less Popular among Polish Beekeepers Since 1980

Socio-cultural research might address anthropocentric reasons for honeybee (Apis mellifera) conservation. In some regions, particular honeybee subspecies are considered to be native; A. mellifera mellifera (“dark bee”) in the north-east and A. mellifera carnica in the Island Beskids in Poland. Additionally, A. mellifera caucasia (often incorrectly called A. mellifera caucasica) and Buckfast are reported across Poland. In order to verify the actual choice of beekeepers, a survey on honeybee subspecies kept in apiaries was conducted annually from 1980 to 2018. This is a way to verify if conservation management towards the dark bee influenced its maintenance at a sufficient level for their restoration. The analysis revealed that Polish beekeepers know what is “buzzing” in their hives, and the awareness of which subspecies/types of honeybee they maintain has grown through the years. Initially, they kept up to four different subspecies per apiary, but now most have only one (maximum of two). Currently, Polish apiaries approach a homogeneous share with the exclusive presence of A. mellifera carnica subspecies. The popularity of indigenous A. mellifera mellifera has declined over time and is low now. It seems that new solutions should be considered to increase the effectiveness of dark European bee conservation management efforts.

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Health inequalities are worsening in the North East of England

British Medical Bulletin ◽

10.1093/bmb/ldaa008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Valerie Corris ◽

Emily Dormer ◽

Andrea Brown ◽

Paula Whitty ◽

Paul Collingwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Poor Health ◽

Substantial Variation ◽

Regional Health ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background The North of England, particularly the North East (NE), has worse health (e.g. 2 years lower life expectancy) and higher health inequalities compared to the rest of England. Sources of data We explore this over time drawing on publicly available data. Areas of agreement and controversy Whilst overall health is improving, within-regional health inequalities are getting worse and the gap between the NE and other regions (particularly the South of England) is worsening. The gap in life expectancy is widening with substantial variation between deprived and affluent areas within the NE. Those living in the NE are more likely to have a shorter lifespan and to spend a larger proportion of their shorter lives in poor health, as well as being more likely to die prematurely from preventable diseases. Growing points We highlight wide, and in some cases increasing, inequalities in health outcomes between the NE and the rest of England. This health disadvantage and the north-south health divide are recognized; despite this, the situation appears to be worsening over the time. Areas timely for developing research Research to understand and reduce health inequalities is needed particularly in the NE of England where reductions could have enhanced the impact.

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The Cowie Line

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland ◽

10.9750/psas.135.119.161 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 135 ◽

pp. 119-161

Author(s):

Gordon J Barclay

Keyword(s):

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

The West ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Complete Survey ◽

Large Groups ◽

The Town ◽

Second World ◽

Over Time

The Cowie stop line, running west from the town of Stonehaven, the county town of the historical county of Kincardineshire, some 19km south of Aberdeen, has been recognized for some time as a well-preserved example of a Second World War anti-tank obstacle, but has not hitherto been described in detail. Its purpose was to stop any German force landing in the north-east penetrating into Angus and further south. To work effectively the line was extended to the west, by defences at the Bridge of Dye (on the Strachan–Fettercairn road) and the Devil’s Elbow (on the Braemar–Blairgowrie road) and planned demolitions on the Inverness–Perth road and railway. It originally comprised a dozen pillboxes, over 5km of anti-tank barrier, eight small and one large groups of anti-tank cubes and other defensive features. This paper outlines the strategic background, how the Cowie Line fitted into it, how the Line was constructed, and how its intended function changed over time. The results of the first complete survey of the surviving remains are also presented.

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Life Expectancy Heterogeneity and Pension Fairness: An Italian North-South Divide

Risks ◽

10.3390/risks9030057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Fabrizio Culotta

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Transfer Mechanism ◽

North West ◽

Tax Subsidy ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Geographical Perspective ◽

Year 2000 ◽

Italian Territory ◽

Over Time

This work documents a persistent life expectancy heterogeneity by gender and geography in Italy during the period 1995–2019. Based on deviations of life expectancy at age 65, it quantifies the implicit tax/subsidy mechanism triggered when pensions annuities are computed by adopting the same value of longevity for the whole population. The intensity of this transfer mechanism is then measured and projected over the decade 2020–2030. Results show that females are subsidized while males are taxed by around 10%. Differences by geography persist along the Italian territory. Since 1995 the macroarea of Mezzogiorno has been taxed by 2%, Center and North-West macroareas are being subsidized by around 1%, whereas North-East by 2%. The intensity of the mechanism, despite decreases over time, is higher among females since the year 2000. From a geographical perspective, the macroarea of Mezzogiorno shows the lowest intensity, but also the lowest reduction as compared to other macroareas. Projections indicate that the North-South divide in this implicit transfer mechanism will persist over the next decade.

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Regional variations and prevalence of psoriasis in Germany from 2010 to 2017: a cross-sectional, spatio-epidemiological study on ambulatory claims data

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e047806

Author(s):

Valerie Andrees ◽

Sandra Wolf ◽

Matthias Augustin ◽

Nicole Mohr ◽

Jobst Augustin

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Claims Data ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Billing Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regional Variations ◽

Smoothing Methods ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Over Time

ObjectivesGlobal prevalence rates of psoriasis differ significantly, with lowest rates in the equator region and increasing tendencies towards the north but also differences within-country. Information on regional variations in Germany is missing. This study aims to analyse the change of psoriasis prevalence in Germany over time and to detect regional variations.DesignCross sectional, spatio-epidemiological study on regional psoriasis prevalence in Germany.SettingClaims data study based on nationwide outpatient billing data on county level.MethodsAnalyses based on outpatient billing data for 2010–2017 derived from all people insured in statutory health insurances (about 72.8 million). We performed descriptive spatio-temporal analyses of prevalence rates using probability mapping and statistical smoothing methods, identified spatial clusters and examined a north-south gradient using spatial statistics.ResultsThe prevalence increased from 147.4 per 10 000 in 2010 to 173.5 in 2017. In 2017, counties’ prevalence rates ranged between 93.8 and 340.9. Decreased rates occurred mainly in southern counties, increased rates in northern and eastern counties. Clusters of low rates occur in southern and south-western Germany, clusters of high rates in the north and north-east. The correlation between counties’ latitudes and their prevalence rates was high with Pearson’s r=0.65 (p<0.05).ConclusionIncreased prevalence of psoriasis over time and marked regional variations in Germany were observed which need further investigation.

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THE CURRENT STATE OF THE EUROPEAN DARK BEE SUBSPECIES Apis mellifera mellifera L. IN THE NORTH RANGE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE BULLETIN ◽

10.32014/2020.2518-1467.182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (388) ◽

pp. 54-62

Author(s):

Chugreev Mikhail Konstantinovich, ◽

◽

Baimukanov Dastanbek Asylbekovich, ◽

Blokhin Gennady Ivanovich, ◽

Malovichko Lyubov Vasilievna, ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Apis Mellifera Mellifera ◽

The North ◽

The Russian Federation

The research to determine the factors with a negative impact on the resource status of honey bees in the Russian Federation has been done. Based on the research results, a simple and affordable rapid test for determining the origin of bees was proposed, based on the study of a complex of morphological and biological characteristics of working bees, such as proboscis length, cubital index, discoid displacement, the shape of the rear border of the wax plate of sternite 5, body color, the character of the honey seal, behavior of bees during the examination of the nest and phototaxis. The test is suitable for detecting bee crossbreeding during their mass selection since the listed morphological and biological traits are the most contrasting and indicative among others. The indicated morphological and biological characteristics of bees from the Yaroslavl, Vologda, Kostroma regions, Perm Territory were studied. In the Susaninsky district of the Kostroma region, the bee colonies were identified that correspond to the European dark bees Apis mellifera mellifera L. according to the studied traits. From them, breeding material was taken and evaluated for further breeding and the creation of a nursery reproducer. In conclusion, a landmark is given, a promising direction of work is indicated for the conservation and restoration of the resources of the European dark bees in the current conditions of mass unsystematic crossbreeding in the north of their historical range.

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‘They’ve Been with Me the Whole Journey’: Temporality, Emotional Labour and Hairdressing Work

Work Employment and Society ◽

10.1177/0950017020955081 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 095001702095508

Author(s):

Oonagh M Harness ◽

Kimberly Jamie ◽

Robert McMurray

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Understanding ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Service Work ◽

Relational Development ◽

Emotional Labour ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Work And Employment ◽

Over Time

The role of time in organisational and relational development remains an understudied component of work and employment. In response, this article draws attention to the ways that temporality informs relations between workers and clients in service work. Drawing on data from interviews and observations with hair stylists in salons located in the North East of England from 2016 to 2018, we provide a nuanced account of emotional service work by considering the role of the temporal dynamics of recurrence and experience. Describing that which we label ‘relational trajectories’, we show the role of time in developing more authentic service performances. We conclude that acknowledging time allows for a more refined conceptual understanding of how emotional labour is performed based on an appreciation of how relations develop and change. Emotional labour is positioned as highly nuanced and adaptive in its responses to the specificities of relational trajectories that unfold over time.

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Trends in the numbers of red kangaroos and emus on either side of the South Australian dingo fence: evidence for predator regulation?

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr99030 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

A. R. Pople ◽

G. C. Grigg ◽

S. C. Cairns ◽

L. A. Beard ◽

P. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Canis Lupus ◽

Predation Rate ◽

Aerial Survey ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

The South ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Red Kangaroo ◽

Dromaius Novaehollandiae ◽

Over Time

Most of Australia’s sheep rangelands are enclosed by a dingo-proof fence. Within these rangelands, where dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) are rare, red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) are considered to be food limited because their numbers respond to fluctuations in pasture biomass that are driven by highly variable rainfall. Outside this region, where dingoes are common, kangaroo densities are generally substantially lower, suggesting that dingoes are an important limiting factor. However, it is unclear whether dingoes can regulate kangaroo populations. In this study, red kangaroo and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) numbers were monitored for varying periods during 1978–92 by aerial survey on both sides of the dingo fence in three areas in the north of the South Australian pastoral zone. Densities of red kangaroos and emus were lower outside the fence, although the disparity varied between areas and over time. The similarity in the environments on both sides of the fence and the marked step in kangaroo density at the fence are consistent with dingoes strongly limiting these prey populations. In the north-east of the pastoral zone, where kangaroo and emu densities are greatest, the contrast in density across the fence was most pronounced. Furthermore, the trends in density over time differed across the fence. Outside the fence, red kangaroos and emus remained at low densities following drought as dingo numbers increased. Inside the fence, red kangaroo and emu populations showed a ‘typical’ post-drought recovery. The data therefore suggest that, in some situations, dingoes may not simply limit red kangaroo and emu populations, but also regulate them. For this to occur, predation rate would need to be density dependent at low prey densities. The availability of alternative prey, and the reduction in the numbers of all prey during drought may provide the mechanism.

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Geographical epidemiology of health and overall deprivation in England, its changes and persistence from 2004 to 2015: a longitudinal spatial population study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-209999 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 140-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Evangelos Kontopantelis ◽

Mamas A Mamas ◽

Harm van Marwijk ◽

Andrew M Ryan ◽

Iain E Buchan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Clustering ◽

Geographical Area ◽

The South ◽

Regional Variability ◽

North West ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Health And Social Care ◽

Health Related ◽

Over Time

BackgroundSocioeconomic deprivation is a key determinant for health. In England, the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a widely used composite measure of deprivation. However, little is known about its spatial clustering or persistence across time.MethodsData for overall IMD and its health domain were analysed for 2004–2015 at a low geographical area (average of 1500 people). Levels and temporal changes were spatially visualised for the whole of England and its 10 administrative regions. Spatial clustering was quantified using Moran’s I, correlations over time were quantified using Pearson’s r.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2015 we observed a strong persistence for both overall (r=0.94) and health-related deprivation (r=0.92). At the regional level, small changes were observed over time, but with areas slowly regressing towards the mean. However, for the North East, North West and Yorkshire, where health-related deprivation was the highest, the decreasing trend in health-related deprivation reversed and we noticed increases in 2015. Results did not support our hypothesis of increasing spatial clustering over time. However, marked regional variability was observed in both aggregate deprivation outcomes. The lowest autocorrelation was seen in the North East and changed very little over time, while the South East had the highest autocorrelation at all time points.ConclusionsOverall and health-related deprivation patterns persisted in England, with large and unchanging health inequalities between the North and the South. The spatial aspect of deprivation can inform the targeting of health and social care interventions, particularly in areas with high levels of deprivation clustering.

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