Supplemental LED Increases Tomato Yield in Mediterranean Semi-Closed Greenhouse

Supplemental light (SL) is a technique used to increase horticulture yield, especially in northern countries, where the Daily Light Integral (DLI) is a limiting factor during fall and winter, and which could also be used to obtain higher tomato yield at the Mediterranean latitude. In this study, three tomato hybrid (F1) cultivars were grown for year-round production in a commercial semi-closed glasshouse in Southern Italy: two of the cherry fruit-type (‘Juanita’ and ‘Sorentyno’) and one mini plum fruit-type (‘Solarino’). From 120 to 243 days after transplant, light-emitting diode (LED) toplights were used as SL, with a photoperiod of 18 h. The main climatic parameters inside and outside the glasshouse were recorded, and tomato plants’ development and yield were examined. Plants grown with LEDs had longer stems as compared to control treatment (9.53 vs. 8.79 m), a higher stem thickness and yielded more trusses. On average, the yield was 21.7% higher with LEDs. ‘Sorentyno’ was the cultivar with the highest cumulated productivity when it was grown under SL. However, the cultivar with best light use efficiency under LEDs was ‘Solarino’. Therefore, supplemental LED from mid-December until March enhanced tomato growth and yield, opening a favorable scenario for large-scale application of this technology also in the Mediterranean area.

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Near Unity PLQY and High Stability of Barium Thiocyanate Based All-Inorganic Perovskites and Their Applications in White Light-Emitting Diodes

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8060209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Gopi Chandra Adhikari ◽

Saroj Thapa ◽

Yang Yue ◽

Hongyang Zhu ◽

Peifen Zhu

Keyword(s):

White Light ◽

Large Scale ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Photophysical Properties ◽

Environmental Stability ◽

Color Temperature ◽

Ambient Atmosphere ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

Lead Halide

All-inorganic lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3) nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a highly promising new generation of light emitters due to their extraordinary photophysical properties. However, the performance of these semiconducting NCs is undermined due to the inherent toxicity of lead and long-term environmental stability. Here, we report the addition of B-site cation and X-site anion (pseudo-halide) concurrently using Ba(SCN)2 (≤50%) in CsPbX3 NCs to reduce the lead and improve the photophysical properties and stability. The as-grown particles demonstrated an analogous structure with an almost identical lattice constant and a fluctuation of particle size without altering the morphology of particles. Photoluminescence quantum yield is enhanced up to near unity (~98%) by taking advantage of concomitant doping at the B- and X-site of the structure. Benefitted from the defect reductions and stronger bonding interaction between Pb2+ and SCN− ions, Ba(SCN)2-based NCs exhibit improved stability towards air and moisture compared to the host NCs. The doped NCs retain higher PLQY (as high as seven times) compared to the host NCs) when stored in an ambient atmosphere for more than 176 days. A novel 3D-printed multiplex color conversion layer was used to fabricate a white light-emitting diode (LED). The obtained white light shows a correlated color temperature of 6764 K, a color rendering index of 87, and luminous efficacy of radiation of 333 lm/W. In summary, this work proposes a facile route to treat sensitive lead halide perovskite NCs and to fabricate LEDs by using a low-cost large-scale 3-D printing method, which would serve as a foundation for fabricating high-quality optoelectronic devices for near future lighting technologies.

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(Invited) High Brightness, Large Scale GaN Based Light-Emitting Diode Grown on 8-Inch Si Substrate

ECS Transactions ◽

10.1149/06104.0071ecst ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

S.-J. Lee ◽

H.-J. Park ◽

J.-B. Park ◽

D.-W. Jeon ◽

J. H. Baek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Si Substrate ◽

High Brightness ◽

Light Emitting

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Rheological profiles in the Central- Eastern Mediterranean

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-3884 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

Author(s):

M. Viti ◽

D. Albarello ◽

E. Mantovani

Keyword(s):

Heat Flow ◽

Large Scale ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Geological Time ◽

Western Turkey ◽

Geological Time Scale ◽

Total Strength ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Wet Rocks

Seismological investigations have provided an estimate of the gross structnral features of the crust/upper mantle system in the Mediterranean area. However, this information is only representative of the short-term me- chanical behaviour of rocks and cannot help us to understand slow deformations and related tectonic processes on the geological time scale. In this work strength envelopes for several major structural provinces of the Mediterranean area have been tentatively derived from seismological stratification and heat flow data, on the assumption of constant and uniforrn strain rate (10-16 S-1), wet rocks and conductive geotherm. It is also shown how the uncertainties in the reconstruction of thermal profiles can influence the main rheological prop- erties of the lithosphere, as thickness and total strength. The thickest (50-70 km) and strongest mechanical lithospheres correspond to the coldest zones (with heat flow lower than or equal to 50 mW m-2), i.e., the Io- nian and Levantine mesozoic basins, the Adriatic and Eurasian foreland zones and NW Greece. Heat flows larger than 65 mW m-2, generally observed in extensional zones (Tyrrhenian, Sicily Channel, Northern Aegean, Macedonia and Western Turkey), are mostly related to mechanical lithospheres thinner than 20 km. The characteristics of strength envelopes, and in particular the presence of soft layers in the crust, suggest a reasonable interpretation of some large-scale features which characterize the tectonic evolution of the Central- Eastem Mediterranean.

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Tsunamis

The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0031 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Gerassimos Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Aegean Sea ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Wave System ◽

Submarine Landslides ◽

Plate Convergence ◽

Long Wave ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Steep Terrain

According to Imamura (1937: 123), the term tunami or tsunami is a combination of the Japanese word tu (meaning a port) and nami (a long wave), hence long wave in a harbour. He goes on to say that the meaning might also be defined as a seismic sea-wave since most tsunamis are produced by a sudden dip-slip motion along faults during major earthquakes. Other submarine or coastal phenomena, however, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, and gas escapes, are also known to cause tsunamis. According to Van Dorn (1968), ‘tsunami’ is the Japanese name for the gravity wave system formed in the sea following any large-scale, short-duration disturbance of the free surface. Tsunamis fall under the general classification of long waves. The length of the waves is of the order of several tens or hundreds of kilometres and tsunamis usually consist of a series of waves that approach the coast with periods ranging from 5 to 90 minutes (Murty 1977). Some commonly used terms that describe tsunami wave propagation and inundation are illustrated in Figure 17.2. Because of the active lithospheric plate convergence, the Mediterranean area is geodynamically characterized by significant volcanism and high seismicity as discussed in Chapters 15 and 16 respectively. Furthermore, coastal and submarine landslides are quite frequent and this is partly in response to the steep terrain of much of the basin (Papadopoulos et al. 2007a). Tsunamis are among the most remarkable phenomena associated with earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides in the Mediterranean basin. Until recently, however, it was widely believed that tsunamis either did not occur in the Mediterranean Sea, or they were so rare that they did not pose a threat to coastal communities. Catastrophic tsunamis are more frequent on Pacific Ocean coasts where both local and transoceanic tsunamis have been documented (Soloviev 1970). In contrast, large tsunami recurrence in the Mediterranean is of the order of several decades and the memory of tsunamis is short-lived. Most people are only aware of the extreme Late Bronge Age tsunami that has been linked to the powerful eruption of Thera volcano in the south Aegean Sea (Marinatos 1939; Chapter 15).

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Design of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Lighting System and Its Application in Garden Landscape Decoration

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics ◽

10.1166/jno.2020.2793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 734-742

Author(s):

Hailiang Liu ◽

Jiade Cheng ◽

Asnidar Hanim Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Large Scale ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Image Data ◽

Junction Temperature ◽

Lighting System ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Led Lighting ◽

Arm Processor ◽

Control Node

Light Emitting Diode (LED) is widely used in garden landscape decoration because of its small size, low power, concentrated light, and the capability of showing more vivid colors. While designing the LED lighting system, considering that a single Advanced RISC Machine (ARM)-based control system cannot achieve large-scale LED display, and a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based control system cannot control the lighting system well, an LED system with the combination of ARM processor-FPGA is proposed. In this system, the ARM processor is used as the major control component. The Linux system realizes remote monitoring and intelligent management of image data. In addition, FPGA is used for LED data output. The lighting system consists of a major control node and a lighting node. The nodes are connected in parallel through a chain network. The major control node uses an ARM Cortex processor and is equipped with a Linux operating system. The lighting node uses ARM + FPGA hardware architecture. During the experiments, the LED lighting system is tested first. The results show that the reading and writing speed is fast. The LED display screen meets the lighting requirements. This LED lighting system is used for night lighting of garden landscapes. During the brightness test, the brightness of lighting objects and the background is used as research objects. Experiments have proved that the ratio of the lighting object brightness to the background brightness between (Yu, M. and Li, X., 2012. A little current k-factor method for measuring junction temperature of aviation lighting power led. Guangxue Jishu/Optical Technique, 38(3), pp.371–375; Monas, A., Verma, A., Gawari, A. and Paswan, R. S., 2016. Portable network monitor using arm processor. Procedia Computer Science, 92, pp.493–497.) is suitable for night lighting of garden landscape decoration, which will not bring discomfort to people who enjoy night scenery.

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Control Measures for SARS-CoV-2: A Review on Light-Based Inactivation of Single-Stranded RNA Viruses

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9090737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 737 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joshua Hadi ◽

Magdalena Dunowska ◽

Shuyan Wu ◽

Gale Brightwell

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Red Light ◽

Ultrashort Pulses ◽

Control Measures ◽

Pulsed Light ◽

Light Emitting ◽

The Family ◽

Modelling Studies

SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus classified in the family Coronaviridae. In this review, we summarize the literature on light-based (UV, blue, and red lights) sanitization methods for the inactivation of ssRNA viruses in different matrixes (air, liquid, and solid). The rate of inactivation of ssRNA viruses in liquid was higher than in air, whereas inactivation on solid surfaces varied with the type of surface. The efficacy of light-based inactivation was reduced by the presence of absorptive materials. Several technologies can be used to deliver light, including mercury lamp (conventional UV), excimer lamp (UV), pulsed-light, and light-emitting diode (LED). Pulsed-light technologies could inactivate viruses more quickly than conventional UV-C lamps. Large-scale use of germicidal LED is dependent on future improvements in their energy efficiency. Blue light possesses virucidal potential in the presence of exogenous photosensitizers, although femtosecond laser (ultrashort pulses) can be used to circumvent the need for photosensitizers. Red light can be combined with methylene blue for application in medical settings, especially for sanitization of blood products. Future modelling studies are required to establish clearer parameters for assessing susceptibility of viruses to light-based inactivation. There is considerable scope for improvement in the current germicidal light-based technologies and practices.

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Seasonal assessments of future precipitation extremes in the Mediterranean area considering nonstationarities in predictor-predictand relationships

Climate Research ◽

10.3354/cr01590 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 19-42

Author(s):

C Merkenschlager ◽

E Hertig

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Large Scale ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Precipitation Extremes ◽

Max Planck ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Central Mediterranean ◽

Censored Quantile Regression ◽

The Mediterranean

Within the context of analyzing daily heavy precipitation events in the Mediterranean under enhanced greenhouse gas forcing in the 21st century, a new method considering non-stationarities in the relationships of large-scale circulation predictors and regional precipitation extremes was applied. The Mediterranean area was split into up to 22 precipitation regions, and analyses were performed separately for 3 different seasons (autumn, winter and spring) and 3 different quantiles (90th, 95th and 99th). Estimations are based on a three-step censored quantile regression. Future estimations are performed by means of 3 model runs of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model with Low Resolution (MPI-ESM-LR) for representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Overall, the Mediterranean is mainly characterized by decreasing quantile values. Especially in the regions in the southeast, declines are significant, with up to 71.7% (-1.65 mm) in the Levante region (autumn) and over 16 mm (-38.2%) on Crete (winter). Increased precipitation quantiles were only assessed for a more or less extended region in the northern parts of the Central Mediterranean (winter and spring), for the northeastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula (autumn) and for northern Spain (spring). Overall, analyses showed that non-stationarities seriously affect precipitation behavior in most parts of the Mediterranean. Results indicated that 2 different regimes (western and eastern) inducing non-stationarities are predominant in the Mediterranean area. In autumn (winter), the western (eastern) regime is limited to the Iberian Peninsula (Levante), whereas in spring, the area of influence of both regimes is of equal size.

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Development and Property Investigation of a Large-Scale Strain Sensor by Grating Moiré Fringe Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1383 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 718-720 ◽

pp. 1383-1387

Author(s):

Cheng Li Duan ◽

Ya Dong Jiang ◽

Li Jie Chen ◽

Hui Ling Tai

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Large Scale ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Processing System ◽

Strain Sensor ◽

Strain Sensitivity ◽

Signal Processing System ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Photodiode Array

A large-scale strain sensor for measuring the strain between 0~0.2ε has been developed using grating moiré fringe in this work. The gallium arsenide near-infrared solid-state light-emitting diode was used for light source of the sensor, and photodiode array sensor was chosen for the photodetector. The signal received was converted into digital pulses for the output by the signal processing system and displayed. The results indicated that the fabricated large-scale strain sensor showed the good linearity and repeatability, and low hysteresis. Strain sensitivity of 620ε-1 and a minimum strain of 0.004 ε can be achieved.

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