scholarly journals Morphological Diversity and Bioactive Compounds in Wall Rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Guijarro-Real ◽  
Jaime Prohens ◽  
Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo ◽  
Ana Fita
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
New Information ◽  
Diplotaxis Erucoides ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

Wall rocket is a wild vegetable with interest to become a crop. However, the information regarding morphological variability in the species is scarce, despite the interest it has received for breeding programs. In addition, evaluating the phytochemical composition can also be useful for developing materials of a high quality. In this study, forty-four populations were evaluated for selected morphoagronomic traits and contents in ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolics (TP), and nitrates (NO3−). Wall rocket plants had, on average, an intermediate growth habit and a good response to transplant. Moderate variability, mainly for size-related traits, was found, with low to moderate heritability estimates (H2 < 0.35). A Principal Component Analysis revealed that some materials may be selected for differenced traits. On the other hand, wall rocket materials had, on average, high contents in AA (53 mg 100 g−1) and TP (116 mg CAE 100 g−1) but also accumulated high levels of NO3− (891 mg 100 g−1). Significant positive correlations were found for AA and TP, which could be exploited for increasing the antioxidant activity and properties of the final product. We provide new information on the variation of wall rocket for traits of morphological and phytochemical interest, which together with other traits, such as the profile of glucosinolates, can be useful for the selection of materials in future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Macroscopy and Microscopy Study of Scopraia dulcis L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Djoko Santosa ◽  
Subagus Wahyuono ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
SM Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Region Selection ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Selection Of

A morphological diversity analysis of Scoparia dulcis by macroscopy and microscopy has been conducted. The aim of this research is to determine the morphological and anatomical character of S. dulcis which grow in Opak watershed, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Samples were taken from Sleman (Cangkringan, Ngemplak Kalasan, and Prambanan) and Bantul (Imogiri and Pundong) region. Selection of sampling location is based on altitude difference. The samples are the third leaf order from the tip of the stem. They were measured in length and width. Microscopy analysis was performed by observing the number of glandular trichomes, palisade cells in the epidermis and stomata in the upper and lower epidermis. The data obtained were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that based on morphological and anatomical assessment, there were found 3 clusters of S. dulcis, i.e. Cangkringan-Ngemplak-Prambanan, Kalasan, and Imogiri-Pundong cluster.

scholarly journals Dissecting genetic diversity and genomic background of Petunia cultivars with contrasting growth habits

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Guo ◽  
Ryan M. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The cultivated petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) is derived from the progenitor species P. axillaris and P. integrifolia. The hybridization dates back only to the 1830s, though intensive breeding efforts have yielded cultivars exhibiting incredible diversity for many traits, including growth habit, flower color, and flower size. Until now, little is known about the genetic diversity and genomic background of modern cultivars. Here we selected a panel of 13 cultivars with contrasting growth habits and three wild species (the progenitors and P. exserta) to estimate the genomic contribution from the ancestral species and to study whether the variation of the genetic origin could be associated with different breeding programs or morphological variability. Transcriptome sequencing identified 1,164,566 SNPs representing 98.4% (32,451) of the transcripts that cover 99.2% (of 52,697,361 bp) of the P. axillaris transcriptome. Cultivars with an upright growth habit had more homozygous alleles and more P. axillaris-derived alleles than trailing cultivars, while mounded cultivars had intermediate heterozygosity. Unlike previous studies, we found the proportions of alleles derived from each progenitor species varied across cultivars but overall were not biased toward one progenitor species, suggesting diverse selection during cultivar development. For trailing cultivars, alleles potentially introgressed from other wild species (“out” alleles) were enriched. The “out” alleles were clustered in particular regions of chromosomes, suggesting that these regions may be hotspots of introgression. Transcripts in these regions were enriched with gene ontology terms associated with growth habit. This study provides novel insight into the contributions of progenitor species to the genomic background of modern petunia cultivars and identifies genome regions that may harbor genes conferring the trailing growth habit for further exploration.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization and selection of castor bean accessions for mechanized production1

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Soares de Oliveira Neto ◽  
Matheus Kainan de Paula Manjavachi ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽  
Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori ◽  
Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Mechanized Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an oilseed found in different regions worldwide, due to its easy propagation and adaptability. Cropping more productive disease-resistant genotypes that enable a mechanized production ensures greater economic returns for farmers. This study aimed to morphologically characterize and select promising castor bean accessions for mechanized cropping, mainly as a source of genetic variability for breeding programs with this purpose. Fifty accessions were assessed. Analysis of variance, dissimilarity clustering via the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The dissimilarity analysis based on the Gower distance for qualitative and quantitative variables revealed three groups of accessions and the principal component analysis enabled the selection of those with desirable traits. The accessions BOC1, PRAT1 and SM2 exhibited morpho-agronomic characteristics of interest to the mechanized production, such as ideal plant height, diameter, seed weight and oil content. Such genotypes show a potential for use as genitors in genetic breeding programs of castor bean.

scholarly journals Analysis of Peach Germplasm in Mexico

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pérez ◽  
S. Montes ◽  
C. Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Latin American Countries

A wide range of peach [Prunus persica (I,.) Batsch] germplasm was collected from the most important peach growing regions in Mexico and some Latin American countries, as well as from breeding programs in the United States, Europe, and South Africa. Budded trees, seedlings derived from selfing cultivars and selections, and seed samples from various growing regions were propagated and planted in central Mexico. Twenty eight morphological or phenological variables were recorded on 52 accessions representing different geographic regions. The highest degree of variability was observed for traits related to bud density and distribution, and to phenological variables associated with temperature requirements such as budbreak and harvest seasons, leaf fall, fruit development, and seed stratification period. Principal component analysis (PCA) integrated groups of phenotypes based mainly on growth habit, shoot diameter, bud and leaf size, as well as resistance to powdery mildew, rust, and frost. PCA provides support for the development of objectives and breeding strategies in the search for germplasm and cultivars for nontraditional peach growing regions.

scholarly journals Morphological variation of wild peppers (Capsicum spp.) from the state of Tabasco, Mexico

2018 ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C. V.-Ventura, Efrain de la Cruz-Lazaro ◽  
Rodolfo Osorio- Osorio ◽  
Pablo Preciado- Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
The State ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Branch Density

The pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the most important vegetables in Mexico. The aim of this study was to collect wild peppers and characterize in situ their morphological diversity. From January to November 2015, field trips were made to 54 locations in 15 municipalities in the state of Tabasco, Mexico; 131 collections were obtained in which a total of 23 plant, flower and fruit variables were evaluated. With the mean values of the variables, principal component (PC) and cluster analyses were performed. The first three PCs explained 65.2% of total morphological variability, with the variables fruit length, fruit shape, fruit width, leaf width, leaf length, plant height and branch density providing a greater explanation for the diversity. Cluster analysis grouped the 131 collections into two groups, one formed by the morphotypes 'Amashito', 'Garbanzo' and 'Ojo de cangrejo', with characteristics of C. annuum var. Glabriusculum, and the second group with the morphotype 'Pico de paloma' with characteristics of the species C. frutescens L. It is concluded that the wild peppers of the State of Tabasco have morphological diversity, which must be preserved as a genetic resource of interest.

scholarly journals Rapid and objective characterization of channel morphology in a small, forested stream

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Helm ◽  
Marwan A. Hassan ◽  
David Reid
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Channel Morphology ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Width ◽  
Gravel Bed Streams

Abstract. Forested, gravel bed streams possess complex channel morphologies which are difficult to objectively characterise. The spatial scale necessary to adequately capture variability in these streams is often unclear, as channels are governed by irregularly spaced features and episodic processes. This issue is compounded by the high cost and time-consuming nature of field surveys in this type of environment. In larger stream systems, remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs) have proven to be effective tools for characterizing channels at high resolutions over large spatial extents, but to date their use in small, forested streams with closed forest canopies has been limited. This paper seeks to demonstrate an objective method for characterizing channel attributes over large areas, using easily extractable data from RPA imagery collected under the forest canopy in a small (width = 10 to 15 m) stream, and to provide information on the spatial scale necessary to capture the dominant spatial morphological variability of these channels. First, the accuracy and coverage of RPAs for extracting channel data was investigated through a sub-canopy survey. From this survey data, relevant cross-sectional variables were extracted and used to characterize channel unit morphology using a principal component analysis-clustering (PCA-clustering) technique. Finally, the length scale required to capture dominant morphological variability was investigated from analysis of morphological diversity along nearly 3 km of channel. The results demonstrate that sub-canopy RPA surveys provide a viable alternative to traditional survey approaches for characterizing these systems, with 87 % coverage of the main channel stream bed. The PCA-clustering analysis provided a more objective means of classifying channel morphology with a correct classification rate of 85 %. Analysis of morphological diversity suggests that reaches of at least 15 bankfull width equivalents are required to capture the channel's dominant heterogeneity. Altogether, the results provide a precedent for using RPAs to characterize the morphology and diversity of forested streams under dense canopies.

Replicated ecological landscapes and the evolution of morphological diversity among Gasterosteus populations from an archipelago on the west coast of Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. Reimchen ◽  
P. Nosil
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Haida Gwaii ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Eye Diameter ◽  
Freshwater Stickleback ◽  
Gill Raker

We investigated defence and trophic morphology of 40 freshwater stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) populations from the Banks–Estevan archipelago for comparison with the isolated stickleback populations from the nearby Haida Gwaii archipelago. Using 14 size-standardized metric traits and 11 meristic or categorical traits from 1706 individuals (14–54/site), we found that the first principal component (PC1) defined a defence apparatus characterized by high loadings for pelvic spine length, number of forks on the ascending process, number of lateral plates, and overlap between lateral and basal plates. The second component (PC2) defined a trophic apparatus characterized by high loadings for gape length, eye diameter, and body depth. Populations with loss of spines, loss of plates, increased gape, increased body depth, and low gill raker number were most prevalent in ponds and shallow lakes with low conductivity. Most traits were sexually dimorphic, with males exhibiting greater armature and increased benthic trophic adaptations. We observed substantially less morphological variability among Banks–Estevan stickleback populations than among the Haida Gwaii populations and one instance of common ancestry or convergence to the giant black stickleback of Haida Gwaii.

scholarly journals Genotypic values and genetic correlations for components and oil content of bunch of hybrids between caiaué and dendê

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ferraiolo de Freitas ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Antônio José de Abreu Pina ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

Interspecific hybridization between Elaeis oleiferaand Elaeisguineensis(HIE OxG) is explored in plant breeding programs to meet the demand for resistant cultivars to fatal yellowing, which is the biggest phytosanitary problem in E. guineensisplants in South America, including Brazil. In addition to resistance to fatal yellowing, cultivars should have high oil yield, which depends directly on bunch production and oil content in the bunches (O/FFB). The obtaining of genetic gains in O/FFBfor OxG requires information on the genotypic values of the breeding population and the understanding of how the components of the bunch are related to this characteristic in this type of material. Thus, the objective of this work was toestimate genotypic values and genetic correlations for bunch components and analyze the potential of using these components in the selection of gains for O/FFB. The physical composition and oil content in mesocarp of 840 bunches from 39 HIE OxG F1 progenies were analyzed. Genotypic values for bunch components were estimated using the procedure REML/BLUP andwere obtained from genetic correlations between them. All evaluated components presented genetic variation with possibility of gains through selection, especially the oil content in the bunch (O/FFB), which presented variability above 23%. The selection for O/FFBwill mainly result in bunches with a higher fruit proportion over the weight of the bunch (TF/FFB), greater oil contents in mesocarp of normal and parthenocarpic fruits, and lower proportion of empty spikelets. Considering the high and positive correlations between O/FFBand the evaluated characteristics and the practicality of evaluation, the characteristics with higher potential for indirect selection to increase O/FFBare TF/FFBand proportion of mesocarp in normal fruits.

scholarly journals Morphological diversity of Zacatecas Guajillo chile landraces is broad and is given mainly by fruit traits

2019 ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Yolanda del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez, Amalio Santacruz-Varela ◽  
Pedro A. López, Higinio López-Sánchez ◽  
L. Córdova-Téllez, V. A. González-Hernández, T. Corona-Torres ◽  
Ricardo López- Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

Guajillo (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the five more important chile types used as food in Mexico and the most important to local economy in Zacatecas, whose production is supplied mainly by native populations. In spite of this, not much is known about the morphological diversity of Guajillo landraces of Zacatecas. Here, we describe and quantify their morphological variation in order to establish breeding programs and to preserve the phenotypic diversity. Thirty-two plant, flower, fruit, seed and phenological traits were assessed in 96 Guajillo chile landraces and four improved varities of Guajillo used as controls, grown during the 2015 agricultural cycle in Zacatecas, Mexico. The selection of variables was made based on the analysis of variance and multivariate analysis that were applied to the selected variables to estimate the morphological diversity. A wide variation of plant, fruit and seed characteristics was identified. This morphological heterogeneity is attributed mainly to fruit traits such as: size, weight, shape, color, transverse wrinkling of the fruit, shape of the peduncle and the number of fruits produced. This wide morphological diversity can potentially be utilized in the genetic improvement of Guajillo chile.

scholarly journals Analytically Directed Flavor Selection in Breeding Food Crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Stanley J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Trimethyl Benzene ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

Flavor quality is one of the most difficult traits to select in plant breeding programs due to the large number of sensory panelists required, the small number of samples that can be evaluated per day, and the subjectivity of the results. Using sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] as a model, clones exhibiting distinctly different flavors were analyzed for sugars, nonvolatile acids, and aroma chemistry to identify the critical flavor components. Differences in sugars, sucrose equivalents, nonvolatile acids, and 19 odor-active compounds were identified that accounted for differences in flavor among the clones. Using the intensity of the aroma per microliter for each of the 17 most important aroma-active compounds (maltol, 5-methyl-2-furfural, 2-acetyl furan, 3-furaldehyde, 2-furmethanol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, β-ionone, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 2-pentyl furan, 2,4-decadienal, 2,4-nonadienal, linalool, geraniol, cyperene, α-copane and a sesquiterpene) and the relative sweetness of individual sugars × their respective concentrations, multivariate (principal component and cluster) analysis allowed accurate classification of the clones according to flavor type without sensory analysis. The level of precision was such that sweetness, starch hydrolysis potential, and the concentration of β-carotene could be accurately predicted by quantifying specific volatiles. Analytical assessment of flavor would greatly facilitate the accurate evaluation of large numbers of progeny, the simultaneous selection of multiple flavor types, and the development of superior new cultivars for a wide cross-section of food crops.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document